General election in Iceland 2016
The 54th general election in Iceland in 2016 was an early election on October 29, 2016. The 63 members of the Icelandic parliament Althing were elected .
Starting position
In the wake of the Panama Papers affair, in which Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson was also involved, opposition voices were raised in favor of a vote of no confidence in Sigmundur Davíð. This initially ruled out his resignation categorically. This was preceded by protests against the Prime Minister in front of the Icelandic parliament on April 4, 2016, in which his resignation was requested. On April 5th, then Icelandic President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson refused to dissolve parliament, which Sigmundur Davíð had requested. On the evening of April 6, the governing parties announced that new elections would take place in autumn 2016; until then, Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson served as interim Prime Minister after Sigmundur Davíð had resigned. The opposition parties announced that they wanted to force new elections in spring 2016 by means of a vote of no confidence, but they did not succeed.
Numerous parliamentarians had announced that they would no longer run for elections. As of August 13, 2016, 16 MPs from all parties represented in the Althing had declared that they were no longer available as candidates. This was already considered a record high number of seats waived in Icelandic parliamentary elections; on August 20, the number of parliamentarians who had given up their seats had risen to 18. In the 2013 general election in Iceland , 13 parliamentarians resigned from their seats, compared to ten in 2009 and only six in the 2007 and 2003 elections .
Electoral system
As since 2003, the six constituencies established in 1999 were elected , in which seven to eleven seats are allocated separately. A further nine mandates are awarded nationwide to parties with more than 5% as compensation in order to obtain a relatively proportional distribution of mandates to the parties.
Parties
The following parties ran for election:
| Party letter | Surname | translation | Alignment | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. | Björt framtíð | Bright future, bright future | left-liberal, pro EU accession | |
| B. | Framsóknarflokkurinn | Progress party | agrarian-liberal | |
| C. | Viðreisn | Reform, remodeling, restoration, satisfaction | liberal, pro EU accession | Founded in 2016. |
| D. | Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn | Independence party | liberal-conservative | |
| E. | Íslenska þjóðfylkingin | Icelandic National Front | right-wing conservative, for direct democracy | Founded in 2016, incorporated into it: Right-Green People's Party . Only ran in Northwestern and Southern constituencies. |
| F. | Flokkur fólksins | People's Party | for the rights of the poor and the disabled | Founded in 2016. |
| H | Húmanistaflokkurinn | Humanist party | left-liberal | Only ran in the Reykjavík-South constituency . |
| P (2013: Þ) | Píratar | Pirate party | Pirate movement | |
| R. | Alþýðufylkingin | Popular Front of Iceland | socialist, anti-capitalist | Did not run in the Northwest Constituency . |
| S. | Samfylkingin | alliance | social democratic | |
| T | Dögun | Dawn | liberal | |
| V | Vinstrihreyfingin - grænt framboð | Left-Green Movement | left-green, feminist |
Election result
Due to the poor result of the Progress Party , which lost 11 of its previous 19 seats, the existing liberal-conservative coalition of the Progress Party and the Independence Party no longer held a governing majority, although the Independence Party not only managed to maintain itself, but now even gained two seats with 21 seats. The four opposition parties, the Left-Green Movement , Píratar , Björt framtíð and Allianz , which had formed an alliance shortly before the election date and agreed to form a government if they were successful, did not receive a majority in the Althing either. The Viðreisn (“Reform”) party, which was founded in 2016 and has moved into parliament with seven seats, was seen as a possible tip on the scales or “kingmaker” . A center-right coalition of the Independence Party, Progressive Party and Viðreisn as well as a five-man coalition of the previous opposition parties and Viðreisn would have been mathematically possible. On the morning of October 30th, however, Viðreisn's party chairman, Benedikt Jóhannesson , had declared a coalition with the Independence Party and the Progress Party to be excluded. While Benedikt Jóhannesson assumed that it would be realistic if his party were given the mandate to form a government, as it had the largest increase in voters as a party not previously represented in parliament, the Chairman of the Independence Party, Bjarni Benediktsson , took it for granted, that this should fall to his party. Bjarni Benediktsson admitted that forming a government would be difficult, but he was ready to lead a tripartite government. He wanted to keep all options open, with his party having the least in common with the Píratar.
