Joakim Frederik Skovgaard

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joakim Skovgaard portrait.jpg

Joakim Frederik Skovgaard (born November 18, 1856 in Copenhagen ; † March 9, 1933 there ) was a Danish painter, sculptor and craftsman. It is mainly associated with the design of the Viborg Cathedral .

life and work

Joakim Skovgaard was the eldest son of the landscape painter and professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts P.C. Skovgaard and his wife Marie Louise Georgia Schouw (1828–1868), the daughter of Professor Joakim Frederik Schouw , a botanist and politician .

The father was one of the most important painters of Denmark's Golden Age ( den danske guldalder ) and was close friends with the poet, philosopher and pastor N. F. S. Grundtvig . In the tradition of his father, Joakim was taught painting and drawing from an early age. Skovgaard attended the Copenhagen Royal Danish Academy of Art from 1871 to 1876 , privately supported by the landscape painter Janus la Cour (1837-1909), a friend of the family. In 1878 he made his debut at the Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition (Forårsudstilling) with Faareklipning på Lolland (Sheep Shearing on Lolland). In the winter of 1880/1881 he was in Léon Bonnat's studio in Paris for further studies and was influenced by realism during this time .

From 1882 to 1884 he visited Italy. With a large travel grant from the Academy, he was able to travel to Italy and Greece again from 1886 to 1887, accompanied by Kristian Zahrtmann , among others . During this time came the final liberation from the influence of his father and the interest in symbolism , in Rome he was also influenced by the impressionist approach to painting by Theodor Philipsen .

From 1884 he experimented with decorative ceramics. He designed ceramics for the workshop of Johan Wallmann (1831-1923) in Utterslev (Copenhagen), where he became acquainted with Thorvald Bindesbøll . His designs later became sculptures, some of which he realized in collaboration with Bindesbøll, including the Bjørnespringvandet (1900) and the Dragespringvandet (1904) at Copenhagen City Hall.

In 1891 Skovgaard was a co-founder of Den Frie Udstilling (Free Exhibition) - a Danish Secession - in protest against the access regulations to the established Charlottenborg exhibition. From the 1890s he was mainly occupied with the design of the cathedral in Viborg, for which he realized the entire decoration with frescoes and ceiling paintings in the following years (see below). His last major work was one of 1921-27 the design of the apse mosaic in the Cathedral of Lund , Sweden, with the help of Agnete Varming (1897-1983), Elof Risebye (1892-1961) and Hugo Gehlin (1889-1953). The decoration of two wedding halls in Copenhagen City Hall from 1926 was completed under the direction of his son Johan Thomas.

Joakim Skovgaard was professor of decorative arts at the Copenhagen Art Academy from 1909 to 1921 and its president from 1920 to 1924. He was also a member of the Stockholm Art Academy from 1915 and the Helsinki Art Academy from 1931. He was a knight of the Dannebrog Order . After his death he was buried at the Assistens Kirkegård in Copenhagen.

Viborg Cathedral

A crucial part of Skovgaard's work were religious motifs, such as the pictures Englen rører vandet i Bethesda dam , created in Rome in 1888, and Kristus fører røveren i Paradiset from 1890, originally designed for Mandø Kirke . The monumental painting Kristus i de dødes rige was created in the years 1891–94, and its visionary, symbolic form caused a sensation. This work laid the foundations for the commission to decorate the cathedral.

In the summers of 1874 and 1875, as a student, Skovgaard assisted Frederik Christian Lund in decorating the new building of Viborg Cathedral. It was of far-reaching importance that he came into contact with Bishop Jørgen Swane (1821-1903) and with the architect Hermann Baagøe Storck (1839-1922), who from 1871 led the reconstruction of the church. Since the gray granite walls made the church appear cold, the desire for a painted decoration quickly arose.

In 1890, Bishop J. Swane asked to redecorate the interior of the cathedral after August Jerndorff (1846–1906) had refused the order. From 1895 to 1897, the designs were completed with HB Stork. The impressive frescoes were created in 1901–06, with the help of his assistants Niels Larsen Stevns (1864–1941), Arne Lofthus (1881–1962), Viggo Pedersen (1854–1926) and Povl Jerndorff (1885–1933). The ceiling paintings in the aisles were created in collaboration with Thorvald Bindesbøll . 1911-13 Skovgaard made the oil paintings for the nave. Skovgaard and Bindesbøll also designed the church windows. Skovgaard also designed the eight-light bronze angels in the central nave and a glass mosaic with singing angels in the west gable. The picture program took up scenes from the Old and New Testament. The last motif on the north wall of the choir (Christ leads Adam and Eve out of the realm of the dead) is inspired by a song by NFS Grundtvig (Den Danske Salmebog No. 213).

