Ignác Gyulay

Ignaz Graf Gyulai, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber , 1830

Ignác (Ignaz) Gyulay Count of Maros-Németh and Nádaska (born September 11, 1763 in Sibiu , † November 11, 1831 in Vienna ) was a Hungarian count , Austrian general and President of the Court War Council as well as Ban (viceroy) of Croatia .

Life

Ignác Gyulay (also Gyulai) Count of Maros-Németh and Nádaska was the eldest son of the Imperial Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Sámuel Gyulay . In 1781 he began his military career as a cadet in his father's infantry regiment. In the years 1789–1790 he took part in the last Turkish war in Austria and became lieutenant colonel and commander of his own free corps (Gyulay Free Corps). He was particularly notable for his storming of Cetin Castle in Croatia on July 20, 1790.

In the First Coalition War he served under General Count von Wurmser and played a major role in the victory of the Austrians in the Battle of Bienwald on October 13, 1793. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Maria Theresa Order . In a battle near Memmingen in Upper Swabia in 1796 he was able to defend himself with his 1,200-strong Freikorps for eight hours against 6,000 French soldiers and in November 1796 also stood out in the siege of the French bridgehead at Kehl . He was promoted to major general on May 16, 1797 and at the end of 1796 took command of Infantry Regiment No. 31 - Benjowsky .

At the beginning of the Second Coalition War Gyulay served as brigade commander under Archduke Karl and took part in the battles near Ostrach (March 21, 1799) and Stockach (March 25, 1799). On May 5, 1800 his troops covered the retreat of the Austrian army under Feldzeugmeister Kray over the Danube after the defeat in the battle of Meßkirch . On October 11, 1800, he received the Commander's Cross of the Order of Maria Theresa from Emperor Franz II and on October 29, 1800 he was appointed Field Marshal Lieutenant. After the Treaty of Lunéville on February 9, 1801, Ignác Gyulay became divisional commander in Pest .

In April 1806 he was appointed Ban (governor) of Croatia , Dalmatia and Slavonia .

In the Fifth Coalition War of 1809 he was given command of the IX. Army corps of the Army of Inner Austria under Archduke Johann and took part in the Battle of Sacile (April 16). After the forced withdrawal of the Austrian army from northern Italy at the end of May , he was given supreme command of the troops defending Carniola and Croatia. However, he did not succeed in driving the French troops under Broussier and Marmont in the battle of St. Leonhard from Graz.

After the end of the war he was re-appointed governor from 1809 to 1813. After Austria entered the war on the part of the coalition in the autumn of 1813, Gyulay became Feldzeugmeister of the Austrian Army and was given a corps command in the Austrian contingent of the Bohemian Army under Field Marshal Prince Schwarzenberg . In the Battle of Dresden from August 26th to 27th, 1813, Gyulay commanded the left wing of the Bohemian Army. In the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig from October 16 to 19, 1813 he was a liaison officer between the Silesian army of Blücher and the main army of Schwarzenberg. During the subsequent French campaign, he distinguished himself in the battle of La Rothière on February 1, 1814. For this he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Leopold Order . He then took part with his army corps in the Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube , the Battle of Fère-Champenoise and the Battle of Paris on March 30, 1814. During the hundred days of Napoleon , he played no active role, but commanded the troops in Austria.

From 1816 he worked again as governor in Croatia, took over the general command in Bohemia in 1824 and from 1829 the command in Austria. At the end of his career on October 7, 1830, he was appointed President of the Court War Council in Vienna. After only one year in office, Count Ignaz von Gyulay died on November 11, 1831 in Vienna.

Count Gyulay had also become a Privy Councilor, Chamberlain, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece , Supreme Captain of the Hungarian Lieutenancy, President of the Banal Table and owner of the two Banal Border Infantry Regiments. He also received by Emperor Francis I, the Grand Cross of St. Stephen's Order .

family

Ignác Gyulay was married to Julie Marie Anna (* February 17, 1779, † February 26, 1830), a daughter of the Baden Minister of Foreign Affairs, Georg Ludwig von Edelsheim .

His son Feldzeugmeister Ferenc József Gyulay, Count of Maros-Németh and Nádaska (1798–1868), was on June 4, 1859 in the Battle of Magenta by the French army under Emperor Napoleon III. and Marshal Mac Mahon defeated.

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Gyulay von Maros-Németh and Nadaska, Ignaz Graf . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 6th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1860, pp. 77–81 ( digitized version ).
• Wilhelm Edler von Janko :  Gyulai, Ignaz Graf . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 250.
• Gyulai von Maros-Németh and Nádaska Ignaz Graf. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1959, p. 115.
• Nikolaus von Preradovich :  Gyulai, Ignaz Graf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 365 ( digitized version ).

predecessor	Office	successor
Friedrich Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen	President of the Court War Council 1830–1831	Johann Maria Philipp Frimont of Palota