Joomla
Joomla
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Joomla! 3.8.1 / 2 Screenshot of the administrator page |
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Basic data
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developer | Joomla! Leadership team |
Publishing year | August 17, 2005 |
Current version | 3.9.20 (July 14, 2020) |
operating system | cross-platform |
programming language | PHP |
category | Web content management system |
License | GNU GPL v2 ( Free Software ) |
German speaking | Yes |
www.joomla.org |
Joomla ([ ʤuːm.lə ]; ) ( spelling : Joomla! ) Is a free content management system (CMS) for creating websites .
Joomla is under the GNU General Public License . It is written in PHP and uses object-oriented programming (OOP) (from version 1.0), design patterns , stores data in a MySQL , Microsoft SQL Server (from version 2.5) or PostgreSQL (from version 3.0) database and includes functions such as B. Cache , RSS feeds , printable versions of pages, news flashes, blogs , search and support for language internationalization .
Joomla! has been downloaded over 100 million times. Over 8,000 free and commercial extensions are available in the official Joomla! Extensions Directory available, others are available from other sources.
Together with WordPress , TYPO3 and Drupal , it is one of the best known and most widely used open source content management systems. Historically, Joomla emerged from the open source project Mambo .
The essence and purpose of Joomla
Joomla is primarily used to create websites with changeable, i. H. dynamic content that can be edited by several people without in-depth knowledge of website creation. A strict distinction is made between three levels within Joomla: the functional structure, the actual page content and the layout .
Setting up the functional structure, often referred to by the English term management , is time-consuming and requires profound knowledge. As a result, it is often in the hands of an appropriately trained individual called an administrator . This must install Joomla on a web server , usually an Apache web server , and a MySQL database server is required. Usually a complete package like XAMPP is downloaded and a virtual web server is installed on a local computer. Then the desired Joomla package can be downloaded and made executable offline . Only the completely set up website is then uploaded to a web server .
The page content, in English content , can now be entered by any number of authors using an easy-to-use editor such as TinyMCE . The editor can be called up using a web browser so that the authors can enter their content from anywhere with internet access . The administrator can define individual access and writing rights for each author and each content via user management . This makes it possible that some authors, for example, can only influence the content, others also the underlying functional structure. In order to determine the identity of the authors, the access is protected by a password . Unlike when creating static websites, the authors do not have to speak any languages such as HTML and CSS . Thanks to the use of JavaScript, the posts look almost exactly the same as they are created later in the visitor's web browser ( WYSIWYG principle).
The term content management system (CMS) , which is customary for such software, is derived from the two mentioned English terms content and management .
The layout is designed using so-called templates , which give the website a uniform visual appearance regardless of structure and content. The templates can easily be changed by the administrator, which fundamentally changes the appearance of the website with the same content. Since the production of templates is relatively complex, they are usually made by third parties. There are a number of free templates whose color can be adapted to the needs of the user, but the results of these pages are noticeably similar. There are also commercial manufacturers of templates, but their more individual products - in contrast to Joomla - are chargeable.
For small and manageable websites with few sub-pages and largely unchangeable content, which are also only maintained by a single person, content management systems are unsuitable because of their complexity and the higher requirements placed on the server hardware. A website builder or a simple CMS is better suited for such tasks . A stripped-down and therefore clearer version of Joomla is neither available nor planned nor adjustable within the program.
Advantages of Joomla are:
- User-friendly operation
- Easily expandable through various components, modules and plugins
- Flexible and therefore easy to modernize design
- Valid HTML and CSS (at least in the standard templates)
history
After considerable differences with the Australian company Miro, which owned the naming rights to Mambo, the majority of the developers involved in the Mambo project at that time said goodbye to Mambo on August 17, 2005. In order to be able to develop the system further, the code from Mambo 4.5.2.3 was taken over into a new project called Joomla and developed further to Joomla 1.0.x (stable).