Prime Minister Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson of the Progress Party submitted his resignation to President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson on the Sunday after the election . The latter asked him to remain in office until a new government was formed.
As a result of the heavy losses of the social democratic alliance, which was only able to send three members to the Althing, Oddný G. Harðardóttir resigned as party leader. She had only assumed this office in June 2016. Her successor is the previous deputy chairman Logi Már Einarsson .
Government formation
The left-green movement, the Píratar and Björt framtíð had different ideas about the formation of a government. While the left-Greens would have preferred a five-party government with Viðreisn, the Píratar have spoken out in favor of a minority government of Left-Greens, Viðreisn and Björt framtíð, which would be supported by the Píratar and the Alliance without government participation. This should reduce the complexity. According to Björt framtíð's chairman, Óttarr Proppé , Viðreisn should have formed a government.
On November 2, 2016, President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson initially tasked Bjarni Benediktsson, the leader of the Independence Party, with forming a government, which he described as the most viable option. After the independence party's first attempt to form a coalition with Viðreisn and Björt framtíð had failed, on November 16 the chairman of the left-green movement, Katrín Jakobsdóttir, was given the mandate to form a government. She also failed to form a government coalition. On November 25, the president initially refrained from making a third attempt to form a coalition and called on all parties to look for a way out of the impasse. After he had entrusted Birgitta Jónsdóttir , the group leader of the Píratar, with the formation of a government and this attempt had also failed, Guðni Th. Jóhannesson asked the parties to work together again. As of mid-December 2016, possible solutions were under discussion: a minority government , a concordance government with the participation of all parties (a model known in Iceland as þjóðstjórn , such as “national government” or “people's government”) and new elections in 2017.
In January 2017 Bjarni Benediktsson, who took over the post of Prime Minister, managed to form a governing coalition made up of the Independence Party, Björt framtíð and Viðreisn. The composition of the cabinet was announced on January 10th. The coalition had a slim majority of one seat in the Althing.
Nationwide results
| Party letter |
Political party | be right | % | ±% | Seats | ± |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. |
Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn Independence Party |
54,990 | 29.0% | + 2.3% | 21st | 2 |
| V |
Vinstrihreyfingin - grænt framboð Left-green movement |
30.166 | 15.9% | +5.0% | 10 | 3 |
| P |
Píratar pirate party |
27,449 | 14.5% | + 9.4% | 10 | 7 |
| B. |
Framsóknarflokkurinn Progress Party |
21,791 | 11.5% | −12.9% | 8th | 11 |
| C. |
Viðreisn reform |
19,870 | 10.5% | + 10.5% | 7th | 7 |
| A. |
Björt framtíð Bright future |
13,578 | 7.2% | −1.0% | 4th | 2 |
| S. |
Samfylkingin Social Democratic Alliance |
10,893 | 5.7% | −7.2% | 3 | 6 |
| F. |
Flokkur fólksins People's Party |
6,707 | 3.5% | + 3.5% | 0 | 0 |
| T |
Dögun dawn |
3,275 | 1.7% | −1.4% | 0 | 0 |
| R. |
Alþýðufylkingin Popular Front of Iceland |
575 | 0.3% | + 0.2% | 0 | 0 |
| E. |
Íslenska þjóðfylkingin Icelandic National Front |
303 | 0.2% | + 0.2% | 0 | 0 |
| H |
Húmanistaflokkurinn Humanist Party |
33 | 0.0% | −0.1% | 0 | 0 |
| total | 189,630 | 100.0% | - | 63 | - | |
| Source: iceland monitor | ||||||
Results by constituency
| Party letter |
Reykiavik North | Reykiavik South | southwest | northwest | Northeast | south | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4th | 21st |
| V | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 |
| P | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| B. | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8th |
| C. | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7th |
| A. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4th |
| S. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| total | 11 | 11 | 13 | 8th | 10 | 10 | 63 |
| Source: iceland monitor | |||||||
Survey
In most polls before the election since August 2016, the liberal-conservative Independence Party, which has ruled in a coalition with the Progressive Party (rural middle) since 2013, came first, closely followed by the Píratar , the Icelandic pirate party . The Píratar also take first place in several surveys, which they were able to occupy continuously for almost a year until spring 2016. According to a survey by the University of Iceland on October 21, 2016, both the Píratar and the Independence Party had 15 seats each in the Althing. In third place - second in a poll before the Píratar - was the left-green movement in the last polls in October . The values of the other parties were largely in the single-digit percentage range in October, with the Progress Party and the newly founded liberal party Viðreisn receiving over 10% several times. The Icelandic five percent hurdle was also exceeded in the October polls by the social democratic alliance and the left-liberal Björt framtíð (Bright Future).
