Johann Christian Eberle

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Grave of Johann Christian Eberle in the Johannisfriedhof in Dresden.

Johann Christian Eberle (born May 3, 1869 in Laumersheim ; † December 7, 1937 in Dresden ) is considered the most important personality in the history of the German savings banks . He led in 1908 in Saxony the cashless payments and thus created the basis for the development of institutions and associations to today's Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe .

Family, education and work

Eberle was born as the fifth and last child of a long-established Palatinate farming family. He attended the Progymnasium Grünstadt . From 1889 he studied law and political science as well as philosophy and economics in Heidelberg , Munich and Leipzig . Received his doctorate in 1896 , he became a councilor in the Leipzig city ​​council . There he was mainly responsible for the municipal sewage and lock systems, the municipal property and the administration of the savings banks.

career

Savings Banks

From 1898 to 1919 Eberle was mayor of Nossen and, according to the city's statutes, chairman of the city's savings banks. In addition to the further development of the savings banks, he campaigned for entrepreneurs to settle in the city. The economic crisis of 1907 gave an impetus to the introduction of cashless payment transactions in order to make the money supply of the economy more independent of cash . Eberle had recognized the advantages of a Sparkasse's own closed payment transaction network and proposed the establishment of giro centers as a central clearing house in every state in Prussia. At Eberle's initiative, the Giroverband Sächsischer Kommunen with 151 members was founded on October 5, 1908 ; the actual giro traffic began on January 2, 1909 with the first German giro center, which started giro traffic for 143 giro registers in Dresden. This was not only the first Giroverband deutscher Sparkassen ever, but the start of giro traffic in Saxony was also groundbreaking for the development of the savings bank organization. As a result, other giro associations were founded, and on October 26, 1916, 12 giro associations merged to form the "German Central Giro Association". The importance of the payment transaction function for Landesbanken has increased since 1910 , as they became the central clearing house for the acceleration of cashless payments.

Eberle initiated further associations in Saxony: Kreditanstalt Sächsischer Gemeinde (KSG, founded 1916), Public Insurance Institution Saxony (ÖVA, founded 1919), Landesbausparkasse Sachsen (LBS, founded 1928) and, from 1923 to 1928, 65 liability cooperatives of Saxon giro banks. At the end of the 1920s, Eberle not only chaired the bodies of the five Saxon special-purpose associations of the savings bank organization, but also held the office of deputy chairman of Chemnitzer Girobank KG and a member of the supervisory board of Industriewerke AG Plauen / Vogtland .

In 1916 Eberle played a key role in the merger of the giro associations founded on the Saxon model in other parts of the empire to form the German Central Giro Association. In 1918 he and others founded the Deutsche Girozentrale (DGZ) , which in 1924 helped found the Zentropa , the Central European Insurance Bank AG in Berlin . As the highlight of his nationwide activities, he led together with Dr. Ernst Kleiner founded the German Savings Banks and Giro Association in 1924 , of which he was deputy chairman until his death. In addition, he published numerous papers on the savings bank system.

Promotion of SMEs

In addition to his commitment to the savings banks, Eberle was involved in Saxon medium- sized business policy. From 1909 to 1916 he was on the board of the SME Association in the Kingdom of Saxony, a conservative advocacy group of craftsmen and medium-sized entrepreneurs, which had its zenith before and during the First World War . On behalf of the Mittelstandsvereinigung (Association of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises), from 1913 to 1916 he headed the Submissionsamt he co-founded in 1909 , a service center for medium-sized businesses that advised craftsmen on submitting bids for public tenders and encouraged and supported the establishment of supply associations. From 1912 to 1931 he was also head of the Reichsdeutscher Mittelstandsverband (Reichsdeutscher Mittelstandsverband) , which held three large Reichsdeutsche Mittelstand Tage, but hardly appeared in public after the First World War.

Saxon State Parliament

After Eberle failed in 1909 with his goal of being elected as a member of the Saxon state parliament , he became a member of the German Fatherland Party in 1917 . There he met Wolfgang Kapp , with whom he had already developed ideas for an insurance company before the First World War. After the German Fatherland Party was absorbed into the German National People's Party in 1918 , Eberle ran again in 1920 and this time successfully for the Saxon state parliament , of which he was a member of the DNVP from 1920 to 1930. From 1928 until he left the state parliament in 1930 he was parliamentary group chairman.

meaning

For three decades, Eberle tried to shape the savings banks as autonomous bodies in the sense of local self-government . Promoting his motivation to medium-sized businesses with the help of financial institutions, while business ethics to respect principles, he moved, like Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen , from his strong Protestant faith.

From 1933 he wanted to make the savings banks usable for the National Socialist system after he had been skeptical of the democratic Weimar Republic and reforms from this period. Too late, however, he recognized the true character and intransigence of the totalitarian regime and suffered from its increasingly narrow scope for action.

Commemoration

Dr. Johann Christian Eberle Medal

The Dr.-Johann-Christian-Eberle-Medal in fine gold, the highest honor of the German savings bank system, commemorates Eberle . It was awarded to Albert Heitjans , Hermann Oxfort , Heinrich Austermann , Josef Schürgers , Gerd Wixforth , Bernhard Halbe , Clemens Lindemann , Michael Ermrich , Alfons Galette , Günter Cronau , Werner Stump , Holger Müller , Franz Josef Kayser , Rolf Gerlach , Adolf Gandner and Wally Feiden .

Eberle Butschkau Foundation

Eberle is the sponsor of the Eberle Butschkau Foundation , the student support program of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe.

Honorary citizen of Nossen

Eberle was made an honorary citizen of the city of Nossen for his services as mayor .

Fonts

  • Johann Christian Eberle: Dr. Eberle speaks . Writings, speeches, essays on the renewal of the savings banks. Deutscher Sparkassenverlag, Stuttgart 1959.
  • Johann Christian Eberle: The appropriate price . A proposal to reform the submission system from Mayor Dr. Eberle, member of the submission office of the SME Association in the Kingdom of Saxony. 3rd edition, Leipzig 1912.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Christian Eberle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 200th anniversary of the Progymnasium Grünstadt , list of still living students, Riedel Verlag, Grünstadt, 1929, p. 6
  2. ^ A b Hans Pohl, Economy, Enterprises, Credit System , Social Problems , Volume 1, 2005, pp. 979f.
  3. ↑ Hans Pohl, Economy, Business, Credit System, Social Problems , Volume 1, 2005, p. 972.
personal data
SURNAME Eberle, Johann Christian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician and Sparkasse functionary
DATE OF BIRTH May 3, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Laumersheim
DATE OF DEATH December 7, 1937
Place of death Dresden