The development team created a site called OpenSourceMatters to provide information to users, developers, web designers and the community. The team leader at the time, Andrew "MasterChief" Eddie, who briefly left the project and returned on August 15, 2007, wrote an open letter to the community that was also posted on the public forum at mamboserver.com.
On September 1st, 2005, Joomla! a new Mambo version announced. Joomla is the English spelling of the Swahili word jumla , which means “all together” or “as a whole”.
Joomla 1.0.0 corresponds to Mambo, which has only been supplemented by a few extensions. In the further course of 2005, it was agreed to completely separate from the Mambo roots and to develop a completely new CMS.
The development of the new version, which is versioned with 1.5, took more than two years. In the meantime, version 1.0 has been further developed. On January 22nd, 2008 the first stable version of Joomla 1.5 was officially released after a few RC versions.
Joomla is open source. This development philosophy is very important to Joomla developers, which is why the official slogan "... because open source matters" is used. In the meantime, Joomla is used for tens of thousands of websites of all kinds worldwide. Joomla is with almost 11% market share - after WordPress with around 47% and TYPO3 with around 11% market share - one of the most used CMS in Germany. Joomla has a strong user community that actively supports its members. There are also companies in German-speaking countries that offer commercial support and develop professionally.
Joomla won the English Packt Publishing Open Source Content Management System Award in 2006 in the Overall Winner category and in 2007 in the Best PHP Open Source Content Management System category.
Major versions
Legend: | Older version; no longer supported | Older version; still supported | Current version | Current preliminary version | Future version |
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version | Minor version | Code name | publication( a ) | End of life | Most important changes |
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1.0 | 1.0 | 19 Sep 2005 | 07/2009 | Continuation of Mambo with new features, bug fixes and security gaps | |
1.0.15 | Daytime | Feb 22, 2008 | Security and stability update | ||
1.5 | 1.5.0 | Khepri | Jan. 22, 2008 | 09/2012 | Separation of layout and source text, search engine optimization, full text search, caching mechanisms, language settings, integration of Ajax functions with the MooTools framework, long-term support |
1.5.26 | senu takaa ama busani | 27 Mar 2012 | 26. Security and stability update | ||
1.6 | 1.6.0 | Jan. 10, 2011 | 08/2011 | User management system, menu languages, unlimited category depth | |
1.6.6 | Jul 26, 2011 | Fixed an XSS vulnerability | |||
1.7 | 1.7.0 | 19 Jul 2011 | 02/2012 | Security patches | |
1.7.5 | Feb 2, 2012 | Security patches | |||
2.5 | 2.5.0 | Jan. 24, 2012 | 12/2014 | Faster page structure, improved search function, simplified update function, integration of Captcha long-term support |
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2.5.28 | Dec 10, 2014 | Bug fixes | |||
3.0 | 3.0.0 | 27 Sep 2012 | 05/2013 |
Bootstrap , Simplified installation, improved multilingualism beta version for developers of Joomla 3.5 |
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3.0.3 | Feb 4, 2013 | Beta version for developers of Joomla 3.5 | |||
3.1 | 3.1.0 | Apr 24, 2013 | 10/2013 | Day system | |
3.1.6 | Nov 6, 2013 | Security patches | |||
3.2 | 3.2.0 | Nov 6, 2013 | 10/2014 | Security patches | |
3.2.3 | 6th Mar 2014 | Security and bug fix update | |||
3.3 | 3.3.6 | Oct. 1, 2014 | Bug fixes | ||
3.4 | 3.4.0 | Feb. 24, 2015 | More powerful microdata implementation, completion of module editing via frontend, composer integration in the CMS, leaner CMS core without com_weblinks | ||
3.4.8 | Dec 24, 2015 | Bug fixes | |||
3.5 | 3.5 | 22 Mar 2016 | Support of PHP 7, automatic e-mail notification for administrators in the event of updates, insertion of images into articles via drag and drop , display of an article and category counter in overview pages | ||
3.5.1 | Apr 5, 2016 | Bug fixes | |||
3.6 | 3.6 | Jul 12, 2016 | Innovations and improvements | ||
3.6.5 | Dec 13, 2016 | Critical security patch | |||
3.7 | 3.7.1 | 17th May 2017 | Routing, Custom Fields and Associations Manager improvements, critical security patch | ||