Survey details in a fold-out table:
| Institute | date | V | S. | P | A. | B. | D. | C. | Otherwise. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallup | Oct 28, 2016 | 16.5% | 7.4% | 17.9% | 6.8% | 9.3% | 27.0% | 8.8% | |
| MMR | Oct 28, 2016 | 16.2% | 6.1% | 20.5% | 6.7% | 11.4% | 24.7% | 8.9% | 5.5% |
| Háskóli Íslands | Oct 27, 2016 | 16.8% | 5.7% | 21.2% | 6.7% | 10.1% | 22.5% | 11.4% | 5.5% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir | Oct 27, 2016 | 16.4% | 5.7% | 18.4% | 6.3% | 9.9% | 27.3% | 10.5% | 5.5% |
| MMR | Oct 26, 2016 | 16.0% | 7.6% | 19.1% | 8.8% | 10.0% | 21.9% | 9.3% | 7.3% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir | Oct 26, 2016 | 16.4% | 6.0% | 20.3% | 5.1% | 11.2% | 25.1% | 10.8% | 5.1% |
| Háskóli Íslands | Oct 21, 2016 | 18.6% | 6.5% | 22.6% | 6.0% | 9.1% | 21.1% | 8.8% | 7.3% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir | Oct 18, 2016 | 19.2% | 6.5% | 20.7% | 7.4% | 8.5% | 23.7% | 6.6% | 7.4% |
| MMR | Oct 14, 2016 | 14.5% | 9.0% | 19.6% | 8.2% | 9.2% | 21.4% | 10.2% | 7.9% |
| Háskóli Íslands | Oct 14, 2016 | 17.7% | 6.9% | 17.5% | 7.7% | 8.6% | 22.5% | 11.4% | 8.7% |
| Gallup | Oct 14, 2016 | 14.5% | 7.1% | 18.3% | 7.7% | 9.8% | 22.6% | 12.4% | 7.6% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir | Oct 12, 2016 | 15.1% | 7.3% | 22.8% | 8.2% | 8.5% | 22.7% | 8.4% | 7.0% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir | Oct 5, 2016 | 12.6% | 8.8% | 19.2% | 6.9% | 11.4% | 25.9% | 6.9% | 8.3% |
| Gallup | Sep 30 2016 | 15.6% | 8.5% | 20.6% | 4.7% | 8.2% | 23.7% | 13.4% | 5.4% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir | 28 Sep 2016 | 12.9% | 5.9% | 19.9% | 3.6% | 12.6% | 34.6% | 7.3% | 3.2% |
| MMR | 26 Sep 2016 | 11.5% | 9.3% | 21.6% | 4.9% | 12.2% | 20.6% | 12.3% | 6.7% |
| MMR | 22 Sep 2016 | 13.2% | 8.1% | 22.7% | 4.1% | 11.0% | 22.7% | 11.5% | 6.7% |
| Gallup | 16 Sep 2016 | 13.5% | 8.8% | 23.1% | 2.9% | 9.4% | 25.5% | 12.2% | 4.6% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir | 8 Sep 2016 | 12.7% | 7.5% | 29.5% | 2.0% | 10.7% | 28.2% | 6.7% | 2.7% |
| Gallup | Aug 30, 2016 | 16.2% | 8.3% | 25.8% | 2.9% | 9.0% | 26.3% | 10.6% | 0.9% |
| MMR | 29 Aug 2016 | 12.4% | 9.1% | 22.4% | 4.5% | 10.6% | 24.6% | 8.8% | 7.6% |
| Gallup | 29th July 2016 | 16.8% | 8.0% | 25.3% | 4.2% | 9.9% | 26.2% | 9.0% | 0.6% |
