Jacques Rouché
Jacques Rouché (born November 16, 1862 in Lunel , † November 9, 1957 in Paris ) was a French editor and opera director.
The son of the mathematician Eugène Rouché was head of the commissariat of the World's Fair in 1889 and was honored for this activity at the age of 27 as a member of the Legion of Honor. At the same time he wrote plays and an essay on reforming acting education. On a trip to Bayreuth and Vienna he studied the stage technology of the theaters there. In 1893 he married the daughter of the perfume manufacturer Piver. He modernized the company and made a considerable fortune.
In 1907 he acquired the Grand Revue founded by Fernand Labori , which he made into an important cultural publication. Authors such as André Gide , Gabriele D'Annunzio , George Bernard Shaw , Jean Giraudoux , Jules Renard , Victor Margueritte , Paul Verhaeren and Alain-Fournier have published here . The critics were Maurice Denis and George Desvallières (painting), Léon Blum and Jacques Copeau (theater), Romain Rolland and Louis Laloy (music) as well as André Suarès (literature) and Gaston Doumergue (politics). Illustrators were artists such as René-Xavier Prinet , Bernard Naudin , Félix Vallotton , Maurice Denis , Georges Delaw and George Desvallières . Rouché headed the magazine until 1939.
From 1910 to 1913 he headed the Théâtre des arts (today Théâtre Hébertot ). Here he performed plays, ballets and operas. As a set designer and painter, he won artists such as Maxime Dethomas , Jacques Drésa , René Piot , André Dunoyer de Segonzac , Georges d'Espagnat , Charles Guérin and André Hellé . For a performance of the Ballets Russes music were Vincent d'Indy , Florent Schmitt , Paul Dukas and Maurice Ravel and paintings by George Desvallières , Maxime Dethomas, René Piot and Jacques Dresa used. Jacques Copeau , Charles Dullin and Louis Jouve worked together for a performance of Dostoyevsky's The Karamazov Brothers (after Gide) .
In 1913 Rouché was given the management of the Paris Opera . He invested 20 million francs from his private assets in reforming the house according to his ideas. On a trip to Europe in 1914 he met Max Reinhardt and Richard Strauss , Konstantin Sergejewitsch Stanislawski , Sergei Rachmaninow , Alexandre Benois and Adolphe Apia . The First World War broke out at the opening of the opera house. a. Performances of Igor Stravinski's Les Abeilles (set by Maxime Dethomas ) and Jean-Philippe Rameau's Castor et Pollux . In 1924 Rouché was elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts .
Between the world wars, the opera premiered and premiered. a. by Albert Roussel's Padmâvatî , Richard Strauss ' Rosenkavalier , Giacomo Puccinis Turandot , Henri Rabauds Mârouf, savetier du Caire , Vittorio Rietis La Tour de feu , George Enescus Œdipe , Maurice Ravel's L'enfant et les sortilèges , Darius Milhauds Médée , Claude Debussys Petite , Gabriel Piernés Cydalise et le Chèvre-pied , Georges Hües Siang Sin and Henri Sauveplanes L'Orchestre en liberté . Furthermore, compositions by Georges Auric , Arthur Honegger , Francis Poulenc , Henri Sauguet , Florent Schmitt , Werner Egk , Manuel de Falla , Gian Francesco Malipiero , Sergei Prokofjew and others were played.
Rouché also brought foreign orchestras and conductors into the house. In 1932, for example, Wagner's Tristan und Isolde was performed with the Berliner Philharmoniker under Wilhelm Furtwängler with Lauritz Melchior in the title role.
During the occupation, the opera came under the influence of National Socialist cultural policy, the operas by Wagner were now preferred on the program (including 1941 under the direction of Herbert von Karajan ). According to the racial laws, Rouché had to lay off thirty employees in 1940, whose salaries he continued to pay until 1942. During this time ballet productions such as Le Chevalier et la Damoiselle by Philippe Gaubert , Les Animaux modèles by Francis Poulenc , Suite en blanc by Édouard Lalo or Guignol et Pandore by André Jolivet as well as performances of the operas La damnation de Faust by Hector Berlioz , Thaïs and Manon were created by Jules Massenet , Faust by Charles Gounod , Samson et Dalila by Camille Saint-Saëns , Mârouf by Henri Rabaud and Le roi d'Ys by Édouard Lalo.
After the war, Rouché was brought to justice, but was soon rehabilitated. He resigned from the management of the Paris Opera and lived secluded in his Paris apartment until his death.
Fonts
- L'Art Théatral Moderne , Paris 1910
literature
- Dominique Garban, Jacques Rouché, l'homme qui sauva l'Opéra de Paris , Somogy, Paris, 2007.
- Claire Paolacci, L'ère Jacques Rouché à l'Opéra de Paris (1915 - 1945): modernité théâtrale, consécration du ballet et de Serge Lifar , Paris, Univ., Diss., 2006.
- André Boll, Jacques Rouché , Olivier Perrin, Paris, 1972.
- Revue d'histoire du théâtre , "Jacques Rouché", dossier special de la revue de la Société d'histoire du théâtre, t. III, Michel Brient, Paris, juillet-septembre 1958.
Exhibition at the Paris Opera
Organized by the Bibliothèque nationale de France , an exhibition dedicated to Rouché was held from June 5 to September 30, 2007 at the Paris Opera entitled “La modernité à l'Opéra: Jacques Rouché (1914–1945)”.
Individual evidence
- ↑ La modernité à l'Opéra ( French ) Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Rouché, Jacques |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French editor and opera director |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 16, 1862 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lunel , France |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 9, 1957 |
| Place of death | Paris , France |