Josef Steiner (painter)

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Josef Steiner (born September 17, 1899 in Munich ; † September 16, 1977 there ) was a German painter and graphic artist , expressionist and member of the Berlin Secession .

The master student of Karl Hofer exhibited around 1930 with the most important artists of modern art such as Otto Dix , Alexej von Jawlensky and Wassily Kandinsky and cultivated friendships with Max Pechstein , Willy Jaeckel and George Grosz . Max Liebermann appointed Josef Steiner as a juror for art exhibitions in Berlin. From 1928 to 1937 Josef Steiner experienced his artistic heyday in Berlin and was frequently published in renowned art magazines and featured on front pages alongside Ernst Barlach and Lyonel Feininger . At the height of his career he lost his work under the Nazi regime and was arrested for high treason and anti-state sentiments and imprisoned in an execution prison. The final " degeneration " followed with an occupational ban. From 1940, Josef Steiner lived in abject poverty in Munich for twenty years and worked as a freelance artist. From 1955 he first dealt intensively with modern “pre-informal art” and “ informal art ” and made an artistic comeback, also due to his striking post-expressionism . His works became known through various exhibitions in domestic and foreign museums and galleries.

biography

Family and youth

Josef Steiner was born on September 17, 1899 in Munich- Sendling , the son of the Munich sculptor and restorer Josef Steiner the Elder. Ä. (1873–1931) and his wife Josephina Steiner, b. Wiesinger. He was the oldest of three children. Little is known of his sister Frieda, while the youngest brother Karl Steiner (1908–1984) made a name for himself as a sculptor in Bad Kreuznach in the 1970s . Even as a child, Josef Steiner drew with enthusiasm and favored the subject of "drawing" in the weekday school. He was a student at the weekday school in the Blumenstrasse in Munich from September 4, 1905 to July 1913. After the 8th grade, he switched to the municipal technical school in the Munich Luisenstrasse and attended the department for from September 11, 1913 to July 14, 1915 Builders. At the same time he attended the “Municipal School for Drawing and Modeling” on Westenrieder Strasse.

Studies and early work, early days in Munich

From October 1, 1913, Josef Steiner attended the municipal trade school in Munich on Westenrieder Strasse at the age of 14. He studied sculpture with Karl Killer . As a young student, he soon realized that his future lay more in the two-dimensional art of drawing and painting. Steiner also studied painting with Hans Fleischmann . His studies at the Munich Trade School lasted from 1913 to 1917. The early drawings and etchings testify to the talent of the young artist, who produced high-quality graphics from the age of 14 to 17. The first graphic work entitled Spring was created in 1914. Steiner's studies at the Munich trade school were abruptly discontinued in 1918 because he was recruited as a soldier in the last year of the First World War .

After the First World War, Josef Steiner attended the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts in Munich from the winter semester of 1918 and studied in the natural drawing class with Angelo Jank . He mainly occupied the subjects of portrait and nude studies as well as landscape and animal studies.

There were several reasons why Josef Steiner left the Munich Art Academy after a year. Although he enjoyed a good academic education, he lacked a progressive focus on modern art. In addition, there were private circumstances. Steiner met the older art student Gertrud Schaefer (1882–1969) while studying in Munich in 1919. At that time she was a teacher for art classes in Berlin and took part in further training in Munich. In Berlin she had good contacts with the artist avant-garde and from 1908 she had a long-term friendship with Max Pechstein . The 19-year-old art student Josef Steiner and the 37-year-old art teacher became a couple and in the spring of 1920 Steiner's move to Berlin took place. In July 1921 the two married in Berlin-Schöneberg.

Early Berlin days

Josef Steiner: reapers and women bathing at the lake , large watercolor, monogrammed (around 1921/23)

Josef Steiner and his wife Gertrud Schaefer lived at Eisenacher Strasse 64 in Berlin-Schöneberg. Steiner attended the Academic University for the Fine Arts in Berlin-Charlottenburg . There he studied with Hans Meid , who led an etching class and mainly represented impressionism in printmaking.

Apparently Josef Steiner did not feel at home stylistically with this impressionist either and switched to Karl Hofer on November 18, 1920, i.e. for the winter semester 1920/21 . Steiner recognized his future style in expressionism and in his academy professor Hofer the decisive teacher of his life. This shaped the young Josef Steiner like no other, stylistically in the manner of Expressionism and Expressive Realism as well as in terms of the choice of motifs. The following artistic work by Josef Steiner is characterized by this "Hofer style". With the academy studies with Hofer Steiner found the origin of his stylistic actions and being: Expressionism. Four years later, Steiner became Hofer's master student.