3.8 | 3.8.0 | 19 Sep 2017 | New routing system, Joomla! 4 Compatibility Layer, Improved Sample Data Installation, Sodium Encryption Support | ||
3.8.13 | Oct 9, 2018 | Security patches and bug fixes | |||
3.9 | 3.9.0 | Oct. 30, 2018 | Privacy Tool Suite (Various improvements regarding data protection, deletion and export of user data) | ||
3.9.1 | Nov 27, 2018 | Bug fixes and a. with the Privacy Tool Suite | |||
3.9.2 | Jan 15, 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.3 | Feb 12, 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.4 | March 12, 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.5 | 9 Apr 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.6 | May 8, 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.7 | Jun 11, 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.8 | Jun 11, 2019 | Troubleshooting | |||
3.9.9 | 9 Jul 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.10 | 10 Jul 2019 | Fixed a bug on multilingual websites in version 3.9.9 | |||
3.9.11 | 13 Aug 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.12 | Sep 24 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.13 | Nov. 5, 2019 | Bug fixes and security updates | |||
3.9.14 | 17th Dec 2019 | Bug fixes, security updates and improvements | |||
3.9.15 | Jan 28, 2020 | Bug fixes, security updates and improvements | |||
3.9.16 | March 10, 2020 | Bug fixes, security updates and improvements | |||
3.9.17 | Apr 21, 2020 | Bug fixes, security updates and improvements | |||
3.9.18 | Apr 21, 2020 | Fixed a bug with tags in version 3.9.17 that resulted in a 404 page | |||
3.9.19 | Jun 02, 2020 | Bug fixes, security updates and improvements | |||
3.9.20 | Jul 14, 2020 | Bug fixes, security updates and improvements | |||
3.10 | LTS | 2020 | Last planned minor version number of the Joomla! 3.x series and long-term support | ||
4.0 | 4.0 alpha | Nov 17, 2017 | Trial version for developers | ||
4.0 beta | May 30, 2020 | Version for troubleshooting and for developers of plugins |
Versions
Version 1.0.x
Version 1.0.0 was released on September 19, 2005. Features were the correction of bugs and security holes and the support of MySQL 4.1. Branch 1.0 support and further development officially ended on July 22, 2009.
Version 1.5.x
On January 22nd, 2008 the first stable release of Joomla 1.5 was published on the official project website. The publication was codenamed Khepri , after the ancient Egyptian deity of the same name who embodied the sunrise.
Version 1.5 represents a leap in development for the CMS Joomla. While the source code of the 1.0x series was still based on Mambo, version 1.5 is basically a new CMS. Because of the new structure of version 1.5, it is often referred to as a so-called framework . The code was designed to be completely object-oriented and the components follow the model-view-controller design principle. Accordingly, a new API is available to component developers to develop their own extensions for Joomla. Although the framework was written in the object-oriented version PHP 5, Joomla 1.5 is also partially downward compatible with version 4. Nevertheless, PHP 5 is recommended for operation, as Joomla 1.5 runs significantly faster and more stable with this version.
Selected properties
- Strict separation of layout / design and functional source code with the model-view-controller design principle
- Search engine optimization - Joomla can generate human and machine readable URLs ( e.g. for search engines )
- Built-in full text search function
- Built-in caching mechanisms ensure better performance
- Numerous templates allow extensive customization of the layout
- Language settings (also multilingual sites) with the help of localization data
- Connection to LDAP server / authentication
- Connection to OpenID server / authentication
- Integration of Ajax features with the JavaScript framework MooTools
Version 1.6
Version Joomla 1.6 was released on January 10th, 2011. Joomla 1.6 is finally ending support for PHP 4, so the system requirements have been increased to PHP 5.2 and higher. One of the new main features in version 1.6 is an extensive rights system based on an access control list . In addition, an unlimited hierarchical categorization was introduced and the simplified division from Joomla 1.5 into areas and categories was replaced. The category depth can be expanded as required and articles can be classified in a more structured manner.