| MMR | July 25, 2016 | 12.9% | 8.4% | 26.8% | 3.9% | 8.3% | 24.0% | 9.4% | 6.3% |
| MMR | July 7, 2016 | 18.0% | 10.9% | 24.3% | 2.9% | 6.4% | 25.3% | 6.7% | 5.4% |
| Gallup | June 29, 2016 | 15.2% | 8.2% | 27.9% | 3.4% | 10.0% | 25.1% | 9.4% | 0.8% |
| Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ | June 24, 2016 | 17.0% | 9.0% | 28.0% | 4.5% | 9.5% | 19.7% | 9.7% | 2.6% |
| MMR | June 12, 2016 | 15.9% | 7.6% | 29.9% | 2.9% | 11.1% | 22.7% | 9.1% | 0.8% |
| Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ | 4th June 2016 | 16.5% | 7.2% | 28.3% | 3.8% | 11.8% | 23.9% | 7.9% | 0.6% |
| Gallup | June 1, 2016 | 16.8% | 7.7% | 27.4% | 4.0% | 10.2% | 28.5% | 4.3% | 1.1% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir | May 27, 2016 | 18.1% | 6.1% | 28.7% | 2.5% | 7.3% | 31.5% | 5.8% | |
| Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ | 17th May 2016 | 18.9% | 8.9% | 25.8% | 4.8% | 8.2% | 28.2% | 3.5% | 1.7% |
| MMR | May 13, 2016 | 15.8% | 7.5% | 31.0% | 4.9% | 10.4% | 26.3% | 2.5% | |
| Fréttablaðið | May 12, 2016 | 19.8% | 7.4% | 30.3% | 3.1% | 6.5% | 31.1% | 1.8% | |
| Fréttablaðið | May 6, 2016 | 14.0% | 8.4% | 31.8% | 4.0% | 8.3% | 29.9% | 3.6% | |
| MMR | May 3, 2016 | 14.0% | 9.7% | 28.9% | 3.4% | 11.2% | 27.8% | 5.0% | |
| Gallup | Apr 30, 2016 | 18.4% | 8.3% | 26.6% | 5.2% | 10.5% | 27.0% | 3.5% | 0.5% |
| Gallup | Apr 12, 2016 | 19.8% | 9.0% | 29.3% | 5.0% | 6.9% | 26.7% | 2.7% | 0.6% |
| U. Iceland | Apr 8, 2016 | 14.7% | 9.5% | 30.9% | 4.8% | 12.9% | 23.3% | 3.9% | |
| Maskína | Apr 8, 2016 | 20.0% | 7.2% | 34.2% | 5.2% | 9.4% | 21.3% | 2.7% | |
| Gallup | Apr 7, 2016 | 16.7% | 7.6% | 32.4% | 5.6% | 10.8% | 21.9% | 3.3% | 1.7% |
| MMR | Apr 6, 2016 | 12.8% | 9.9% | 36.7% | 5.8% | 8.7% | 22.5% | 3.6% | |
| Fréttablaðið | Apr 5, 2016 | 11.2% | 10.2% | 43.0% | 3.8% | 7.9% | 21.6% | 2.3% | |
| U. Iceland | Apr 5, 2016 | 14.9% | 8.1% | 39.4% | 4.4% | 10.0% | 18.8% | 4.4% | |
| Gallup | April 1, 2016 | 11.0% | 9.5% | 36.1% | 3.2% | 12.0% | 23.2% | 2.1% | 2.9% |
| MMR | 18 Mar 2016 | 9.3% | 9.2% | 38.3% | 4.2% | 12.4% | 22.9% | 3.4% | |
| Fréttablaðið | 9 Mar 2016 | 8.4% | 8.2% | 38.1% | 1.8% | 12.8% | 27.6% | 3.1% | |
| MMR | 2nd Mar 2016 | 7.8% | 7.8% | 37.0% | 4.2% | 12.8% | 23.4% | 7% | |
| Gallup | 2nd Mar 2016 | 10.8% | 9.7% | 35.9% | 3.3% | 11.0% | 23.7% | 5.6% | |
