Engineering University of Dresden
The Dresden University of Engineering ( IHD for short ) was a university in Dresden where engineers were trained in various sub-areas of computer science . Its first forerunner, the Dresden Trade School , was founded in 1861. From this emerged in 1926 the technical institutes of the city of Dresden and technical and engineering schools that were renamed several times during the GDR . The engineering college was finally created through a university reform on April 29, 1969 from the engineering school for mechanical engineering and electrical engineering Dresden (IFME). A few months after the 125th anniversary of the educational institution and its predecessors, the engineering college was merged with the Technical University (TU) of Dresden under their name on October 4, 1986 . In the course of its history, from 1861 onwards, the school served, one after the other, to train craftsmen, technicians, mechanical and aircraft engineers and, most recently, mainly computer scientists.
history
Trade School Dresden (1861–1926)
As a result of the Industrial Revolution , the machines used had become so complicated that their operation made technical training necessary, which is why special vocational schools were created in the 19th century . The Dresden trade association formed in 1834 at the suggestion of Johann Andreas Schubert (1808–1870), in which smaller traders had organized, founded a crafts school on April 16, 1861 at the request of the teacher and association board member Karl Wilhelm Clauss (1829–1894) soon the trade school in Dresden emerged . It was initially based at Waisenhausstrasse 32a.
The subjects of geometric symbols, physics, chemistry, technology and mechanical engineering played an important role in teaching. The students received language training in German, optionally also in English and French. The low number of students - only ten apprentices registered in the first year - led to high financial losses for the trade association, which therefore decided to close its educational institution as early as 1862. Clauss then decided to continue it as a private school . He also converted it from a day school to an evening and Sunday school, which led to increasing student numbers. When Clauss took over the management of the school on April 1, 1862, he moved it to Große Brüdergasse 13, where it finally reopened at Easter 1863.
The number of pupils, which multiplied within a few years, enabled the school to run economically. From Easter 1866, the trade school was housed in rented rooms at 4 Weissen Gasse , and in 1868 day school operations could be re-established. From 1870 to 1874 she temporarily ran the trade association again, after which it was again Clauss' private school. On Michaelmas Day in 1872 the school moved to what would later become Maxstraße 9 in the Wilsdruffer suburb due to lack of space . While locksmiths and mechanical engineers still dominated the students in the 1860s and 1870s, it was the construction trades in the 1880s and 1890s and the metalworking professions at the turn of the century. In the meantime, mechanics, materials science and electricity had been added to the subjects. In 1894 there were 1,211 students enrolled and there were 31 full-time teachers. The school was in fruitful professional exchange with the trade association, the municipal arts and crafts school and other German and occasionally foreign trade schools.
Clauss remained director until his death in 1894. He had decreed that the school would then go to the city of Dresden. As a result, the city council decided in January 1896 to transfer the school into the direction of the city, making it the Dresden City Trade School . On April 1, 1896, it was first subordinated to the municipal trade office, then in 1907 to the education office. A new school building at Dürerstraße 45 in Johannstadt was built from 1899 according to plans by Edmund Bräter and inaugurated on April 9, 1901 by Mayor Otto Beutler . Nevertheless, due to the increasing number of pupils, after a few years the building on Maxstrasse was also used and the rooms of the elementary school on the corner of Polierstrasse and Ammonstrasse in Seevorstadt were also used . Incidentally, there was traditionally a high proportion of part-time teachers at the vocational school and its successors; Otto Panzner was one of them at the beginning of the 20th century .
From October 1898 to 1922 the architect Arnold Kuhnow (1853–1926) was director. In April 1906 the school of the Dresden Women's Education Association was attached to the trade school as a school women department. From 1908, it was also possible to complete master craftsman courses at the trade school. This shows the increasing importance of the facility for adult education. The First World War , which began in 1914 , marked a turning point for the school, which lost a large proportion of its teaching staff and hundreds of students within a few months. It was not until 1922 that the number of students reached the pre-war level. Kuhnow's successor as director was Dietrich Steinbrings on January 1, 1923 , under whose direction the school was modernized and new laboratories and workshops were added. In 1925 the trade school for plumbers, plumbers, goldsmiths and engravers was also incorporated.
