Inte

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Inte was the location of a commander of the Order of St. John in the Wesermarsch , north of Seefeld and south of Stollhamm near the Jade Bay . Inte later became a counts' Vorwerk and a manor .

geography

Inte lay between the inlets Heete and Ahne , which existed in the Middle Ages and connected the Jade Bay with the Weser. This made it an island location. Opposite Inte, on the other side of the ancestor, are the courtyards that still exist today with the name of the monastery.

history

Prehistory - The Johanniter in Butjadingen

There were five Johanniterkommende in the Wesermarsch and in the area around the Frisian Wehde : Roddens and Inte in Butjadingen , in the western outskirts of the Stadland Strückhausen and Hoven and Bredehorn on the edge of the Frisian Wehde, which sank in the Jade Bay in 1511 . The Comingians were first mentioned in a document in 1319 in the Groninger comparison between the Frisian Johanniterkommenden and the Commander of Steinfurt . It is likely that the coming of the Wesermarsch were founded around 1300, as the conditions were good at that time. The Butjadinger comers Roddens and Inte were both in a different place before; the relocations were in the 14th century. Roddens emerged from the Kommende Langewick (Langewische) which could have been located west of Stollhamm in the Wisch and Inte from the Kommende Wycklesse . The resettlement from Langewisch to Roddens must have taken place at the latest when the Heete broke through in 1334. Inte followed a few decades later. An act of violence by Count Christian V. von Oldenburg could have triggered the resettlement to Inte: As the Rasteder Chronik reports, Christian V. moved through Rüstringen in 1375 (or 1385) and plundered “the church in Witzale” and the “possessions of St. Johannes ”, that is, the lands of those coming to St. John there. However, he was set by the Frisians living in Butjadingen . Christian vowed to John the Baptist to donate a chapel near the Oldenburg Castle in order to free himself from this difficult situation. The plan worked and the count actually donated a chapel. Since it is recorded that the count then helped the Johanniter, it is reasonable to assume that the count supported the move from Witlike to Inte after the old commander was destroyed. The name of Inte / Innede is from Richard Tantzen the word indiekt returned, so the diking . This name is plausible due to the dyke construction work carried out by the Johanniter.

Jade Weser room around 1362

For those coming to the Order of St. John in the Frisian area, the term monastery is often found , this is quite appropriate in terms of content, although it did not even begin to carry the meaning of the real monasteries of Hude and Rastede .

Johanniterkommende Inte

From an economic perspective, the Johanniterkommende in Inte was basically a big farm. Those coming in the Frisian area had to pay taxes to the religious house in Steinfurt . The taxes were used to finance the general order and its resistance in the late Middle Ages against the Turkish-Islamic expansion in the eastern Mediterranean. For the Order of St. John the Coming on the Frisian coast were in the outermost area. The local Johanniter houses did not play a significant role in the religious life of the regional population. Still, the order was respected for its achievements. An order chapel must have existed around 1420, and the Johanniter also built a stone house with a vaulted cellar, which existed until at least 1666.

By 1500 the Johanniter houses had already passed their zenith. After the Johanniter lost the island of Rhodes and with it their hospital for pilgrims to the Turks in 1522 , the order suffered a loss of prestige. The Reformation further weakened the influence.

Inte as a count's Vorwerk

Inter Vorwerk on a map of the Jade Weser region. The map is oriented to the west. Inte is located in the center of the lower part of the Jade Bay.

The weakening during the increasing influence of the Reformation prompted Count Anton I of Oldenburg in 1531 to take the opportunity to take possession of the scattered lands of the Johanniter of his dominion. At that time the order was already so weak that no resistance has been recorded. It was not until 15 years later on March 20, 1547 that the German master of the order Georg Schilling von Canstatt wrote to Count Anton: “You don't want to occupy the confiscated property of my order for a long time, but instead give it to the Baley of Westphalia by order of the order”, otherwise he threatened a lawsuit with the emperor, "so that the order may come back to his own and be restored". The efforts of the master of the order were initially unsuccessful, but on November 8, 1547, he obtained an imperial mandate. The matter now became a civil case for the Reich Chamber of Commerce in Speyer . The lawsuit followed on September 25, 1549. The conflict was only resolved in 1572, when a settlement was reached in Delmenhorst : the four estates belonging to the Baley Steinfurt, Bredehorn, Roddens, Inte and Strückhausen , were assigned to the count for a total of 5000 Joachimstalers . From then on they were his free allodium . The payment of the sum did not take place until years later under Count Johann VII , who redeemed the country in 1578.

The lands of the Vorwerk at that time comprised 51½ Jück and served to supply the Oldenburger Hof. The scope of economic activities can be estimated using a few figures, for example the Vorwerk delivered 40,673 pounds of cheese in 1624 and in 1631 had a herd of over 300 head of cattle, including 128 oxen and 120 cows.

