List of rulers of Sicily

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This list contains the sovereign rulers of Sicily from the conquest of Sicily by the Normans to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in the course of the Italian unification movement. The viceroys ruling in Sicily , who were merely representatives of foreign sovereigns , are listed in a separate list .

The years indicate the reign.

The Norman-Hohenstaufen Sicily

Surname Reign relationship Remarks
Coat of Arms of the House of Hauteville (according to Agostino Inveges) .svg
House of Hauteville
Roger I. 1071-1101 Son of Tankred of Hauteville With his brother Robert Guiscard he conquered the island of Sicily, which he ruled as "Grand Count".
Simon 1101-1105 Son of the predecessor Under the tutelage of his mother Adelheid von Savona .
Roger II Sicily.jpg Roger ii 1105-1154 Brother of the predecessor Until 1112/13 under the tutelage of his mother Adelheid von Savona. Roger II united the Norman possessions of Lower Italy (Calabria, Apulia) with Sicily and in 1130 received the royal dignity from antipope Anaclet II . The rightful Pope Innocent II recognized this survey in 1139. In 1137 he added the Duchy of Naples to his dominion .
Wilhelm I. (called the bad one ) 1154-1166 Son of the predecessor
Monreale photo ru Sibeaster02.jpg Wilhelm II (called the Good ) 1166-1189 Son of the predecessor
Tancred from Lecce.jpg Tankred from Lecce 1189-1194 Rogers II illegitimate grandson
Roger III 1193-1194 Son of tankreds Fellow-king of his father.
William III. 1194 Son of tankreds William III. was by Emperor Heinrich VI. deposed, who claimed the successor of Wilhelm II on behalf of his wife.
Constance of Sicily.jpg Constance 1194-1198 Daughter of Rogers II Wife of Emperor Heinrich VI.
Arms of Swabia.svg Shield and Coat of Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (c.1200-c.1300) .svg King Manfred of Sicily Arms.svg
The Hohenstaufen
Emperor Heinrich VI.  in Codex Manesse.jpg Heinrich 1194-1197 Husband of Konstanze Roman emperor. Ousted the Norman dynasty and established the Hohenstaufen rule in Sicily.
Frederick II and eagle.jpg Friedrich 1198-1250 Son of the predecessor Roman Emperor; after the election of the Roman king of the title rex Sicilie always in conjunction with Fredericus secundus needed
Heinrich 1212-1217 Son of Friedrich Fellow-king of his father. Roman king from 1222.
Seal of Conrad IV of Germany.jpeg Konrad 1250-1254 Son of Friedrich Elected Roman King, King of Jerusalem and Sicily
Konradinseal.jpg Konradin 1254-1258 Son of the predecessor
Manfred Crowned.jpg Manfred 1258-1266 Son of Friedrich Usurped the throne against Konradin. Killed by Charles of Anjou in the Battle of Benevento .
Armoiries Anjou Jérusalem.svg
House Anjou
Karl von Anjou.JPG Charles I of Anjou 1266-1282 Ended the rule of the Hohenstaufen with papal support.

The Aragonese Sicily

In 1282, after the outbreak of the Sicilian Vespers , Charles of Anjou lost control of Sicily. King Peter III von Aragón seized the opportunity, landed on the island and crowned himself King of Sicily. However, Charles of Anjou was able to maintain his rule on the mainland part of the kingdom, whereby the old Norman-Staufer empire was effectively divided into an insular (Trinacria) and a continental (Mezzogiorno) kingdom. The Anjou dynasty resided in Naples from then on (see Kingdom of Naples ), but officially continued the title of "King of Sicily".

Surname Reign relationship Remarks
Aragon-Sicily Arms.svg
House Barcelona
Petr3 nuova.gif Peter I. 1282-1285 Manfred's son-in-law King of Aragon (Peter III). After the Sicilian Vespers in 1282 he conquered the island of Sicily and crowned himself king.
Jacques2.gif Jacob I. 1285-1295 Son of the predecessor King of Aragon (James II)
Friedrich II. 1295-1337 Brother of the predecessor Called himself "Friedrich III." Out of respect for the Emperor Friedrich II , who was however the first king of Sicily with this name
Peter II 1337-1342 Son of the predecessor
Ludwig 1342-1355 Son of the predecessor
Friedrich III. the simple one 1355-1377 Brother of the predecessor
Maria 1377-1401 Daughter of the predecessor
Martin1Sicilsky.jpg Martin I. 1392-1409 Husband of Maria From 1392 to 1409, Maria and Martin I were guarded by their father, King Martin I of Aragón .

With the heirless death of Queen Maria and King Martin I, his father, King Martin I of Aragón , takes over the rule of Sicily. He establishes the personal union of the crown of Sicily with the Aragonese crown . The kings are represented on the island by appointed viceroys.

see: List of Viceroys of Sicily

Surname Reign relationship Remarks
Aragon-Sicily Arms.svg
House Barcelona
Marti l'humà.jpg Martin II the humane 1409-1410 Father Martin I. King of Aragon (Martin I). Blanka of Navarre took over the reign in Sicily from 1409 to 1419.
Armoiries Aragon Sicile.svg
House Trastámara
Ferran d'Antequera al retaule Sancho de Rojas (detall) .jpg Ferdinand I the Just 1412-1416 After a two-year vacancy, elected King of Aragon and Sicily by the Caspe Compromise .
Mino da fiesole (attr.) Alfonso I d'aragona, il magnanimo.JPG Alfons I. 1416-1458 Son of the predecessor King of Aragon (Alfonso V). Alfonso had also been King of Naples since 1442, which was the first time since the division to have a personal union between the "two Sicilies". But this ended with Alfons' death.
Joan II d'Aragó.jpg Johann 1458-1468 Brother of the predecessor King of Aragon (John II)
Michel Sittow 004.jpg Ferdinand II the Catholic 1468-1516 Son of the predecessor King of Aragon. In 1504 Ferdinand occupied the Kingdom of Naples and made himself its king. He established a permanent personal union of the "two Sicilies".