Technical schools of the city of Dresden (1926–1952)
After the targeted training of technicians had already begun in 1922 , the school was renamed Technische Lehranstalten der Stadt Dresden in January 1926 . During this time they trained mechanical engineers and fitters, electricians, mechanics and opticians, welders, tool, car and gas fitters, technical draftsmen, bricklayers, carpenters, roofers and joiners. In courses, the students also received knowledge of foreign languages such as Russian and Spanish. In the 1920s there were 48 full-time and 56 part-time teachers at the school.
When the number of pupils reached a new record high of 2494 in 1926, the time seemed ripe for the school premises to be expanded to include a spacious new building. As early as 1913 there were initial plans to expand the school to the entire area between Dürer, Marschner, Gerok and Elisenstrasse (today Hans-Grundig-Strasse). On June 30, 1927, a building site was fenced in on what was then Elisenstrasse, which was located immediately northeast of the Dürerstrasse school building. The new building was inaugurated on January 25, 1930. It housed several workshops and experimental rooms as well as ten classrooms, three drawing rooms and two lecture halls.
The technical colleges were then divided into a trade school, a technical middle school ("Temi") created in 1922 and the higher mechanical engineering school ("Höma") founded in 1928 and officially recognized on December 5, 1929. The former craftsman had thus developed into a technical and engineering school; the first engineers completed their training at the technical colleges on September 30, 1929, the first female engineer in 1936. The offerings initially included mechanical and industrial engineering, followed by construction, automotive and aircraft engineers. In the years 1935 and 1936, five laboratories opened in the extension that was inaugurated in 1930: the welding technology training and research institute, an industrial laboratory, an X-ray laboratory for non-destructive material analysis , a flow laboratory with a wind tunnel and a gas and air protection laboratory .
During the National Socialist period from 1933 to 1945, this training profile remained. However, falling student numbers, the dismissal of politically unpopular teachers and employees as well as the abandonment of further new building plans due to lack of money and material caused the development of the institution, which was temporarily called the Dresden City Engineering School from Easter 1939 , to stagnate. British and US bomber units also destroyed a large part of the technical schools in the course of the air raids on Dresden in February 1945. A fire after arson in the building on today's Hans-Grundig-Strasse caused further damage on May 12, 1945. However, seven rooms were restored in the following month, but the clearing work by employees and students, as well as non-school workers, lasted until August 1945 on. On September 6, 1945, the Soviet Military Administration (SMAD) ordered the resumption of classes, which finally began on October 2 in front of 338 students.
While the technician training continued, the training of engineers was interrupted from January 14, 1946 to October 30, 1947, because they were said to be "Nazi activities". In March 1948 the first post-war graduates left the technical schools. In that year these were divided into the engineering school with the five departments of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, precision mechanics, surveying and chemistry and the technical school with the four departments of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, precision mechanics and chemical engineering. The municipal sponsorship ended on January 1, 1947; the Saxon state government had sovereignty over the school until June 1, 1950, when business was controlled centrally from East Berlin . There were 446 students in the 1949/50 winter semester. The restoration of the building on Hans-Grundig-Strasse was completed in 1948. From 1950 to 1952 the machine hall, a boiler house and the connection between the buildings on Dürer and Hans-Grundig-Straße were built.
Technical and engineering schools (1952–1969)
In 1952 the technical colleges were renamed the Technical College for Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Precision Mechanics Dresden . At that time, chemistry was added by the Köthen technical college , while surveying technology became a geodesy school. In the following years there were further renaming; so the institution was called from 1953 technical school for heavy engineering, electrical engineering and precision mechanics Dresden , from 1955 technical school for lightweight construction Dresden and from 1956 engineering school for aircraft construction Dresden. It was subordinate to the State Secretariat for Higher and Technical Education, later to the resulting Ministry for Higher and Technical Education.
