Ion Lapedatu

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Ion Lapedatu

Ion Lapedatu (born September 14, 1876 in Săcele , Austria-Hungary , † March 24, 1951 in Bucharest , Romania ) was a Romanian politician and economist . He was Romanian Minister of Finance (1926–1927), Governor of the Romanian National Bank (1944–1945) and honorary member of the Romanian Academy (since 1936).

Life

Origin and family

Ion Lapedatu was the son of Ioan Alexandru Lapedatu. He was a teacher of classical languages ​​at the Greek Orthodox grammar school in Brașov (Kronstadt), today's National College "Andrei Șaguna", as well as a Romanian poet, prose author and publicist in Transylvania .

Ion Lapedatu had a twin brother, Alexandru Lapedatu - historian, politician and president of the Romanian Academy. His father died when he was one and a half years old.

Lapedatu married Veturia Papp, the daughter of the Orthodox Archbishop of Beiuș, in 1907 . From the marriage came a son and a daughter.

Studies and professional career

Lapedatu attended elementary schools in his home community and in Brașov, then the grammar school in Iași and the Greek Orthodox grammar school in Brașov. He then graduated from secondary school and commercial college, where he passed his Abitur with distinction in 1898.

He enrolled with two scholarships at the Oriental Commercial Academy and the Faculty of Law and Political Science of the University of Budapest (now Corvinus University Budapest ) and attended lectures in the seminar for teachers of higher commercial schools. In 1904 he finished his studies and acquired the teaching diploma for higher commercial schools. He turned down the offer of a professorship in Buda and instead returned to Transylvania. Here he was first second secretary of the Transylvanian Society for Romanian Literature and Culture of the Romanian People ( ASTRA ) in Sibiu ( Hermannstadt ) (1904-1905) and then secretary at the Ardeleana bank in Orăştie (Broos). After internships in banks in Sibiu, Cluj (Klausenburg), Budapest and Vienna , he became director of Ardeleana Bank in 1906.

In 1911 he became director and later chairman of the supervisory board of the “General Insurance Bank” of Sibiu, which was founded on his initiative.

In 1922 he was appointed full professor of the chair of public and private finance at the Academy of High Studies for Commerce and Industry in Cluj (today Faculty of Economics and Management of the University of Babeş-Bolyai ). He held this office until 1938.

From 1928 to 1944 he was director, then vice-governor and finally governor of the National Bank of Romania.

In 1936 Lapedatu became an honorary member of the Romanian Academy. During the communist purge of the institution in August 1948, his membership was revoked, but he was reassigned post mortem in 1990.

Lapedatu was also a member of the supervisory board of various companies, including the General Insurance Bank, Bank Albina , the Gojdu Foundation and Sonametan , a company for the production of natural gas in Transylvania, whose assets he acquired from Hungary and Germany for Romania and took over as chairman of the supervisory board.

He also supported u. a. visual artists, schools and various church institutions.

He was also the founder and chairman of the board of a "Veturia Lapedatu Foundation" and chairman of the board of a foundation for the promotion of Romanian journalists in Transylvania.

Late years and death

After the establishment of the Petru Groza government in March 1945, Lapedatu lost the office of governor of the Romanian National Bank. His pensions were cut on the pretext that he had income from his property. Between 1945 and 1948, all of his properties were nationalized. He lived penniless with his daughter's family. After a bus accident in 1947, he was handcuffed to bed. As a result, he escaped imprisonment in May 1950, although the General Management of the Securitate was investigating him. He died after a long suffering and was buried in the Groaveri cemetery in Brașov.

Political activity

Lapedatu belonged to the Romanian National Party of Transylvania, from which he left in 1926 together with Vasile Goldiș and Ioan Lupaș. After 1927 he was non-party.

He took part in the Grand National Assembly of Alba Iulia on December 1, 1918 and voted for the merger of Transylvania with Romania. He became a member of the Grand Romanian National Council of Transylvania and Secretary General for Finance in the Leadership Council of Transylvania, Banat and the Romanian Territories in Hungary .

Lapedatu was elected four times to the Chamber of Deputies and twice as Senator of the United Romania (1919-1931). From 1926 to 1927 he was Minister of Finance in the Alexandru Averescu government .

