Königsbrunn Heath
The Königsbrunner Heide is an approx. 50 hectare gravel heather in the Augsburg city area and is under nature protection as part of the city forest. It is bounded by the old raft ditch in the east, the connecting road Königsbrunn - Mering in the south, the Königsbrunn bypass in the west and the foothills of the Meringer Au in the north-west. It is particularly well-known for the unique mass flowering of the marsh victims in July. It is the largest Central European occurrence of the marsh Siegwurz and partly a drinking water protection area . There is grazing by sheep and Przewalski horses . The area extends to a height of 511 m above sea level. NHN up to 519 m above sea level NHN .
Heathland
The Königsbrunner Heide is an area on the gravel ground of the former river area of the Lech . The gravel masses were pushed up by the Lech glacier and the river itself. Today, the heath is located off the Lech, which flowed at this point about 2,000 years ago and has shifted in the east over time. 150 years ago, the heather was part of the huge Lechtalheiden , a large area of contiguous dry grassland. The remaining areas preserved today only take up 1% of the original areas.
The Königsbrunner Heide is divided into two areas by a partially thinned coniferous forest. The Hasenheide to the west is a valuable smooth oat meadow, while the core heather is a dry grass area with a slope towards semi-dry grass. The area has become known in botanical circles as an orchid habitat and botanical treasury. To protect flora, fauna and funga, the network of trails has been significantly reduced. There is a voluntary route requirement in the areas. This is to avoid kick damage and disruptions. Since December 15, 2009, a naturalist nature trail has been running along the heather and in other parts of the southern Augsburg city forest .
Grazing project
As part of a pilot project supported by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) , two 13 and 15 hectare enclosures for red deer and Przewalski horses were built in the forest adjacent to the north in 2007 . The project area in the southwestern part of the nature reserve Stadtwald Augsburg is a 100 to 150 year old pine forest . The grazing should preserve and promote light structures. In addition, a thinner layer of litter and raw humus as well as open areas on the ground, where pine seeds find ideal germination conditions, are expected. The changes resulting from grazing are scientifically documented. From 2012, grazing with Przewalski horses is to be extended to the Hasenheide during the winter half-year.
fauna
Reptiles
On the heath sunbathe slow worms and lizards . They are the main source of food for the smooth snake , which is highly endangered in Germany . Grass snakes mostly hunt for frogs in moist habitats . The poisonous adder can also be found in the forest, on the edges and in the undergrowth . It is acutely threatened with extinction in the Lechtal.
Butterflies
Due to the many flowering plants and the abundant nectar supply, the Königsbrunn Heath is home to numerous butterflies. The colorful swallowtail - a knight butterfly - is widespread on the surfaces . The aurora butterfly and the lemon butterfly are typical whites . From the butterfly family, the red-brown meadow bird , the chessboard and the chimney sweep can often be seen. In addition to common species such as the blue grouse and the silver-green blue blue, there are also rare species of bluebirds , including the small fire butterfly and the kidney spot and the buckthorn hairstreak . Particularly noteworthy here is the dark blue ant blue , a relic of once moist areas of the heather. Among the infrequent precious butterflies which includes small and the Fiery Fritillary . The little fox and the quail wheat butterfly , on the other hand, are not uncommon. The admiral and the painted lady immigrate every year from the Mediterranean, the latter sometimes even from Africa. Among the diurnal moths are the six-spot ram , the brown day owl and the little owl .
flora
The early bloomers in March / April include above all the snow heather , the common pasque flower and the rough violet . Then the mountain buttercup blooms in April / May on the Hasenheide along the Ölbach . The heart-leaved spherical flower can also be found on the Hasenheide , while the common spherical flower unfolds its blossoms in all areas. The Regensburg goat clover is mainly found in the Kernheide area - the Königsbrunner Heide marks the western limit of its distribution on the Lech. The heather rose, which smells strongly of cloves, blooms in May . The early flowering thyme, which blooms until July, exudes a spicy smell. The species grows grassy in places on the Hasenheide. In late spring the bedstraw and the rough elephant increase the yellow color of the heather. A little later, from June to August, the willow-leaved elephant with its yellow flowers follows .
Gentians
The occurrence of the spring gentian from April to May on the core heather is remarkable , whereas the Clusius gentian is only found sporadically there. Both populations are in decline. At one point in May the rare hose gentian , which in Germany only occurs in southern Bavaria, grows . The cross gentian blooms on the core heather from July to August . While the species tends to spread, the swallowwort gentian has become very rare. In contrast, the German gentian can be found comparatively frequently from August to September. At the same time until October the common fringed gentian shows its flowers.
