Ivan Beritashvili

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Ivan Beritashvili

Ivane Solomonis Dse Beritaschwili even Beritow , Beritov , Beritoff , ( Georgian ივანე სოლომონის ძე ბერიტაშვილი , Russian Иван Соломонович Бериташвили * December 29, 1884 . Jul / 10. January  1885 greg. In Wedschini, Ujesd Sighnaghi ; † 29. December 1974 in Tbilisi ) was a Georgian - Soviet neurophysiologist , neuropsychologist, and university professor .

Life

The priest's son Beritaschwili visited the Spiritual School Telavi and the Spiritual Seminar Tbilisi. In 1906 he passed his matriculation examination and began studying at the University of St. Petersburg in the natural science department of the physics and mathematics faculty , where he soon stood out for his skills and zeal. In the third year of the course he began to work experimentally in Nikolai Evgenjewitsch Vwedenskis ' laboratory. His research results were published in 1910. After completing his studies in the same year, Wwedenski kept him at the chair as an aspirant . In addition, Beritashvili taught courses in Pyotr Franzewitsch Lesgafts .

On Vvedensky's recommendation, Beritashvili was sent to Kazan in 1911 to learn from Alexander Filippowitsch Samoilow the method of registering currents in nerves and muscles with a galvanometer , which Samoilov had taken over from Willem Einthoven in Leiden in 1904 . In 1914 Beritashvili was again sent to Rudolf Magnus in Utrecht on the recommendation of Vvedensky to learn the techniques of neurosurgery . At the beginning of the First World War he had to break off work there and return to Petrograd .

In 1915 Beritashvili had to leave the University of Petrograd because of a conflict with Vvedensky. He moved to the University of New Russia in Odessa and became senior assistant at the Department of Physiology . Within a year he became a private lecturer . He examined protective conditioned reflexes of dogs according to the method of Vladimir Mikhailovich Bechterews .

After the October Revolution , Beritashvili was appointed professor of physiology at the University of Tbilisi , founded in 1918 by Ivan Jawachishvili . Despite the lack of prerequisites, he was able to start teaching and research in a short time by recruiting and training the necessary staff. He published the first Georgian textbook on physiology (in two volumes in 1920 and 1921), which was followed by the Russian edition in 1922 . He set up a research laboratory as Ivan Romanovich Tarkhanov had envisioned. In 1935 he became director of the Institute of Physiology at the University of Tbilisi, which he headed until 1960. In 1937 he published the Russian manual of the general physiology of the nervous and muscular systems, for which he received the Stalin Prize in 1941 . In 1939 he founded the Georgian Society of Physiology and became a real member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR . In the Georgian Academy of Sciences of the SSR Georgia , founded in 1941 , he immediately became a real member and director of the Academy's Institute of Physiology (until 1951, then scientific director). In 1944 he was one of the founding members of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR .

At the conference on the teachings of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov in the fall of 1950, Leon Abgarovich Orbeli , Beritashvili, Alexei Dmitrijewitsch Speransky , Lina Stern and others were criticized as enemies of the teachings of Pavlov, on which Trofim Denisovich Lysenko relied, and Pyotr Kuzmich Anochin's theory of functional systems sharply rejected. After the criticized scientists were rehabilitated in 1955, Beritashvili placed spatial orientation at the center of his research. 1958–1960 he was one of the founders of the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) together with Herbert Jasper and Henri Gastaut . Later he devoted himself to memory research .

Honors, prizes

Publications (selection)

  • Beritoff, JS: On the fundamental nervous processes in the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. I. The principal stages of the development of the individual reflex: its generalization and differentiation . In: Brain . tape 47 , 1924, pp. 109-148 , doi : 10.1093 / brain / 47.2.109 .
  • Beritoff, JS: On the fundamental nervous processes in the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. II. On the principal cortical elements in the arcs of the individual reflexes . In: Brain . tape 47 , 1924, pp. 358-376 , doi : 10.1093 / brain / 47.3.358 .
  • Beritoff, JS: About the individually acquired activity of the central nervous system . In: J. Psychol. Neurol. tape 33 , 1927, pp. 113-335 .
  • Beritashvili, IS: Les mécanismes nerveux de l'orientation spatiale chez l'homme . In: Neuropsychologia . tape 1 , 1963, p. 233-249 , doi : 10.1016 / 0028-3932 (63) 90018-6 .
  • Beritashvili, IS (Beritoff): Neural Mechanisms of Higher Vertebrate Behavior . Little Brown & Co, Boston 1965.
  • Beritashvili, IS: Preparatory chapter: From the spinal coordination of movements to the psychoneural integration of behavior . In: Annu. Rev. Physiol. tape 28 , 1966, pp. 1-16 .
  • Beritashvili, IS (Beritoff): Concerning psychoneural activity of animals . In: A Handbook of Contemporary Soviet Psychology . 1969, p. 627-670 .
  • Beritashvili, IS: Vertebrate Memory. Characteristics and Origin . Plenum Press, New York 1971.
  • Beritashvili, IS (Beritoff): Phylogeny of memory development in vertebrates . In: Brain and Behavior . 1972, p. 341-351 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Tsagareli, Merab G .: Ivane Beritashvili: Founder of Physiology and Neuroscience at Georgia . In: Journal of the History of the Neurosciences . tape 16 , no. 3 , 2007, p. 288-306 , doi : 10.1080 / 09647040600600148 .
  2. ↑ Doty, RW: Obiutary: Ivane Beritashvili, 1885-1974 . In: Brain Research . tape 93 , 1975, pp. 375-384 , doi : 10.1016 / 0006-8993 (75) 90177-8 .
  3. ↑ Tsagareli, M .: Ivane Beritashvili: His Life and Contribution . Universal, Tbilisi 2010.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Landeshelden: Бериташвили, Иван Соломонович (accessed on September 11, 2018).
  5. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: БЕРИТАШВИ́ЛИ (Беритов) Иван Соломонович (accessed September 11, 2018).
  6. ↑ Александров В. Я .: Трудные годы советской биологии: Записки современника . Nauka , St. Petersburg 1993 ( Гл. 1 accessed September 10, 2018).
  7. ↑ М. А. Аршавский: О СЕССИИ "ДВУХ АКАДЕМИЙ" (accessed September 10, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Beritashvili, Ivan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Beritow, Iwan Solomonowitsch; Бериташвили, Иван Соломонович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Georgian neurophysiologist, neuropsychologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH January 10, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Wedschini, Ujesd Sighnaghi
DATE OF DEATH December 29, 1974
Place of death Tbilisi