Expressionism met the new Berliners in a concentrated, overwhelming form. Gertrud Steiner-Schaefer's friendship with Max Pechstein, the great master of German Expressionism, also passed on to Josef Steiner and he also adored this artist personality of Berlin Modernism. In a very short time he understood this modern, revolutionary art direction and implemented expressionism in the second year of his Berlin academy.

Berlin heyday

Josef Steiner: Love (original title), large ink drawing, signed (around 1933)

In contrast to many other subjects, Josef Steiner mostly did not design the subject “nature” according to the stylistic principles of Expressionism. He remained consciously stuck to the old tradition by drawing and etching predominantly impressionistically. His etchings are characterized by extraordinary delicacy and precision. The large-format prints in particular testify to his masterly art of etching. Steiner's graphics were recognized and received positive exhibition reviews.

Josef Steiner, who was a member of the Berlin Secession from 1923 , participated from 1928 to 1931 in its major art exhibitions and the “ Juryfrei ” with remarkable success. The young Josef Steiner exhibited with the best artists of the time around 1930, such as B. Willi Baumeister , Max Beckmann , Otto Dix , Max Ernst , George Grosz , Karl Hofer , Karl Hubbuch , Alexej von Jawlensky , Wassily Kandinsky , Paul Klee , Rudolf Levy , Frans Masareel , Max Pechstein , Oskar Schlemmer , Rudolf Schlichter , Karl Schmidt -Rottluff and Lesser Ury . He became a recognized and successful painter and graphic artist.

An extensive list of art exhibitions with the participation of Josef Steiner underscores his appreciation at the time, e. B. the " Great Berlin Art Exhibition in Bellevue Palace " from 1930, where he a. a. exhibited his works with Max Slevogt and again with Alexej von Jawlensky. While von Jawlensky presented his work Warmes Licht and Max Slevogt presented The Palatinate Friends , Josef Steiner exhibited his painting The Lonely House .

With increasing popularity, the artist called himself Josef Steiner-Sendling . He had considerable success in Hamburg from 1928 onwards, when he was successful in many exhibitions at the Hamburger Kunstverein and Graphisches Kabinett Maria Kunde from 1928 to 1937 and received praising reviews. In 1924 Gertrud and Josef Steiner had a daughter named Gabriele.

In the period of artistic heyday around 1926 to 1936, the world of the Steiners in Berlin was still intact and crowned with success. In addition to moral appreciation, he earned good money with his works. His long-standing membership in the Berlin Secession, his well-founded academic studies as a Hofer master class student, his successful participation in major Berlin Secession exhibitions, his good exhibition reviews and the increasing level of awareness through publications in art magazines and major daily newspapers - the President and Honorary President of the Berlin Secession also realized all of this and Berlin Art Academy Professor Max Liebermann . This important representative of German Impressionism and co-designer of Berlin art politics was a patron of Josef Steiner from 1930 until shortly before 1933. Due to the appreciation of Philipp Franck and recommendations from Privy Councilor Ludwig Pallat , Josef Steiner was able to teach drawing at the Friedenauer Gymnasium on the Fichte for many years from 1926 -Realschule, teach at the municipal Lyceum Fontane-Schule and at the Werner-Siemens-Realgymnasium temporarily.

After Steiner's Berlin academy studies, a clear increase in his portrait quality can be seen. Steiner's artistic range of styles had expanded considerably. In addition to the late impressionism formed in Munich , the " New Objectivity " style was added alongside the predominant Expressionism .

In Josef Steiner's graphic work, the animal subject is an important component and is considered an essential part of his artistic success in Berlin's heyday. Many contemporary reviews praised Steiner as an excellent animal painter and above all as a gifted graphic artist in the depiction of poultry.

Taking into account the emergence of National Socialism around 1930 and the Nazi regime that existed from 1933, Steiner's Kassandra motifs gain particular importance. He recognized the ominous zeitgeist with the politically growing National Socialism. The artist, who has always had a liberal attitude, used symbolism and allegory to criticize the onset of repression and the dominant dictatorship under Adolf Hitler, exposing himself to great danger.

Josef Steiner met a woman around 1927 who became the “unknown” Berlin nude model of its artistic heyday. This dark-haired, chubby woman was around 30 years old at the time. Although this lady appears again and again in Josef Steiner's nude work, abstracted with expressionist or cubist stylistic devices, and has been the main motif in this regard for almost a decade, her face and identity have so far remained unknown. Josef Steiner kept this secret until his death. The frivolous motifs featured in many art exhibitions with great sales success. But such provocative, "immoral" nude motifs did not fit into the National Socialist understanding of art and, together with other serious constellations, became the artist's undoing. Even today these pleasurable and at the same time socially reflective nude scenes are among the most precious pictures by Josef Steiner and have a high priority in his work. The “unknown” Berlin nude model was also the artist's muse and secret lover.