Lapedatu was also a member of the Archbishop's Synod of Sibiu and the National Church Congress (1917) on several occasions from 1909 to 1920. He was an assessor (advisor) in the administrative senate of the archbishopric consistory (1912-1921) and in the consistory of the Metropolitan of Transylvania (from 1921).

Contributions to the development of credit and insurance

As secretary of the delegation of Romanian banks to the Conference of Directors of Romanian Credit Institutions , he was the driving force behind the founding of the Solidaritatea company in 1907 , which established itself as an “economic council” of Romanian society in Transylvania. It introduced uniform accounting methods and mandatory audits by recognized, external experts. This made monitoring by government agencies superfluous, so that potential tensions between the centralism of the nation-state and the self-governing minorities were avoided.

Lapedatu is considered to be the founder of the insurance system for the Romanians of Transylvania. In 1902 he published the first relevant essay in the Romanian specialist literature of Transylvania, and in 1909 called for the establishment of a Romanian bank for insurance, on the grounds that the institutes in Transylvania stipulated conditions that the Romanian population could hardly or not at all meet . In May 1911, the Banca Generală de Asigurare (General Insurance Bank ) was launched. Lapedatu was appointed general manager, later chairman of the board. The institute became one of the most important insurance companies in united Romania.

To support the agrarian reform, Lapedatu took the initiative in 1919 to found an agrarian bank, which took place with a government decree from 1919.

International work

On behalf of the Romanian government, Lapedatu took part in the International Financial Conference in Brussels in 1920; headed the Budapest Liquidation Commission to handle public and private affairs between Romania and Hungary after Transylvania joined Romania; joined the Romanian delegation to the Reparations Commission of Paris in 1921 to negotiate the distribution of Austria-Hungary's public debts; and represented Romania at the Conference of the Successor States of the Habsburg Monarchy in Rome (1922) and Prague (1925).

In 1936, Lapedatu reached an amicable settlement with the Hungarian Foreign Ministry on the question of the legacy of the Gojdu Foundation , the ratification of which was announced by King Charles II of Romania in May 1938 and by Hungary's Imperial Administrator Miklós Horthy in June 1940. However, it could not be implemented because of the Vienna arbitration award , so the matter has remained open to this day.

In 1928 Lapedatu negotiated the "Agreement on the Settlement of Financial Disputes between Germany and Romania" in Berlin and signed it on November 10, 1928. It was ratified by the Romanian parliament on January 1, 1929 and by the Reichstag on February 8, 1929. As the first economic treaty between Germany and Romania in history, it replaced the Treaty of Versailles as the basis for relations between the two states. The agreement made it possible for Romania to issue government bonds to stabilize the currency a few months before the outbreak of the global economic crisis .

On behalf of the National Bank of Romania, Lapedatu took part in the four conferences of the issuing banks of the Little Entente (Bucharest 1934 and 1937, Belgrade 1936 and Prague 1936) and in the two conferences of the issuing banks of the Balkan Entente countries ( Athens 1936, Ankara 1937).

Journalistic activity

Double monument of the Lapedatu brothers in Brașov, Romania

Lapedatu published 18 non-fiction books and two monographs u. a. numerous studies, general economic analysis as well as articles and columns on economic, social and political issues. His first publications came from his school and student days. As a student, he helped found the magazine Luceafărul (Morgenstern) in Budapest in 1902 and was a member of the editorial team.

From 1904 he began a long-term collaboration with the business journal Revista Economică , where he published a number of articles on accounting, and from 1906 to 1907 was also director of the journal.

Awards

Public honors (selection)

The conference hall of the National Bank of Romania, Cluj Regional Branch, is named Ion I. Lapedatu . His portrait hangs in the Gallery of the Governors of the National Bank of Romania. In 2016, the National Bank of Romania had the Governors of the National Bank of Romania - Ion I. Câmpineanu, Mihail Manoilescu and Ion I. Lapedatu minted . There are memorial plaques with his name. a. at the Romanian Academy, the Romanian National Bank and at his birthplace in Săcele.

In 2019, a double monument by the brothers Ion and Alexandru Lapedatu was erected in Brașov.