| Gallup | Feb. 2, 2016 | 10.8% | 9.2% | 35.3% | 3.6% | 12.0% | 24.4% | 4.7% | |
| MMR | Feb. 2, 2016 | 11.0% | 9.4% | 35.6% | 4.4% | 12.2% | 21.1% | 5.9% | |
| Fréttablaðið | Jan. 30, 2016 | 9.6% | 9.9% | 41.8% | 1.6% | 10.2% | 23.2% | 3.7% | |
| Gallup | Jan. 2, 2016 | 10.2% | 10.4% | 33.1% | 4.2% | 12.0% | 25.2% | 4.9% | |
| MMR | Dec 18, 2015 | 11.4% | 12.9% | 34.9% | 5.3% | 11.5% | 20.6% | 3.4% | |
| Gallup | Dec 4, 2015 | 11.4% | 10.1% | 32.9% | 3.9% | 12.0% | 24.8% | 4.9% | |
| MMR | Nov 16, 2015 | 9.9% | 10.5% | 35.3% | 4.6% | 10.8% | 23.7% | 5.2% | |
| Gallup | Nov 4, 2015 | 11.1% | 10.6% | 35.5% | 4.6% | 9.6% | 24.6% | 4.4% | |
| MMR | Oct 21, 2015 | 11.8% | 11.3% | 34.2% | 6.5% | 10.4% | 21.7% | 4.1% | |
| Gallup | Oct 2, 2015 | 10.6% | 10.1% | 34.6% | 5.6% | 10.1% | 24.4% | 4.6% | |
| MMR | 3rd Sep 2015 | 9.6% | 10.6% | 33.0% | 5.8% | 11.4% | 25.3% | 4.3% | |
| Gallup | Sep 1 2015 | 11.8% | 9.3% | 35.9% | 4.4% | 11.1% | 21.7% | 5.8% | |
| Gallup | 7 Aug 2015 | 8.9% | 12.2% | 32.3% | 5.0% | 12.4% | 24.0% | 5.2% | |
| MMR | Aug 4, 2015 | 10.2% | 9.6% | 35.0% | 4.4% | 12.2% | 23.1% | 5.5% | |
| MMR | June 30, 2015 | 12.0% | 9.3% | 33.2% | 5.6% | 10.6% | 23.8% | 5.5% | |
| Rúv | June 29, 2015 | 10.3% | 11.4% | 32.0% | 6.4% | 11.3% | 24.5% | 4.1% | |
| MMR | June 25, 2015 | 10.5% | 11.6% | 32.4% | 6.8% | 10.0% | 23.3% | 5.4% | |
| FBL | 19th June 2015 | 7.3% | 11.1% | 37.5% | 3.3% | 8.5% | 29.5% | 2.8% | |
| MMR | June 16, 2015 | 11.1% | 11.8% | 34.5% | 6.7% | 11.3% | 21.2% | 3.5% | |
| Gallup | June 1, 2015 | 9.8% | 12.4% | 34.1% | 7.4% | 8.9% | 23.0% | 4.3% | |
| MMR | May 26, 2015 | 10.4% | 13.1% | 32.7% | 6.3% | 8.6% | 23.1% | 5.6% | |
| MMR | May 4, 2015 | 10.8% | 10.7% | 32.0% | 8.3% | 10.8% | 21.9% | 5.5% | |
| Gallup | Apr 30, 2015 | 10.6% | 14.1% | 30.1% | 7.8% | 10.1% | 22.9% | 4.4% | |
| Gallup | 30th Mar 2015 | 10.1% | 15.8% | 21.7% | 10.9% | 10.8% | 25.0% | 5.7% | |
| Kjarninn | 26th Mar 2015 | 10.2% | 16.1% | 23.6% | 10.1% | 11.0% | 24.8% | 4.2% | |
| MMR | 21 Mar 2015 | 9.0% | 16.3% | 29.1% | 9.0% | 11.6% | 23.4% | 1.7% | |
| MMR | 18 Mar 2015 | 10.8% | 15.5% | 23.9% | 10.3% | 11.0% | 23.4% | 5.1% | |
| Fréttablaðið | 11th Mar 2015 | 10.4% | 16.1% | 21.9% | 9.2% | 10.1% | 28.0% | 4.3% | |
| Rúv | 2nd Mar 2015 | 11.2% | 17.1% | 15.2% | 13.3% | 11.0% | 26.1% | 6.1% | |