Spanish Sicily

After the death of the Habsburgs Philip I , who was King of Castile as the husband of Ferdinand's daughter Johanna , Ferdinand took over the guardianship of Johanna's son Karl in 1506 and thus united the two kingdoms of Aragon and Castile to Spain .

Surname Reign relationship Remarks
Royal Coat of Arms of Spain (1580-1668) .svg
House of Habsburg (Spanish line)
Charles V-Carlos I 1548 (Tiziano Vecellio?) 066.jpg Charles II 1516-1554 Son of Joan and grandson of Ferdinand II. King of Naples
King of Spain (Charles I)
Roman Emperor (Charles V)
King PhilipII of Spain.jpg Philip I. 1554-1598 Son of the predecessor King of Naples
King of Spain (Philip II)
Diego Velázquez - Philip III on Horseback (detail) - WGA24408.jpg Philip II 1598-1621 Son of the predecessor King of Naples
King of Spain (Philip III)
Philip IV of Spain.jpg Philip III 1621-1665 Son of the predecessor King of Naples
King of Spain (Philip IV)
Juan de Miranda Carreno 002.jpg Charles III 1665-1700 Son of the predecessor King of Naples
King of Spain (Charles II)
Royal Coat of Arms of Spain (1700-1761) -Common Version.svg
House of Bourbon
Felipe V;  Rey de España.jpg Philip IV 1700-1713 Grandson of the French King Louis XIV and his wife Maria Teresa of Spain , the sister of his predecessor King of Naples
King of Spain (Philip V)

Savoy, Habsburg and Bourbon

In the Treaty of Utrecht , which ended the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713 , the Spanish crown ceded the Kingdom of Sicily to the House of Savoy and the Kingdom of Naples to Habsburg. This ends the personal union of the "two Sicilies" for the time being.

Surname Reign relationship Remarks
Lesser coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1890) .svg
House of Savoy
Vittorio Amedeo II in Maestà - Google Art Project.jpg Viktor Amadeus II 1713-1720

During the Quadruple Alliance War , Sicily is conquered by Spain. In the Treaty of The Hague in 1720 , the land was ceded to Habsburg. Since the emperor was also king of Naples, the personal union of the "two Sicilies" was restored. Viktor Amadeus was compensated with the Kingdom of Sardinia .

Surname Reign relationship Remarks
Coat of Arms of Charles VI of Austria as Monarch of Naples and Sicily.svg
House of Habsburg (Austrian line)
Johann Gottfried Auerbach 002.JPG Charles IV 1720-1735 King of Naples
Roman Emperor

During the Polish War of Succession , Sicily was conquered again by Spain. In the peace treaty of Vienna in 1735, Habsburg ceded both Sicily and Naples to the Spanish royal family. Both kingdoms are left to a prince of the house, thus preserving the personal union of "the two Sicilies".

Surname Reign relationship Remarks
Coat of Arms of Infante Charles of Spain as King of Naples and Sicily.svg
House of Bourbon
Charles III of Spain.jpg Charles V 1735-1759 Son of King Philip IV King of Naples. Charles became king of Spain in 1759. He gave the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily to his younger son.
Ferdinand IV at age nine.jpg Ferdinand III. 1759-1816 Son of the predecessor King of Naples. During the Napoleonic Wars, Naples was occupied by the French from 1806 to 1815, who installed their own kings there.

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

By decree, King Ferdinand abolished the personal union between Sicily and Naples (Regno di Sicilia ulteriore) in 1816 and united both kingdoms in a real union. The newly created state was called " Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ", Ferdinand remained head of state, but now as Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.

Surname Reign relationship Remarks
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, svg
House of Bourbon Sicily
Ferdinand IV at age nine.jpg Ferdinand I. 1816-1825
Francis I of the Two Sicilies.jpg Franz I. 1825-1830 Son of the predecessor
Fernando II de las Dos Sicilias 2.jpg Ferdinand II. 1830-1859 Son of the predecessor
Franz2Sicilien.jpg Francis II 1859-1860 Son of the predecessor

Dictator of Sicily

Surname Reign relationship Remarks
Le Gray, Gustave (1820-1884)-Palerme.  Portrait de Giuseppe Garibaldi, juillet 1860.jpg Giuseppe Garibaldi 1860-1861 In the course of the " Risorgimento " Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered Sicily in 1860 and then invaded Naples. The last Bourbon king fled into exile, whereupon Garibaldi ruled the state dictatorially until 1861. Then the country was united with the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont and finally merged with this in the newly founded Kingdom of Italy .

See also

Web links

Commons : Rulers of Sicily  - Collection of images, videos and audio files