In 1639, the count's Vorwerk was stopped and the inventory moved to Oldenburg, Ovelgönne and Wittbeckersburg. Instead, it was leased from Count Anton Günther. The first tenants were Peter Hüpers and Aries Sibrant, they paid a lease of 3,300 Reichstaler and 3 Portugalöser . Another part was hired to Hinrich Maeß. After the illegitimate son Anton Günther Anton von Aldenburg was legitimized as "Anton von Altenberg" with an imperial certificate, he received the Vorwerk Inte with 1000 Jück, as a free aristocratic inheritance. At that time there was a stone house with a stepped gable and two stair towers on the Vorwerk , so it was suitable as a possible seat for a nobleman.

A map of the Vorwerk can be found in the Vorwerk Atlas by Johann Conrad Musculus from the 1640s.

The Deichhof manor

After Count Anton Günther died, two thirds of his allodial land in Butjadingen and Stadland was divided up to Prince Johann von Anhalt-Zerbst and one third to Count Anton I of Oldenburg . Contrary to Anton Günther's plans, Inte went to the Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst. It was transferred to the Danish Krone by the Danish-Zerbstian settlement of July 26, 1689. The Danish King Christian V immediately initiated the sale of the land. The land was given away on September 7, 1689 to Conrad Biermann von Ehrenschildt , the Budget, Justice, Chancellery and Landdrosten von Pinneberg . At that time the Vorwerk Innete had 162½ Jück land. It was raised by the king with the name of Deichhoff to a free aristocratic manor. The Abbehauser pastor Christian Closter (1705–1726) reports on the remains of the Johanniterkommende there were “old walls and lots of stones lying around, also old monks' books, bound in pigskin, but torn and tied to the wall with iron chains, which was sold to the highest bidder In the course of the following hundred years, the Deichhof estate was expanded through various purchases until it was 609½ years in size in 1746.

State domain

In 1802 parts of Inte's lands were sold to the Oldenburg State for 24,700 Reichstaler gold. The chamber cited the convenient location as a reason for investment. Because of this, a steady return in the form of a wage is very likely. Peter Friedrich Ludwig, the Duke at the time, commented on this purchase on May 24, 1802: “It seems to me that the location, the separate condition of this property and the exaggerated land prices do not recommend this purchase. On the other hand, however, the very respectable privileges of this property seem to make it desirable to buy it occasionally. [...] “The property was acquired for 24,700 Reichstaler.

reception

Today a work of art commemorates the lost Johanniter coming, it is called the Cross of the Johanniter and inaugurated in 2011. The two artists of this sculpture Bärbel Deharde and Ute Extra have thus contributed to the Invisible Sights Culture Trail .

literature

Web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Richard Tantzen: The fate of the Johanniterkommende Inte . In: Oldenburg Yearbook . tape 42 . Oldenburg 1938, p. 62-83 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Rolf Schäfer / Joachim Kuropka / Reinhard Rittner / Heinrich Schmidt: Oldenburg Church History . Ed .: Rolf Schäfer. Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1999, p. 179 f .; 183; 202; 229 .
  3. ↑ a b c Egbert Koolman: Oldenburgisches Ortlexikon AK . Ed .: Albrecht Eckhardt. Oldenburg 2010, p. 507 f .
  4. ↑ Helene Ramsauer: On the economic history of the Oldenburg. Wesermarschen in the age of the 30 Years War. (A contribution to the theory of the economic landscape) . In: Oldenburg Yearbook . tape 54 . Oldenburg 1931, p. 17 .
  5. ↑ Gustav Rüthning: Oldenburgische history . Bremen 1911, p. 599 .
  6. ↑ Gustav Rüthning: Hermann Hamel man: Oldenburgische Chronicle . Oldenburg 1940, p. 349 .
  7. ↑ Johann Just Winckelmann: Oldenburg peace and the neighboring Oerter war actions . Oldenburg 1671, p. 5 .
  8. ^ Gerd Steinwascher: The Ovelgönner comparison between Count Anton Günther von Oldenburg and Count Christian IX. von Delmenhorst from 1646 . In: Oldenburg Yearbook . Oldenburg 2018, p. 55-73 .
  9. ↑ Nordwest-Zeitung: Artwork STOLLHAMM: A cross in the green land for the Inte monastery. Retrieved March 10, 2019 .
  10. ^ Nordwest-Zeitung: Kultur STOLLHAMM: Information at the push of a button. Retrieved March 10, 2019 .
  11. ↑ www.world-qr.com. Retrieved March 10, 2019 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 29 ′ 39.1 ″  N , 8 ° 22 ′ 39.3 ″  E