This was accompanied by a change in profile: the new focus of training was aircraft construction . At the airport Dresden-Klotzsche who was 1955-1961 VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden , since 1958 the core operation of the VVB aircraft and thus the center of the aviation industry in the GDR . For this, training in the four disciplines of engine construction , cell construction, device construction and aircraft construction technology was necessary. With the end of the GDR aviation industry in 1961, which also threw its shadow on the 100th anniversary of the educational institution on April 17, 1961, the training of aircraft construction engineers came to an end. Nevertheless, the quality of the training at the engineering school had increased, not least because of the high requirements in aircraft construction, and the teaching equipment was also improved. In addition, new buildings were built during this time, especially the new building on Dürerstraße in 1957/58 instead of the previous building from 1901, which was destroyed in the war and whose ruins were blown up in 1949. Among the lecturers who taught at the engineering school for aircraft construction was Hans-Dietrich Möller, who later became a member of the Volkskammer .
In 1960, the fields of mechanical engineering technology, electrical systems and switchgear, and precision engineering were added to the training program. In 1961 and 1963, instead of the aircraft construction engineering training, the specializations technology of electrical precision engineering, electronics and engineering economics appeared. On February 1, 1962, the school was renamed the Engineering School for Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Dresden (IFME) . With the advent of computer technology, the courses in electronic data processing systems and engineering economics in data processing supplemented the offer from 1965 , followed by programming in 1966. During this time, combined distance and direct study was possible at the engineering school. In order to meet the growing space requirements, the building on Hans-Grundig-Straße was increased by one floor in 1964/65. From 1968 to 1970 the boiler house was converted into a gymnasium and the machine hall into a data center . The training of technicians ended in 1968 after more than 40 years.
With regard to distance learning, the educational institution worked in the 1960s with the engineering school for power and work machine construction "Rudolf Diesel" Meißen and 20 other engineering schools from across the GDR. IFME maintained partnerships with several universities of applied sciences in socialist brother countries, including those in Uherské Hradiště (Hungarian Hradisch, Czechoslovakia, since 1958), Wrocław-Psie Pole (Breslau-Hundsfeld, Poland, since 1959) and Budapest-Csepel (Budapest-Tschepele, Hungary , since 1964). In addition, the engineering school had around 30 branches in companies mainly in the Dresden district , including VEB Sachsenwerk , Mikromat , Rafena , Pentacon , Plastmaschinenwerk Freital and Chemische Werke Radebeul .
Engineering University Dresden (1969–1986)
In February 1967 the SED had discussed changes in the higher education system at its IV University Conference. Thereupon the Central Committee of the SED and the Council of Ministers of the GDR decided in 1968 to establish engineering colleges . The first new technical university of this kind was formed on April 29, 1969 from the IFME to the Engineering College Dresden (IHD), whose new focus was information processing and technology. The decisive factor for this transformation was the high concentration of the electronics industry and data processing in the Dresden area and the high level of development at the engineering school. In 1969 alone the three computer science subjects established in 1965/66 had more than 1000 students. You and the other courses were transferred to the technical college department of the engineering college; After the engineering or technical school students had completed their studies, the department was dissolved.
On September 1, 1968, the first 82 students had already started their university studies at IFME. The two founding sections of the engineering college were the data processing system technology section and the information electronics section. The training in the information processing course initially had a standard period of study of seven semesters and ended with the title of university engineer; In 1972 it was expanded to eight semesters and the transition to a degree in engineering. In addition, there were courses in information technology and electronic-biomedical device technology. With this, teaching and research in the field of computer science had been significantly expanded, but at the same time they were also pursued at the nearby TU Dresden.