Orchids
As the first orchid in bloom from May, the green-winged orchid . A lush population can be observed every year in the northeastern area of the Hasenheide. Decades ago the orchid was the most common orchid of the Lechheide, today it occurs only very rarely on the core heather in May / June. The large two-leaf and the white forest hyacinth can also be found occasionally . On the other hand, the mosquito-handelwort, which blooms into August, is constant and numerous. The fire orchid , which likes to grow in groups, shows its inflorescences in June . The orchid has become more common in recent years. On the other hand, the pyramid dogwort is rarely seen. Among the Ragwurzen, the Fly Ragwurz is one of the most common species. It blooms every year, but to different degrees. The bee and bumblebee ragweed can also appear again and again after years of abstinence. As the rarest representative of the genus, the spider ragwort is currently rare. Until a few years ago, the orchid could be detected on the Hasenheide. Moist places are the typical habitat of the marsh stendrums - it blooms from June to July. A little later, from July to August, the broad-leaved stendellum can be found on the edge of the floodplain .
Funga
The varied biotope offer enables a species-rich mushroom community. Some mushrooms are threatened and are therefore on the Red List of Endangered Species . On the pure open grass areas, for example, the date brown Ellerling , the antler-shaped meadow coral and the dry tongue of earth can be found. One focus is on juices , which are protected nationwide. Typical species include the lime-loving felt sapling , the parrot green and the saffron yellow sapling . To this end, many join mullet as the Gesägtblättrige Glöckling , the Montane Blue Stalk Zärtling and Slate Gray Zärtling . Also lepista grow on the surfaces, including the Fälblingsähnliche , the Horn Gray and lavender colored Rötelritterling . Ectomycorrhizal fungi such as birch mushrooms , noble pebbles , granite boletus and copper-red yellow feet grow on the edges of the surrounding, light snow heather - pine forests and around the solitary trees . In the thinned connecting piece between Hasenheide and Kernheide, for example, the banded Harzporling , the pink-stemmed roof mushroom and the stick sponge utilize the wood and root remains in the ground. Destructors are represented by the bitter pine cone and the ear spoon . Both types decompose pine cones.
Web links
- The Königsbrunn Heath on koenigsbrunn.de
- The heathen around Augsburg on pilze-augsburg.de
swell
literature
- Fritz Hiemeyer: Königsbrunner and Kissinger Heide. Jewels at the gates of Augsburg . 2nd Edition. Wißner-Verlag, Augsburg 2002, ISBN 3-89639-335-9 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Fritz Hiemeyer: Königsbrunner and Kissinger Heide . Jewels at the gates of Augsburg. 2nd Edition. Wißner-Verlag, Augsburg 2002, ISBN 3-89639-335-9 , pp. 14 .
- ↑ Günter Riegel: Leaflet on species protection 7 - Swamp gladiolus, Gladiolus palustris Gaudin . Ed .: Bavarian State Office for the Environment [LfU]. 2nd revised edition. 2010 ( lfu.bayern.de [PDF; 924 kB ]).
- ↑ Visitor management on the Königsbrunner Heide. In: Landschaftspflegeverband Stadt Augsburg. Retrieved December 31, 2010 .
- ↑ Augsburg nature researcher trail. In: Pilzverein Augsburg Königsbrunn. Retrieved December 31, 2010 .
- ↑ Site plan of the Augsburg natural scientist trail. (PDF; 198 kB) In: Landschaftspflegeverband Stadt Augsburg. Retrieved December 31, 2010 .
- ^ Grazing project Stadtwald Augsburg. ( Memento from June 22, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Nicolas Liebig, Norbert Pantel: Grazing pre-alpine pine forests on river gravel in the NSG "Stadtwald Augsburg" with Przewalski horses and red deer - interim report after two years of project duration. (PDF; 3.79 MB) Reports by the Natural Science Association for Swabia, Volume 113. 2009. pp. 82–105.
- ↑ Concept for grazing the Hasenheide with Przewalski horses from 2012. ( Memento from September 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Lechtal reptile habitat. In: German Association for Landscape Management. Retrieved January 3, 2011 .
- ↑ Picture gallery Heiden around Augsburg. On: Website of the Pilzverein Augsburg Königsbrunn eV . Accessed on December 31, 2010.
Coordinates: 48 ° 16 ′ 22.5 ″ N , 10 ° 54 ′ 21.8 ″ E