| MMR | 19th Feb. 2015 | 12.9% | 14.5% | 12.8% | 15.0% | 13.1% | 25.5% | 6.2% | |
| Gallup | Feb 3, 2015 | 11.0% | 18.0% | 12.0% | 13.0% | 13.0% | 27.0% | 6.0% | |
| MMR | Jan. 14, 2015 | 11.9% | 15.9% | 12.8% | 16.9% | 9.4% | 27.3% | 5.8% | |
| Mbl | Dec 16, 2014 | 11.6% | 16.1% | 11.4% | 16.2% | 11.0% | 29.0% | 4.7% | |
| Fréttablaðið | Nov 17, 2014 | 13.1% | 19.2% | 9.2% | 12.5% | 12.8% | 32.9% | ||
| MMR | Nov 4, 2014 | 10.7% | 16.1% | 11.3% | 18.6% | 12.3% | 23.6% | 7.4% | |
| Gallup | Oct 3, 2014 | 13.0% | 19.0% | 7.0% | 16.0% | 12.0% | 27.0% | ||
| MMR | 8 Sep 2014 | 10.4% | 16.9% | 9.2% | 17.8% | 11.3% | 28.2% | 6.2% | |
| MMR | 28 Aug 2014 | 9.6% | 20.3% | 10.3% | 17.6% | 9.6% | 26.6% | 6.0% | |
| MMR | July 31, 2014 | 11.6% | 17.0% | 9.6% | 19.2% | 11.8% | 24.1% | 6.7% | |
| MMR | June 24, 2014 | 11.4% | 16.5% | 8.3% | 21.8% | 11.4% | 25.0% | 5.6% | |
| MMR | May 13, 2014 | 11.6% | 16.4% | 9.6% | 19.4% | 12.3% | 22.1% | 8.6% | |
| MMR | May 2, 2014 | 11.7% | 17.4% | 9.0% | 15.5% | 14.1% | 25.1% | 7.2% | |
| MMR | Apr 14, 2014 | 11.5% | 15.1% | 11.0% | 17.1% | 14.4% | 23.9% | 7.0% | |
| [1] | 3rd Mar 2014 | 10.4% | 14.0% | 9.3% | 16.4% | 14.6% | 29.0% | 5.6% | |
| RÚV | Feb. 27, 2014 | 13.0% | 16.8% | 9.8% | 15.8% | 15.3% | 23.7% | 5.6% | |
| Capacent | Feb. 1, 2014 | 12.7% | 14.9% | 8.1% | 14.2% | 18.3% | 26.9% | ||
| MMR | Jan. 22, 2014 | 11.0% | 17.1% | 6.9% | 15.9% | 17.0% | 26.3% | 5.6% | |
| Capacent | Dec 24, 2013 | 13.3% | 15.1% | 10.7% | 13.1% | 16.4% | 25.3% | ||
| MMR | Nov 30, 2013 | 12.6% | 13.8% | 9.0% | 15.2% | 15.0% | 26.8% | ||
| Election 2013 | Apr 28, 2013 | 10.87% | 12.85% | 5.10% | 8.25% | 24.43% | 26.70% |
See also
Web links
- Alþingiskosningar October 29, 2016 ( Memento from March 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Website of the Icelandic Ministry of the Interior on the 2016 elections (Icelandic, partly also in English)
Remarks
- ↑ Iceland: Early parliamentary election due to "Panama Papers" Die Zeit August 12, 2016
- ^ Vala Hafstad: President Refuses to Accept Dissolution of Parliament ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . April 5, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
- ^ Iceland: new elections in autumn, head of government resigns. Süddeutsche Zeitung (online), April 7, 2016, accessed April 7, 2016 .