The divorce from his wife Gertrud followed on August 2, 1935. Josef Steiner took an apartment and studio at Schöneberger Strasse 25, located on Schöneberger Ufer. In 1936, the name “Josef Steiner-Sendling” became well known in Berlin and northern Germany despite the divorce. Regardless of the nudes by Josef Steiner, which had meanwhile fallen into disrepute among National Socialist critics, he had also been known for his nature graphics for some time. In 1936, the Berlin daily Berliner Tageblatt hired Josef Steiner to illustrate the special house, courtyard and garden . As part of these newspaper publications, Steiner provided many drawings of domestic and exotic plants. The circulation was 100,000 newspaper copies.

Late Berlin period, "degeneration"

After initially cautious problems with the early Nazi regime in terms of public review warnings and malicious criticisms of Josef Steiner's artistic closeness to Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso , it became more and more dangerous for Steiner to create expressionist and cubist art from year to year . The same applies to the subject of “nudes”, because erotic-provocative subjects were not in line with the National Socialist understanding of “ German art ”. Steiner had been artistically outlawed since 1936 with the National Socialist all-round attack against modern art and, at the latest, with the decree of June 30, 1937, which pretended to “select and secure German art of decay” . He, as a “ degenerate ”, had to face a ban on exhibitions and severe penalties if disregarded.

Josef Steiner was arrested for high treason and from July 30, 1937 to August 7, 1937, was imprisoned as a political prisoner in the Berlin Political Prison at Alexanderplatz , his existence was confiscated or destroyed. He was transferred to the Berlin-Plötzensee execution prison on August 7, 1937 . After more than eight months of Nazi imprisonment, Josef Steiner regained his freedom on April 7, 1938. The fact that he was released at all, not executed or that his sentence was decisively softened, was primarily thanks to his friend André François-Poncet , the French ambassador in Berlin, who brought a demarche to Hitler and Goebbels . After eight months in Plötzensee, Josef Steiner was still a broken man. The sensitive artist became a tortured victim of the arbitrary Nazi regime, because his imprisonment consisted of a spectrum of physical and mental abuse, up to mortal fear and elementary privation as well as permanent damage to health.

On January 16, 1939, the official “degeneracy judgment” of the “ Reich Chamber of Fine Arts ” against Josef Steiner took place.

Second time in Munich

In September 1939 Josef Steiner was drafted again as a soldier for the Second World War. In early 1941 he was grazed in the head and passed out for eight hours. The wounded pioneer was then taken to a hospital, where the loss of a skull bone on the right parietal bone and persistent hearing loss were diagnosed. In the course of 1941 he was discharged from the Wehrmacht due to a war wound with consequential damage . Regardless of this, Steiner was drafted into military service again in 1943 and had to go to the " Flak " twice . For health reasons, he was released from the Munich Air District Command in May 1944 as "completely unfit".

Josef Steiner convinced Joseph Goebbels with his art with the child's head or the portrait of Holde Goebbels , a hand-signed etching, which he sent to the Reich Minister. On March 29, 1940, he received a personal letter of thanks from Goebbels, and on April 1, 1942, he was again admitted to the “Reich Chamber of Fine Arts” in Munich. Josef Steiner was never a member of the NSDAP or a National Socialist organization. Throughout his life, despite all political adversities and constraints, he stuck to his liberal sentiments. From 1940 onwards, Steiner lived almost penniless for most of the time. The painter and graphic artist who was once so successful in Berlin felt so bad after the Nazi persecution and the double loss of his belongings (Berlin Gestapo looting and Munich bombing nights) that he had to look for a dwelling in cellars for years.

In addition, Josef Steiner also experienced personal happiness in 1941. He met a very beautiful woman who corresponded to his ideal; it became Josef Steiner's new main model.

Time after 1945

The white lady

Only seven months after the unconditional surrender of the German Reich on May 8, 1945, Josef Steiner became a member of the "Professional Association of Visual Artists Munich eV". From 1946 there is a membership card of the "Culture League Munich" and a membership certificate for the artist in the "Professional Association of Professional Journalists in Bavaria". On May 31, 1946, the US occupation forces in Munich granted him the "License", authorization to practice as a painter and graphic artist.

From 1960 Josef Steiner lived in the bourgeois apartment at Georgenstrasse 59/1 until the end of his life.