The data center was redesigned as the first training data center for higher education in the GDR. Together with the “Carl Gustav Carus” medical academy , the engineering college created the medical technology center. A research collective from these two universities received the Rudolf Virchow Prize in 1982 for their special achievements . The engineering college also had close ties through complex contracts. a. to Kombinat Robotron Dresden and to Kombinat Carl Zeiss Jena . With the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute (LETI) in what is now Saint Petersburg , the Dresden University of Engineering had a partnership from 1970 to 1985. a. was expressed in mutual teacher and student exchanges.
From February 1, 1980, the university was granted the right to award doctorates; Upcoming doctorates required a ministerial approval. Eberhard Buzmann was the founding rector of the Dresden University of Engineering . He was followed on October 1, 1975 by Erich Trzeba . From October 2, 1984, Horst Tzschoppe acted as the third and last rector of the IHD .
Further development as part of the TU Dresden (since 1986)
On October 4, 1986, the Dresden Engineering College was merged with the Technical University of Dresden in order to concentrate the training of computer scientists in Dresden at one location. The two information processing sections of the two participating universities of the same name were transferred to a newly formed IT center for higher education with Horst Tzschoppe as director at the helm. With 400 to 500 enrolled direct and distance students per year, this center, which was still located on Dürerstrasse, was the largest academic training facility for computer scientists in the GDR. The resulting computer science faculty of the TU Dresden used the premises until 2006 when it moved to a new building on Nöthnitzer Straße. The buildings of the former engineering college were renovated from 2007 to 2011; today they are the seat of the Dresden State Academic Academy and the Evangelical University for Social Work . Most of the files from the engineering college and its predecessors are located in the university archive of the Technical University of Dresden .
Directors / Rectors
| Facility | Period | Surname |
|---|---|---|
| Trade school | 1861-1862 | Moritz Michael Schmerbauch |
| 1862-1894 | Karl Wilhelm Clauss (1829-1894) | |
| 1895-1898 | Emil Beil | |
| 1898 | Hermann Nitzsche | |
| 1898-1922 | Arnold Kuhnow (1853-1926) | |
| Commercial school Technical colleges of Dresden |
1923-1933 | Dietrich Wilhelm Steinbrings |
| Technical schools of the city of Dresden | 1933-1945 | Wilhelm Heinke |
| 1945-1948 | Hans Lohmann | |
| 1948-1951 | Erich Rieger | |
| Technical schools of the city of Dresden Technical school for mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and precision mechanics Technical school for heavy mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and precision mechanics Technical school for lightweight construction Engineering school for aircraft construction Dresden |
1952-1957 | Helmut Semrad |
| Engineering school for aircraft construction Dresden Engineering school for mechanical engineering and electrical engineering |
1958-1969 | Willy Schulz (1924-2016) |
| Engineering college | 1969-1975 | Eberhard Buzmann (1930–1985) |
| 1975-1984 | Erich Trzeba | |
| 1984-1986 | Horst Tzschoppe |
pupils and students
| Facility | year | number |
|---|---|---|
| Trade school | 1861 | 10 |
| 1863 | 23 | |
| 1864 | 78 | |
| 1866 | 123 | |
| 1868 | 154 | |
| 1869 | 206 | |
| 1873 | 471 | |
| 1893 | 1017 | |
| 1894 | 1211 | |
| 1910 | 1490 | |
| 1914 | 2094 | |
| 1915 | 1400 | |
| Technical schools of the city of Dresden | 1926 | 2494 |
| 1945 | 338 | |
| Engineering school for aircraft construction | 1958 | 971 |
| Engineering school for mechanical engineering and electrical engineering | 1968 | 2610 |
At the beginning of its existence in 1861, the craft school had ten apprentices. Four years later the vocational school had more than 100 pupils, in 1893 even more than 1000 for the first time. The number of pupils rose to more than 2000 by 1914, then it fell by hundreds because of the First World War and did not reach the pre-war level again until 1922. At the time it was renamed as Technische Lehranstalten der Stadt Dresden, around 2,500 students studied at the facility.