- ↑ Alex Elliott: Government Survives No Confidence Vote ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . April 8, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Jóhann Bjarni Kolbeinsson: Metfjöldi þingmanna hættir á Alþingi ( Icelandic ) RÚV. August 13, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
- ↑ Milla Ósk Magnúsdóttir: Ásmundur Einar hættir á þingi ( Icelandic ) RÚV. August 20, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
- ↑ Framboðslistar við alþingiskosningarnar October 29, 2016 ( Icelandic ) Innanríkisráðuneytið (Icelandic Ministry of the Interior). October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
- ^ Silke Bigalke: Standoff on Iceland . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . October 30, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
- ↑ Peter Mühlbauer: Referendum supporter becomes new Icelandic president . In: Telepolis . June 27, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
- ^ Hans Ulrich Schmid: Dictionary Icelandic-German . 2., revised. Edition. Buske, Hamburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-87548-596-7 , p. 283 .
- ↑ Vala Hafstað: Opposition Parties Find Common Ground ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . October 27, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
- ↑ Jon Henley: Iceland elections leave ruling center-right party in driving seat ( English ) In: The Guardian . October 30, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
- ↑ Viðreisn útilokar ríkisstjórn með Sjálfstæðisflokki og Framsókn á ný ( Icelandic ) In: Kjarninn . October 30, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
- ↑ a b Vala Hafstað: Leaders Disagree who Should Form Government ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . October 30, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
- ↑ chi / sda: Iceland's head of government resigns after parliamentary elections . In: Tages-Anzeiger . October 30, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ↑ Ásrún Brynja Ingvarsdóttir: Oddný segir af sér formennsku ( Icelandic ) In: ruv.is . Ríkisútvarpið. October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ↑ Arnar Páll Hauksson: "Ekki hennar sök hvernig fór" ( Icelandic ) In: ruv.is . Ríkisútvarpið. October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ↑ Vala Hafstað: Left-Greens Prefer Five-Party Government ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ^ Vala Hafstað: Pirates Suggest Minority Government ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ↑ Vala Hafstað: Bright Future Wants Reform Party to Lead ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ↑ Vala Hafstað: Independence Party Leader to Form Government ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . November 2, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
- ^ Vala Hafstað: Left-Green Leader to Form Government ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
- ^ Rudolf Hermann: Formation of a government in a dead end: Is Iceland reaching for a model of concordance? . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . November 25, 2016. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
- ^ Vala Hafstað: No One Given Mandate to Form Government ( English ) In: Iceland Review Online . December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ↑ Sunna Valgerðardóttir: Hvad er þjóðstjórn? ( Icelandic ) In: ruv.is . December 2, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ↑ Paul Fontaine: BREAKING: Coalition Talks Break Down, Pirates Return Mandate To President ( English ) In: The Reykjavík Grapevine . December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ↑ Brynjólfur Þór Guðmundsson: Þetta eru ráðherrarnir í nýrri ríkisstjórn ( Icelandic ) RÚV. January 10, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
- ^ Paul Fontaine: Iceland's New Right-Wing Government To Be Announced Tomorrow ( English ) In: The Reykjavík Grapevine . January 9, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
- ↑ New poll puts Pirates back on course to win Iceland elections ( English ) In: Iceland Monitor . Morgunblaðið. October 21, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Félagsvísindastofnun Háskóla Íslands , the Social Science Research Institute of the University of Iceland .
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