Jakob Nagel

The title of this article is ambiguous. For the Swiss parliamentary envoy, Landammann and doctor, see Jakob Nagel (politician) .

Jakob Nagel (with belt) 1937

Jakob Nagel (born October 2, 1899 in Oberlustadt ; † January 14, 1973 in Nuremberg ) was a German electrical engineer , ministerial official , publisher , inventor and manager . From 1937 to 1945 he was State Secretary of the Deutsche Reichspost .

Training until 1928

Nagel's father already worked for the Reichspost as a country mailman. Jakob Nagel graduated from the secondary school in Landau in the Palatinate in 1916 and then worked for a year in the middle civil service , as the funds for attending the upper secondary school were initially lacking. In November 1917 he was in the First World War as a telephone in the Bavarian Intelligence Division 2 fed, telephone replacement company. After a year at the secondary school in Ludwigshafen , he passed the war maturity test in December 1919 . He studied at the Technical University of Karlsruhe and graduated in November 1923 with a degree in electrical engineering . During his studies he became a member of the Vitruvia Karlsruhe fraternity in 1921 , and later in 1930 a member of the Tuiskonia fraternity in Karlsruhe . From May 1924 he worked for the Berlin AEG as a projection and calculation engineer for electric railways. In May 1925 he joined the Deutsche Reichspost as a post referendar at the Oberpostdirektion Karlsruhe , in March 1927 he moved to the Reichspostzentralamt in Berlin , where he was in charge of the testing and acceptance workshops. He graduated as a technical post assessor in March 1928 .

Worked for the Reichspost

1928–1937: Reichspostzentralamt and Reichspostministerium

In the Reichspostzentralamt under President Wilhelm Ohnesorge he was initially head of the research and development department for telephony, telegraphy and radio, as well as technical quality monitoring. At the beginning of 1931 he became telegraph director (corresponding to the rank of post office ) at the Fernamt Berlin, at that time one of the largest telephone exchanges in the world. In 1932 he joined the NSDAP without subsequently holding any party office. In March 1933 he moved together with Ohnesorge to the Reich Ministry of Post as its personal advisor in the rank of post office, soon afterwards chief post office . In April 1934 he was promoted to Ministerialrat and from 1935 headed Department IV Human Resources with the rank of Ministerial Director . During this time, a number of technical articles and a book on the personnel policy of the Post 1933–1937 fall.

1937–1945: State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Post

With Ohnesorge's promotion to Minister of Post from February 1937, Nagel moved to his previous post as State Secretary; Without care , only Nagel had proposed and, after Rudolf Hess objected to Nagel's lack of service to the NSDAP, he personally enforced it with Adolf Hitler . From October 1937, Ohnesorge relied on the newly created central ministerial department ( Min-Z ), which was directly subordinate to him, for all political questions , and the other departments in the ministry "sank into mere specialist departments". As State Secretary, Nagel had "no political options at all" until 1945. In 1937, without care, Nagel withdrew the representation of the minister through the Hausblatt orders 166/1937 and 167/1937. From this point on, Nagel no longer published on questions of personnel policy. He took over the management of department V (budget, finance, cash and accounting, postal check and postal construction) , expanded to include matters of Kraftpost . In addition, he took over the civil management of postal security . In April 1938, due to the collaboration between the Reichspost and the National Socialist Motorist Corps in the field of motor vehicles and traffic, the Motor Group Berlin gave him an honorary rank, just like Ohnesorge, who was the group leader . Nagel initially received the Standartenführer , in 1939 the Ober- , shortly thereafter the Brigadführer and in 1943 the Gruppenführer. In June 1941 he did his doctorate at the Technical University of Berlin on New Principles for the Planning of Long-Distance Cables to become a Dr. and founded the publication of the magazine Der Fernmelde-Ingenieur , which served the training and further education of the communications engineers of the Post, and the proceeds of which he donated to the social welfare agency of the Deutsche Reichspost . In 1942 he received the Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross . After the armed forces , the SA and the NSDAP were racing to take over postal protection at the end of 1941 , Ohnesorge agreed to work with the SS . As a result, in early 1942, Nagel and other ministerial officials joined the SS. However, a statement from the SD main office obtained from the SS leadership due to their entry accused those who entered that they "only entered the scene in order to protect themselves against vigorous crackdown on the part of the SS leadership for tactical reasons". Nagel “could not show any great achievements”. Nevertheless, Nagel initially received the rank of Sturmbannführer of the reserve as a "technical leader", a year later of an Obersturmbannführer of the reserve. In 1943 and 1944 he also earned income from patents . At the end of 1944, Nagel had to vacate Department V for Ministerialdirektor and SS Brigadefuhrer Willi Köhn , as his previous East Department lost its importance due to the advance of the Red Army . In March 1945, Nagel held back the Nero order with regard to the radio and telecommunications systems of the Reichspost, which ordered their destruction when the Allies advanced; so most of the facilities were preserved for the post-war period. After the ministries had to be split up into a northern working staff in Schleswig-Holstein and a southern working staff ( "Alpine Fortress" ), on April 9, 1945, Nagel organized the southern working staffs in Kelheim for the Reich Ministry of Post under the direction of Ohnesorge (which, however, is located via Altmünster in the Region Bad Tölz sold) and north in Bargteheide under his leadership. In the Dönitz government , Nagel was entrusted with “taking care of the business of the Reichspostminister”. On May 23, 1945, the executive government with Nagel was arrested by British troops in the Mürwik special area in Flensburg .