The Second World War was the most serious turning point in school history; Classes began in October 1945 in front of 338 students. It was not until the 1960s that there were as many students at the engineering school for mechanical engineering and electrical engineering as there were at the technical schools in the interwar period. A dormitory was built for the students on Gerokstraße in 1970/71. a. the mountain inn "Zum Pfeiffer" in Radebeul served as a boarding school.
The former students of the engineering college or its predecessor institutions include:
- Karl Emil Scherz (1860–1945), architect and local chronicler von Blasewitz
- Richard Schleinitz (1861–1916), architect, building officer and Dresden university professor
- Ernst Noack (1861–1925), architect, court carpenter and state politician
- Emil Demmig (1865–1941), architect and member of the Reichstag
- Kurt Bärig (1889–1968), architect
- Albert Patitz (1906–1978), architect
- Rudolf Eckert (1911–1952), politician (SPD / SED) and trade unionist
- Eberhard Päßler (1918–1979), engineer and entrepreneur
- Heinz Glaser (1920–1978), politician (KPD / SED)
- Heinz Töpfer (1930–2009), engineer and automation professor
- Volker Oppitz (* 1931), finance mathematician, economist and sports official
- Dominik Surek (1933–2016), engineer and mechanical engineering professor
- Manfred Schöneberg (* 1946), chess player and computer scientist
- Uta Windisch (* 1949), politician (CDU), member of the Saxon state parliament
- Rüdiger Weida (* 1951), Brother Spaghettus of the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster , satirist and performance artist
- Christa Reichard (* 1955), politician (CDU), member of the Bundestag
Others
- After 1945 the school had a sponsored child. The boy was since 1946 an orphan and lived in, designed by Hans Erlwein built homeless shelter in Altpieschen .
- Klaus Adam , a former GDR national basketball player , was a member of the basketball team at the Dresden University of Engineering from 1970 to the 1990s.
- After an amateur radio club station was founded at the TH Dresden in March 1956 and the Deutsche Post accepted the 80-meter transmitter it had built in October of that year, there was also an amateur radio club station at the Dresden Engineering College from the 1970s at the latest .
literature
- Hermann Nitzsche: Festschrift to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Dresden industrial school. Dresden 1911.
- Erwin Kunath: Technical schools of the city of Dresden. 1861-1936. Festschrift. Dresden 1936.
- Erich Trzeba (ed.): Dresden University of Engineering, 1969–1979. Dresden 1979.
- Engineering College Dresden (Hg.): From the trade school Dresden to the socialist university. 125 years IH Dresden. Dresden 1986 ( PDF; 11.2 MB ).
Web links
- Angela Buchwald: History and more about the Dresden University of Engineering and its predecessors.
- JohannStadtArchiv: Municipal trade school, later engineering college.
- Silvia Kapplusch: History of Computer Science at the Dresden Engineering College.
Individual evidence
- ^ Angela Buchwald: Computer science training in Dresden - 40 years and more. Dresden, April 22, 2009, accessed on December 4, 2013 (PDF; 2.3 MB).
- ^ Angela Buchwald: Relations between the Dresden University of Engineering and the City of St. Petersburg (Leningrad). Dresden, June 16, 2001, accessed December 4, 2013.
- ↑ State Study Academy Dresden and Evangelical University for Social Work Dresden excellently equipped for the future. Saxon State Chancellery, October 6, 2011, archived from the original on December 5, 2013 ; Retrieved December 4, 2013 (press release).
- ↑ Angela Buchwald: Obituary for Willy Schulz . In: Dresdner Universitätsjournal , Vol. 27, No. 6, April 5, 2016, p. 8 ( online as PDF ; 1.9 MB).
- ↑ Sponsored child of the Dresden Technical College. June 30, 1947. Transcript by Angela Buchwald, Dresden, September 4, 2009, accessed December 4, 2013.
- ↑ Local association S07 TU Dresden in the German Amateur Radio Club (DARC): Club station of the engineering school Dresden ( Memento from December 5, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), dh5fs: History ( Memento from August 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).