With Joomla 1.6, Joomla will be expanded by numerous new features. Since the partially rewritten framework of version 1.6 is not completely based on that of Joomla 1.5, an update from earlier versions to 1.6 was not recommended.
Version 3.0
Version 3.0 of Joomla, released on September 27, 2012, focuses primarily on the mobile use of the CMS and the support of so-called responsive web design . For example, the WYSIWYG editor has been adapted so that it can also be used well on the small screen of a smartphone. In addition, a new template called Protostar was introduced, which adapts flexibly to the size of the available screen.
Version 3.6
With version 3.6, released on July 12, 2016, the user guidance in the backend has been improved, modules and menu items are easier to find. Categories can be created when creating a new post. In total, over 400 changes have been made to Joomla, including new and expanded functions for developers.
Extensions
Many users have created extensions (modules and components) for Joomla, which they make available to the user community mostly free of charge - for example an online shop solution with VirtueMart . In this way, Joomla offers a considerable range of functions that practically covers all common applications. In addition to the advantages, however, it is precisely these extensions that have repeatedly caused security problems in the past, so that the user should exercise a certain degree of caution (see section Security ). In addition to the free extensions, there are also some commercial products for Joomla, which, however, are controversial in terms of licensing.
A distinction is made between plugins, components, modules and templates: Plugins change the program code of Joomla !, components add additional functionalities, modules display data from the Joomla!
Joomla User Groups (JUGs)
The so-called JUGs are local groups of Joomla users and developers who meet regularly to exchange information about Joomla, to plan projects (e.g. workshops) and of course to get to know each other and thus the social component of open source -Software to maintain. JUGs are currently (as of March 2019) in the cities of Augsburg , Berlin , Böblingen , Dresden , Freiburg im Breisgau , Friedrichshafen , Fulda , Gifhorn , Hamburg , Hanover , Im Pott , Karlsruhe , Koblenz , Cologne , Landshut , Lübeck , Munich , Nuremberg , Rhein Main , Sauerland , Stuttgart , Wolfenbüttel , as well as in Switzerland and Austria .
Name and logo
The name Joomla (English phonetic transcription) is derived from the word "Jumla" from the Swahili language and originally comes from the Arabic جُمْلَة. It means something like "the whole" or "as a whole" and thus emphasizes the role of the developer community ( community ).
The official logo consists of the logo image and the Joomla lettering. The logo image represents the union of the Joomla community. It is made up of four J turned towards each other . The Joomla logo is not copyright-free and may only be used under certain conditions. In most cases, changing the logo is not permitted. The logo may then be used in publications if they adhere to the color scheme specified by Joomla.
safety
Due to the popularity and known security problems, Joomla installations are repeatedly the target of attacks, especially in the form of so-called defacements . According to an IBM study from 2008, however, the number of security gaps in web applications has generally increased drastically, so that in principle all systems are affected by this problem.
There is a special department in the Joomla development team that only takes care of finding bugs and is called "Bug Squad". Above all, the numerous third-party components cause an increased security risk, which is exploited by hackers. Some of these extensions require very extensive rights on the server, which are usually not explicitly listed. Programming-related security deficiencies, on the other hand, are rare and are usually rectified very quickly. Users can find help in the respective online community to keep their system up to date. However, many - especially private - users neglect the maintenance of a website and are not aware of the resulting problems.
In a separate English wiki, basic security tips for the safe operation of Joomla are given.