Fonts (selection)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ministerul Finantelor Publice: finance minister of Romania . In: www.mfinante.gov.ro . Retrieved February 12, 2016.
  2. ^ Banca Națională a României: Guverneure of the Romanian National Bank . In: www.bnr.ro . Retrieved February 12, 2016.
  3. ^ Academia Română: Members of the Romanian Academy .
  4. ↑ D. Braharu: Ion Al. Lapedatu (1844-1878). Note bio-bibliografice . In: Fraților Alexandru și Ion I. Lapedatu la împlinirea vârstei de 60 de ani . MO Imprimeria Națională, Bucharest 1936, p. VII - XXIII, Internet: pp. 7 - 12 ( memorialsighet.ro ).
  5. ↑ Ioan Alexandru Lapedatu: Încercări de literatură . Ed .: D. Vatamaniuc. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca 1976 ( memorialsighet.ro ).
  6. ^ Academia Română: President of the Romanian Academy . In: www.acad.ro . Retrieved February 12, 2016.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ion I. Lapedatu: Memorii şi amintiri . Ed .: Ioan Opriș. Institutul European, Iaşi 1998, ISBN 973-586-073-2 ( memorialsighet.ro ).
  8. ^ Cronica . In: Revista economică . tape 38 , no. 47 , p. 314 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i H. Georgescu: Ion I. Lapedatu. Note bio-bibliografice . In: Fraţilor Alexandru şi Ion I. Lapedatu la împlinirea vârstei de 60 de ani . Monitorul Oficial, Imprimeria Naţională, Bucharest 1936, p. LVII - LXXIV, Internet: pp. 19 - 25 ( memorialsighet.ro [PDF]).
  10. ↑ Vasile Dobrescu: Un bursier al "Fundației Gojdu" - Ion I. Lapedatu - în sistemul de credit românesc . In: Institutul de Cercetări al Românilor din Ungaria (Ed.): Proceedings of the XIIth Symposium of the Romanian Researchers in Hungary . Giula 2002, ISBN 963-206-866-1 , p. 34–42 ( romanintezet.hu [PDF]).
  11. ↑ a b c Constantin Popp: Ion I. Lapedatu cu prilejul aniversării şi sărbătoririi de la Braşov . In: Revista Economică . tape 38 , no. 47 , November 20, 1936, pp. 307-314 ( bcucluj.ro [PDF]).
  12. ↑ a b Lucian Dronca: Băncile româneşti din Transilvania în perioada dualismului Austro-Hungary . Cluj University Press, 2003, ISBN 973-610-196-7 ( slideshare.net ).
  13. ↑ Consiliul General . In: Monitorul Oficial-Partea a 2-a . tape CXIII , no. 30 , February 7, 1945, p. 675 ( wikimedia.org [PDF]).
  14. ^ Mugur Isărescu: Ion I. Lapedatu și Banca Națională a României . In: Banca Națională a României (ed.): Sesiunea de comunicări a Academiei Române . București 2016 ( bnro.ro ).
  15. ^ Păun Ion Otiman: 1948 - Anul imensei jertfe a Academiei Române . In: Akademos Istorie . tape 31 , no. 4 , 2013, ISSN  1857-0461 , p. 115-124 ( asm.md [PDF]).
  16. ↑ Mugur Isărescu: Alocuțiune în deschiderea simpozionului 'Banca Națională a României în istoria modernă a României' ” . Bucharest April 30, 2004 ( bnr.ro ).
  17. ↑ a b Istoria Economiei Naționale . ( referat.ro ).
  18. ↑ a b c Ion I. Lapedatu: Ultimele însemnări . Ed .: Ioan Opriș. Muzeul Județean de Istorie, Brașov 2006, ISBN 978-973-8424-43-2 ( memorialsighet.ro ).
  19. ↑ Ion Opriş: Fundaţia Lapedatu . In: Revista Economică . tape XLVII , no. 48-50 , December 15, 1945, pp. 173 ( bcucluj.ro [PDF]).
  20. ↑ Dr. I. Lupaș: O binefăcătoare a tinerimii studioase: Veturia I. Lapedatu . Tiparul institutului de arte grafice “Dacia Traiana”, Sibiu 1933 ( memorialsighet.ro ).
  21. ↑ Constantin Popp: Un economist român din Transilvania . In: Fraţilor Alexandru şi Ion I. Lapedatu la împlinirea vârstei de 60 de ani . Monitorul Oficial Imprimeria Naţională, Bucharest 1936, p. 729 - 737, Internet: pp. 175 - 184 ( memorialsighet.ro [PDF]).