Not only during his heyday in Berlin, but also in his second time in Munich after 1945, Josef Steiner came into contact with well-known artist colleagues at exhibitions, because many of these trend-setting painters and graphic artists were represented in the " Haus der Kunst ". In addition to these and other Munich art exhibitions, Steiner also took part in numerous exhibitions outside of his hometown in Germany and later also abroad. B. in Paris, London, New York and Ibiza. In addition, from 1960 study trips to Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland took place. From 1950 Josef Steiner remembered Cubism again and produced a number of remarkable works. At the same time, he devoted himself again to Expressionism, whose style of expression he gradually intensified.

From 1955 Josef Steiner dealt intensively for the first time with modern “pre-informal art” and “ informal art ”. A new era began for him, an artistic comeback. His “informal” paintings learned a. special attention in the "House of Art" in Munich and success gradually returned. Josef Steiner's unmistakable post-expressionism, with its own stylistic note, was characterized by expressiveness. In 1964 the presentation took place in a large "Josef Steiner - Art Exhibition" in Munich under the direction of Wolfgang Gurlitt . With the creativity of his radical post-expressionism around 1960/1965, the aging painter was way ahead of the " Neue Wilde " style that only emerged around 1980 .

In the period from 1955 to 1970 in particular, the artist also created modern landscapes and irrepressible portraits of women and girls in his unmistakable late Expressionist style, which became his trademark of his late work.

Josef Steiner's requests for a teaching position failed, as did his more than 25 year-long lawsuits for reparations. Under the aspect of his suffering, his deprivation of liberty and existence as well as the confiscation of his Berlin life's work and household, he was denied any legal justice. 40 years after his death, this artist belongs to the "degenerate" and forgotten generation.

Exhibitions (selection)

Solo exhibitions

  • 1929: Maria Kunde art salon, Hamburg
  • 1930: Amsler & Ruthardt Gallery , Berlin
  • 1934: The Graphisches Kabinett Maria Kunde, Hamburg
  • 1935: Hamburger Kunstverein , Hamburg
  • 1937: Maria Kunde art salon, Hamburg
  • 1954: Gurlitt Gallery, Munich
  • 1956: Galerie Becker, Bad Kreuznach
  • 1964: Galerie Wolfgang Gurlitt , Munich
  • 1966: Krauss-Maffei administration building, Munich
  • 1972: Wasserburg am Inn

Solo exhibitions posthumously

  • 1981: State Kurhaus, Bad Schwalbach
  • 1982: Wehen Castle, local history museum, Taunusstein
  • 2003: Beck Gallery, Homburg / Saar
  • 2005: House of the Saarland Business Associations, Saarbrücken
  • 2016: "50 Years of Painting - From the Berlin Secession to Informel", Galerie Mutter Fourage , Berlin