Development cycle
Joomla adopted a new development strategy with the introduction of 1.6. The basic idea is the continuous publication of the Standard Support Release (SSR). As a result, user requests should be incorporated into the Joomla core more quickly and stabilized live in favor of future publications. Many users are critical of the rapid change between major releases, especially if complex applications have been developed for a Joomla website and the creator has to update the core in order to receive the latest security updates.
On April 25, 2014, the developers announced that the previous system consisting of different LTR (Long Term Release) and STR (Short Term Release) version tracks would be abandoned in favor of a linear version cycle. The first release after this change was version 3.3.1.
Community
Joomla has one official and many unofficial communities. The official Joomla forum contained more than 3.2 million contributions from over 730,000 registered members in April 2019. Unofficial websites are published in many languages, mostly with Joomla extensions that are region-specific. Bidirectional text support for Hebrew and Arabic, for example, is often found in third-party community portals . Unofficial web developers also program extensions and templates for commercial sales and offer individual customization services on a freelance basis. Usually a template is published in a zip file that can be installed with the help of the integrated Joomla installation program.
literature
Joomla 3.x
- David Jardin and Elisa Foltyn: Joomla! 3: Professional web development. Current to version 3.7 (incl. E-commerce) . Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, ISBN 978-3-446-44015-9 .
- Richard Eisenmenger : Joomla! 3: The comprehensive manual. Current to version 3.4 . Rheinwerk Computing, ISBN 978-3-8362-3711-6 .
- Daniel Koch: Start successfully with Joomla! 3 . Data Becker 2013, ISBN 978-3-8158-4000-9 .
- André Wösten: Joomla! 3 - The comprehensive training. DVD video training. Galileo Press 2013, ISBN 978-3-8362-2025-5 .
- Alexander Schmidt, Andreas Lehr: Templates for Joomla! 2.5 and 3.X - design and implementation . Franzis Verlag , 2012.
Joomla 2.5
- Hagen Graf: Joomla! 2.5 - A beginner's book . cocoate Verlag, Fitou 2012
- Daniel Koch: The big book: Joomla! 2.5 . Data Becker, Düsseldorf 2012, ISBN 978-3-8158-3111-3 .
- Christiane Maier-Stadtherr, René Serradeil and Axel Tüting: Developing Joomla! Extensions: Programming your own components, modules and plug-ins . Franzis Verlag, Poing 2012, ISBN 978-3-645-60134-4 .
- Axel Tüting: Create websites with Joomla! 2.5 - All Features - Templates - SEO . Franzis Verlag, Poing 2012, ISBN 978-3-645-60164-1 .
- André Wösten: Joomla! 2.5 - The comprehensive training. DVD video training. Galileo Press 2013, ISBN 978-3-8362-1916-7 .
- David Jardin: Joomla! 2.5: Professional web development . Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 2013, ISBN 978-3-446-43086-0 .
Joomla 1.0
- Alexander Schmidt: Joomla! Templates - design and implementation . Franzis Verlag , 2009, ISBN 978-3-7723-7356-5 .
- Alexander Schmidt, Andreas Lehr: Templates for Joomla! 1.6 and 1.7 - design and implementation . Franzis Verlag , 2010, ISBN 978-3-645-60073-6 .
- Alex Kempkens: The Joomla! (1.0) Developer's Guide. (Open Source Library) . Addison-Wesley, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8273-2323-1 .
- Anja Ebersbach, Markus Glaser, Radovan Kubani: Joomla! (1.0) The manual for beginners . Galileo Computing, 2006, ISBN 3-89842-632-7 . ( readable online and available for download ( ZIP ; 20.1 MB) - June 28, 2006)
- Tobias Hauser, Christian Wenz: Joomla! and mambo. Use and expand open source CMS . Hanser Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-446-40690-5 .
- Hagen Graf: Joomla! (1.0) Organize and design websites with the open source CMS . Addison-Wesley, 2005, ISBN 978-3-8273-2344-6 .