  22. ↑ ALBUM MINIȘTRI DE FINANȚE 1859–2019 ( Romanian ) mfinante.gov.ro. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  23. ^ Vasile Dobrescu: Ion I. Lapedatu și reforma sistemului de credit românesc din Imperiul Austro-Ungar la începutul secolului XX . In: Annales Universitatis Apulensis, Series Historica . tape 6 , no. I . Universitatea "1 decembrie 1918", 2002, ISSN  1453-9306 , p. 169-175 ( uab.ro ).
  24. ↑ a b c d e Cornelia Nagy, Toader Ionescu: Ion I. Lapedatu, un economist prezent la glasul vremii . Dacia, Cluj-Napoca 2000, ISBN 973-35-1020-3 ( memorialsighet.ro ).
  25. ↑ DI Herţia: Preocupări de organizare Financiară-economica la Romanii din Transilvania înainte de Unire . In: Fraților Alexandru și Ion I. Lapedatu la împlinirea vârstei de 60 de an . Monitorul Oficial Imprimeria Națională, Bucharest 1936, p. 361 - 372, Internet: pp. 125 - 140 ( memorialsighet.ro [PDF]).
  26. ↑ Vasile Dobrescu: Funcţii şi în funcţionalităţi Sistemul de credit românesc din Transilvania până la primul razboi mondial: studiu de caz . Editura Universității "Petru Maior", Târgu-Mureș 2006, ISBN 978-973-7794-46-8 ( bjmures.ro [PDF]).
  27. ↑ Ion Lapedatu: Teoria asigurărilor asupra vieţii . Ciureu & Co, Brașov 1902.
  28. ↑ Ioan I. Lapedatu: Lămuriri privitoare la Banca de noastră Asigurare . In: Revista Economică . tape XII , no. 46 , November 13, 1910, pp. 421-424 ( bcucluj.ro [PDF]).
  29. ↑ Marin Pop: Marele Sfat Național - Parlamentul provizoriu al Transilvaniei după Marea Unire de la 1 decembrie 1918 . In: Caiete Silvane . November 2008 ( caietesilvane.ro ).
  30. ↑ Cornel Sigmirean, Aurel Pavel: "Fundatia" Gojdu "1871-2001 . Editura Universității Petru Maior, Târgu Mureș 2002, ISBN 973-8084-48-2 , p. 197-200 .
  31. ^ Maria Berényi: Viața și activitatea lui Emanuil Gojdu (1802-1870) . Ed .: Societatea culturală a românilor din Budapesta. Giula 2002, p. 155–156 ( romanintezet.hu [PDF]).
  32. ^ Fundatia Gojdu, Documents .
  33. ↑ Lege pentru ratificarea Convențiunii destinată a regula diferendele financiare existente între România și Germania . In: Monitorul Oficial . No. 1 , January 1, 1929, p. 19-35 .
  34. ^ Law on the Agreement on the Settlement of Financial Disputes between Germany and Romania of February 8, 1929 . In: Reichsgesetzblatt, Part 2 . No. 8 , February 12, 1929, p. 81 .
  35. ↑ Grazian Lupu: The Romanian-German economic relations in the German press Sibiu from 1920 to 1929 . In: XIV International Economic History Congress, Session 44 . Helsinki 2006, p. 16-19 ( helsinki.fi [PDF]).
  36. ↑ Lege Monetara , Monitorul Oficial No. 30bis, 7 Fevruarie 1929, p. 966 ff.
  37. ↑ Viaţa şi opera lui Mitiţă Constantinescu . In: Mugur Isărescu (ed.): Restitutio . No. 4 . Banca Națională a României, 2004, ISSN  1582-7550 ( bnr.ro ).
  38. ↑ Ioan I. Lapedatu: Principiile fundamental ale contabilităţii in Partida Dublă . In: Revista Economică . tape VI , no. 45 , November 5, 1904, pp. 378 ( bcucluj.ro [PDF]).
  39. ↑ loan I. Lăpedatu: La schimbarea de azi . In: Revista Economică . tape VIII , no. 43 , 1906, pp. 381 ( bcucluj.ro [PDF]).
personal data
SURNAME Lapedatu, Ion
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Romanian politician
DATE OF BIRTH September 14, 1876
PLACE OF BIRTH Săcele , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH March 24, 1951
Place of death Bucharest , Romania