1945–48: internment and denazification

Nagel was interned in the US internment camps in Butzbach and Darmstadt on account of his membership in the higher service and his work as NSKK group leader (honorary) , but released unconditionally in August 1946 . From the end of 1947 he sought denazification at the main denazification committee in Detmold, which was responsible for the Reich Post Ministry; However, since he left for Argentina in 1948 because of a job offer from the Perón government , the case was treated as closed without a decision . In 1955, several members of the Detmold main denazification committee, who had previously dealt with the case, confirmed that a classification in class III (less exposed) was planned, one member expected a change in the interpretation criteria, which should lead to class IV (followers). Wolfgang Lotz stated in Die Deutsche Reichspost 1933–1939 in 1999 : "Overall, however, Nagel remained in the background, there are no political approaches of his own".

1948–65: private sector

From April 1948, Nagel worked as a technical advisor for the Argentine government organization Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares in Buenos Aires during the reorganization of the Argentine technical news system. At the end of 1952 he returned to Germany and was initially technical director of ATF Allg. Telephone factory in Hamburg ( taken over by DeTeWe in 1957 ), from November 1954 consultant at Felten & Guilleaume Fernmeldeanlagen (FGF) in Nuremberg, where he was promoted to director of sales in November 1956, until he retired at the end of 1965. He died in 1973 in Nuremberg and is buried in the St. Jobst cemetery.

Fonts

Books

• Jakob Nagel, Hans Lampe: The personnel policy of the Deutsche Reichspost in the Third Reich. Berlin 1937.
• New principles for the planning of long-distance cables , Diss. Berlin 1941

Magazines

• The telecommunications engineer (ed.), Berlin 1941–44.

Essays

• The Deutsche Reichspost in the National Socialist state. In: Deutsche Verkehrs-Zeitung . 1935, pp. 211-216.
• 2 years of development work at the Deutsche Reichspost. In: DVZ. 1935, pp. 425-434.
• Social and personnel policy of the Deutsche Reichspost. In: DVZ. Pp. 826-837.
• National Socialist principles of the personnel policy of the Deutsche Reichspost. In: DVZ. 1936, pp. 317-320.
• Lecture on social and personnel policy. In: DVZ. 1936, pp. 494-497.
• Tasks of a National Socialist personnel policy. In: DVZ. 1936, pp. 833-841.
• The tasks of the Deutsche Reichspost in the Third Reich. In: DVZ. 1936, pp. 868-875.
• The personnel policy of the Deutsche Reichspost. In: DVZ. 1937, pp. 177-180.
• Present questions of the German Reichspost. In: Archive for Post and Telegraphy (APT) 65. 1937, pp. 147–153.
• Principles for the design of large telephone networks. In: Yearbook for Telecommunications. Berlin 1942.

literature

• Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 4: M-Q. Winter, Heidelberg 2000, ISBN 3-8253-1118-X , pp. 179-180.
• Wolfgang Lotz, Gerd R. Ueberschär : The German Reichspost 1933-1945. Nicolai, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-87584-915-9 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Su writings.
2. ↑ W. Lotz, GR Ueberschär: Die Deutsche Reichspost 1933-1939. Berlin 1999, p. 93.
3. ↑ W. Lotz, GR Ueberschär: Die Deutsche Reichspost 1933-1939. Berlin 1999, p. 77.
4. ^ W. Lotz, GR Ueberschär: The German Reichspost 1939-1945. Berlin 1999, p. 203.
5. ^ W. Lotz, GR Ueberschär: The German Reichspost 1939-1945. Berlin 1999, p. 27.
6. ^ W. Lotz, GR Ueberschär: The German Reichspost 1939-1945. Berlin 1999, p. 30.
7. ↑ http://library2.lawschool.cornell.edu/donovan/pdf/Batch_15/Vol_CVII_51.pdf
8. ^ W. Lotz, GR Ueberschär: The German Reichspost 1939-1945. Berlin 1999, p. 288.
9. ↑ W. Lotz, GR Ueberschär: Die Deutsche Reichspost 1933-1939. Berlin 1999, p. 31.