Web links
- Official website (English)
- Joomla - Germany , Joomla - Austria and Joomla - Switzerland
- Link catalog about Joomla! and Mambo at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- WikiProject
- Official YouTube channel of Joomla (english)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Joomla! Leadership Team at joomla.org, accessed on March 22, 2016.
- ↑ a b Joomla 3.9.20 release. Retrieved July 16, 2020 .
- ↑ Google Trends. Retrieved April 19, 2017 (English).
- ↑ Usage of content management systems for websites. Retrieved April 19, 2017 (English).
- ^ Andrew Eddie: Mambo Open Source Development Team - Letter to the Community. OpenSourceMatters, August 17, 2005, accessed October 17, 2011 .
- ↑ Joomla! the book . (PDF; 1.1 MB) Retrieved October 17, 2011 . - What Joomla is all about.
- ↑ Publishing tool statistics web servers placed in Germany. Retrieved May 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla! 1.7 Alpha Released. joomla.org, June 6, 2011, accessed October 17, 2011 .
- ↑ developer.joomla.org
- ↑ Joomla 3.0.2 Released. joomla.org, November 8, 2012, accessed March 31, 2013 .
- ↑ Joomla! 3.0.3 and 2.5.9 published - text 01. joomla.de, April 26, 2013, archived from the original on June 7, 2013 ; Retrieved September 23, 2013 .
- ↑ Joomla! 3.0.3 and 2.5.9 published - text 02. joomla.de, April 26, 2013, archived from the original on June 7, 2013 ; Retrieved September 23, 2013 .
- ↑ Joomla! 3.1.0 to Release on April 24. Accessed April 14, 2013 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.1.0 Released. joomla.org, April 24, 2013, accessed May 30, 2013 .
- ↑ Joomla! Release News. Retrieved October 18, 2013 .
- ↑ Joomla! 3.5.1 Released. In: joomla.org. Open Source Matters Inc., April 5, 2016, accessed April 10, 2016 .
- ↑ Technical requirements (English). Retrieved February 26, 2016 .
- ↑ Number Shifting version. Retrieved May 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Joomla! 3.6.5 Released. Retrieved December 14, 2016 .
- ↑ Joomla! 3.8.13 Release. Retrieved October 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.1 release. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.2 release. Retrieved January 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.3 release. Retrieved February 12, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.4 release. Retrieved March 12, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.5 release. Retrieved April 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.6 release. Retrieved May 8, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.7 release. Retrieved June 11, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.8 release. Retrieved June 12, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.9 release. Retrieved July 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.10 release. Retrieved July 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.11 release. Retrieved August 13, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.12 release. Retrieved September 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.13 release. Retrieved November 5, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.14 release. Retrieved December 18, 2019 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.15 release. Retrieved January 28, 2020 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.16 release. Retrieved March 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.17 release. Retrieved April 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.18 release. Retrieved April 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Joomla 3.9.19 release. Retrieved June 3, 2020 .
- ↑ Alexander Schmidt: Joomla 3.0: New version focuses on mobile use. In: t3n magazine . September 17, 2012, accessed September 18, 2012 .
- ↑ Joomla! 3.6 has been released. July 12, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2016 .
- ↑ The week: Joomla or: squaring the GPL. Retrieved October 17, 2011 . on heise open
- ↑ Explanation of the different types of extensions. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 25, 2011 ; Retrieved October 17, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ joomla logo, download and restriction of use. Retrieved October 17, 2011 .
- ^ IBM Internet Security Systems X-Force 2008, Trend & Risk Report . (PDF; 4.8 MB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 3, 2011 ; accessed on October 17, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. IBM Global Technology Services, January 2009.
- ↑ Joomla! Bug squad . Retrieved September 23, 2013 .
- ↑ Joomla Exploit Database . (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 17, 2013 ; accessed on September 23, 2013 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Security and Performance FAQs . Retrieved October 17, 2011 . Joomla! Documentation
- ↑ Release and support cycle. April 25, 2014, accessed February 18, 2016 .