Joakim and Agnete Skovgaard

“But the one who has accomplished the greatest work that a Danish artist ever did in the last generation is Joakim Skovgaard. As the son of the 'father of Danish landscape art' PC Skovgaard, he is firmly rooted in tradition, linked by many threads with earlier Danish art; but his coloring received strong stimuli from his contemporaries friends, the artists of the open air. His greatest work is the decoration of the cathedral at Viborg, a work that he accomplished with the great participation of all experts. In purely dimensional terms, it is an enormous work; about 2000 square meters of wall area have been covered with pictures from sacred history [...]. He was the style seeker in the time of naturalism, from whom the endeavors to revive the style in the younger Danish art of painting stem from. "

- Ernst Goldschmidt

family

Joakim Skovgaard was married from 1886 to Agnete Lange (1861–1924), the daughter of the Danish botanist Johan Martin Christian Lange, and from 1928 to Dorthea Kathrine Jensen (1887–1974). The first marriage had six children: Peter (1887–1972), Johan Thomas (1888–1977), Eline (1891–1972), Georgia (1893–1973), Morten Christian (1894–1914) and Eskild (1899–1914) . All children were artistically active.

Joakim Skovgaard's younger siblings also took up artistic professions: brother Niels Kristian Skovgaard (1858–1938) as a painter, sculptor and graphic artist and sister Susette Cathrine Holten-Skovgaard (1863–1937) as a painter and ceramist.

Honors

  • 1879: The Sødringske Opmuntringspræmie
  • 1889: Bronze medal, Paris World Exhibition
  • 1892: Eckersberg Medals (Aars Medals)
  • 1893: The Hielmstierne-Rosencroneske Stiftelse
  • 1893: The Raben-Levetzauske Fund

Works (selection)

sculptor

Ceramist

  • 1885: Vase: plowing man with seagulls
  • 1888: Bowl: Eva fristes af slangen (Eva tempted by the snake), Ø 30 cm
  • 1888: Bowl: decorated with sea monsters, Ø 25.7 cm (all) Skovgaard Museet, Viborg

Construction-related work

  • 1895–1913: Frescoes , ceiling paintings and glass mosaics in Viborg Cathedral
    • 1895–1897: Production of the templates
    • 1901–1906: mural
    • 1911–1913: ceiling painting for the central nave
  • 1897: Helligåndskirken Copenhagen - "Maria Bebudelse" (Annunciation)
  • 1912: Esajas Kirke, Copenhagen - glass mosaic in the apse
  • 1910: Skagen Kirke - altarpiece
  • 1926: Decoration of two wedding halls in Copenhagen City Hall (completed by his son Johan Thomas et al.)
  • 1892–1922: Altarpieces and walls, mosaics, frescoes, glass mosaics and paintings in numerous Danish churches, for example in Sorø, Holbæk, Svendborg, Frederiksberg, Ubberup and Odense.

painting

gallery

  • "Dragon fountain " (Dragespringvandet)

  • "Bear fountain " (Bjørnespringvandet)

  • Frescoes in Viborg Cathedral:
    the choir

  • Apse mosaic, Lund Cathedral

  • Helligåndskirken:
    Annunciation of Mary

  • The great supper

  • Christ in the dead

  • Eve and the snake

literature

Web links

Commons : Joakim Skovgaard  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Skovgaard, Joakim. In: Kunstindeks Danmark / Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon (Danish).
  2. ↑ a b Floor plan of the cathedral with the location of the frescoes and photos ( Memento of the original from January 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Hvad er meningen? Choose "DOMKIRKEN"! @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hvadermeningen.dk
  3. ^ Ernst Goldschmidt: Modern Danish painting. In: Art for everyone. Vol. 26, issue 18 (June 15, 1911), p. 410 ( digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  4. ↑ a b Skovgaard families - Genealogy, Skovgaard Museet, Viborg
  5. ↑ a b Joakim Frederik Skovgaard - anetavler for famous danskere
  6. ↑ Charl. Refuses: Joakim Skovgaard: on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. In: Kunst und Künstler: illustrated monthly for fine arts and applied arts. 25.1927, issue 8, pp. 317-318 ( digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  7. ↑ Figure Skovgaard Museet, Viborg
  8. ↑ a b Joakim Skovgaard and his pictures in Viborg Cathedral (PDF) near Hvad er meningen? (Skovgaard-Museet, Viborg)
  9. ↑ helligaandskirken.dk (PDF)
  10. ↑ Image at Wikimedia Commons
  11. ↑ Gyldendals - The Store Danske . See literature
  12. ↑ Figure Den Hirschsprungske Samling ( Memento from February 8, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ Figure National Museum Oslo: NG.M.00346
  14. ↑ Figure Den Hirschsprungske Samling ( Memento from February 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ Image of the State Art Museum in Copenhagen: KMS3141 ( Memento from January 27, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ Photo by Väsk , 2004 (CC BY-SA 3.0)
personal data
SURNAME Skovgaard, Joakim Frederik
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Skovgaard, Joakim; Skovgaard, Joachim Frederik
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Danish painter, sculptor and artisan
DATE OF BIRTH November 18, 1856
PLACE OF BIRTH Copenhagen
DATE OF DEATH March 9, 1933
Place of death Copenhagen