Participation in exhibitions

  • 1926: Amsler & Ruthardt Gallery , Berlin
  • 1927: Hinrichsen Gallery in the Künstlerhaus, Berlin
  • 1928: Berlin Secession - summer exhibition
  • 1928: Berlin jury-free exhibition , Berlin
  • 1929: Berlin Secession - summer exhibition
  • 1929: Berlin Secession - Autumn Exhibition
  • 1929: “Jury-free” art show in the state exhibition building, Berlin
  • 1930: Berlin Secession - spring exhibition
  • 1930: Berlin Secession - Autumn Exhibition
  • 1930: “Exhibition of young artists”, hosted by Das Kunstblatt in Reckendorfhaus Berlin, where Josef Steiner was a member of the jury at the same time as Hermann Poll and Hilde Leest
  • 1930: Great Berlin art exhibition in Bellevue Palace , cartel of the United Associations of Visual Artists Berlin eV, Berlin
  • 1930: Exhibition by the Kunstverein, Berlin
  • 1930: Art fair of the "jury free", Christmas exhibition, Berlin
  • 1931: Berlin Secession, Great Art Exhibition, Berlin
  • 1931: Great Berlin art exhibition in Bellevue Palace, cartel of the United Associations of Visual Artists Berlin eV, Berlin
  • 1931: Art exhibition “Josef Steiner u. a. “Kunstsalon Maria Kunde, Hamburg
  • 1932: Art exhibition of the Association of Berlin Artists in the Künstlerhaus, Berlin
  • 1932: General independent exhibition in the house of the "Juryfrei", Berlin
  • 1933: Great Berlin Art Exhibition, Berlin
  • 1934: Art exhibition “Josef Steiner u. a. “Kunstsalon Maria Kunde, Hamburg
  • 1936: Art exhibition “Josef Steiner u. a. “Hamburger Kunstverein, Hamburg
  • 1938: Art exhibition "Das Kunstblatt", Berlin
  • 1941: Large German art exhibition in the Haus der Kunst, Munich
  • 1942: Large German art exhibition in the Haus der Kunst, Munich
  • 1943: Exhibition "Guests of the Berlin Artists Association", Tiergartenstrasse, Berlin
  • 1944: Art exhibition "Das Schiff", Kunstverein, Flensburg
  • 1946: Art exhibition, visual arts group, Munich
  • 1947: Art exhibition, Landsberg / Lech and Ammersee artists' guild
  • 1947: Art exhibition, Neue Gruppe artists' association, Munich
  • 1947: Art exhibition, Curt Naubert art dealer, Langensalza
  • 1948: Art exhibition, Neue Gruppe artists' association , Munich
  • 1948: Exhibition by the Association of Visual Artists, Städt. Gallery, Munich
  • 1948: Art exhibition of the Professional Association of Visual Artists, Munich
  • 1949: Art exhibition, Ehrenburg, Coburg
  • 1952–1977: Large art exhibition in Munich / New Munich Artists' Cooperative in the House of Art
  • 1954: Great Düsseldorf art exhibition
  • 1954: Gurlitt Gallery, Munich
  • 1954: 3rd Alpine Art Exhibition
  • 1962: Exhibition by the Society of Friends of Young Art, Kunstverein Baden-Baden
  • 1962: Exhibition "The world of the present - a mirror of our time", Kunsthalle Wuppertal
  • 1962: Art exhibition of the city of Fulda, in the city palace of Fulda
  • 1964: Art exhibition at the Museo de Arte Contemporaneo, Ibiza
  • 1967: Art exhibition, Brunnenhalle, Bad Dürkheim

Exhibition participation posthumously

  • 1979: Heuson Museum, Büdingen
  • 2018: Art exhibition "Expressive Realism - Ostracized Art in the 20th Century", Galerie Kunst am Gendarmenmarkt, Berlin
  • 2019: Johannes Niemeyer - Josef Steiner: Paths to Abstraction, Paintings - Pastels - Drawings, Galerie Mutter Fourage , Berlin

literature

  • Anna-Sophie Laug: Jos. Steiner (1899–1977) - 50 years of painting from the Berlin Secession to Informel. Galerie Mutter Fourage, Berlin 2016.
  • Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - life and graphic work. An artist of the “degenerate” and forgotten generation Kunst-Verlag-Haaff, Leopoldshaven 2019, ISBN 978-3-938701-07-2 .

Web link

Commons : Josef Steiner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Steiner, Josef . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 4 : Q-U . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1958, p. 354 .
  2. ↑ Steiner, Josef . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 31 : Siemering – Stephens . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1937, p. 558 .
  3. ^ Dressler's art manual . Second volume: The book of the living German artists, archeologists, art scholars and art writers. Visual arts. Verlag Karl Curtius, Berlin 1930, p. 979.
  4. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 8.
  5. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 10.
  6. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 11.
  7. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 14.
  8. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 15.
  9. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 20.
  10. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 24.
  11. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 28.
  12. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 34.
  13. ↑ a b Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - life and graphic work. ... p. 38.
  14. ↑ a b Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - life and graphic work. ... p. 39.
  15. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 40.
  16. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 41.
  17. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 42.
  18. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 50.
  19. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 60.
  20. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 65.
  21. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 68.
  22. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 77.
  23. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 78.
  24. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 82, Fig. 237a / 237b
  25. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 83.
  26. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 78/88.
  27. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 88.
  28. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 90.
  29. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 96.
  30. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 98.
  31. ↑ Exhibit at the " Great German Art Exhibition 1941 in the House of German Art in Munich".
  32. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 106, Fig. 267.
  33. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 103.
  34. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 107.
  35. ↑ a b c Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - life and graphic work. ... p. 112.
  36. ↑ a b Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - life and graphic work. ... p. 114.
  37. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 108.
  38. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 110.
  39. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 115.
  40. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 118.
  41. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 123.
  42. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 144.
  43. ↑ Rainer Haaff: Josef Steiner - Life and graphic work. ... p. 129.
  44. ↑ exhibitions . In: Die Form: magazine for creative work . 5th year, issue 21/22, November 15, 1930, p. zzzn ( uni-heidelberg.de - supplement: messages from the Deutscher Werkbund).
personal data
SURNAME Steiner, Josef
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Steiner-Sendling, Josef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and graphic artist
DATE OF BIRTH September 17, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH September 16, 1977
Place of death Munich