Stendal nuclear power plant

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stendal nuclear power plant
Ruin of the power plant (2006)
Ruin of the power plant (2006)
location
Stendal nuclear power plant (Saxony-Anhalt)
Stendal nuclear power plant
Coordinates 52 ° 43 '26 "  N , 12 ° 1' 3"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 43 '26 "  N , 12 ° 1' 3"  E
Country: Germany
Data
Owner: KKW Stendal GmbH
Operator: KWW Stendal GmbH
Project start: 1st August 1974
Shutdown: March 1, 1991 (construction freeze)

Construction discontinued (gross):

2 (1940 MW)

Planning set (gross):

2 (1940 MW)
Was standing: June 6, 2008
The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation .
f1

The Stendal nuclear power plant, which has not gone into operation and has been partially demolished , was built in the GDR in the area of Niedergörne in the former Magdeburg district , today Saxony-Anhalt , 15 kilometers northeast of Stendal , on the left bank of the Elbe.

The power plant should be the largest nuclear power plant in the GDR. After completion, the plant would have become one of the largest nuclear power plants in Germany with a total electrical output of around 4,000 megawatts. It was built on the site of the Niedergörne district of the city of Arneburg, which was specially razed for this purpose . This created direct access to the Elbe with its own port. The location is on the Stendal – Niedergörne railway line .

planning

Cooling Towers (1995)

On April 16, 1970, the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the GDR decided to build a third nuclear power plant north of Magdeburg with a total output of 4,000 MW by 1980. Newly developed Soviet pressurized water reactors in containment design , each with an output of 1000 MW, were to be used. Due to the expected delivery difficulties for the 1000 MW units, the Presidium of the Council of Ministers decided on January 31, 1973 that the first expansion stage of the Magdeburg III nuclear power plant, similar to that of the Lubmin II nuclear power plant, with four 440 MW reactors would be realized by 1981 should. Since this older type of reactor did not meet the safety requirements to be able to be built near a large city like Magdeburg, a new location had to be found. The town of Niedergörne, with its 120 inhabitants, was selected from the nine possible as early as mid-1972, as a small number of inhabitants had to be relocated here and there was the possibility of direct cooling water withdrawal from the Elbe. The proximity of the city of Stendal was advantageous for the accommodation of the construction and assembly personnel as well as for the later operating personnel. From this point onwards, KKW III was called the Stendal nuclear power station .

The opening of the construction site for the Stendal nuclear power plant was officially announced in the Volksstimme on August 1, 1974.

On January 1, 1975, the VEB Kernkraftwerk Stendal was founded, which from then on acted as an investment client for the general contractor VEB Kombinat Kraftwerkanlagenbau (KAB) Berlin and was to be the future operator of the NPP. The first task was to relocate the inhabitants of Niedergörne to the surrounding communities of Arneburg, Altenzaun and Osterburg and to set up new farms. The owners were compensated for the abandonment of the land and buildings in accordance with the statutory regulations of the GDR. Furthermore, the construction site had to be set up, the power plant site and the traffic routes established, and the water supply and site power supply ensured. In addition, in the second half of the 1970s, as part of a so-called "Territorially Coordinated Object Program" (TAOP), 14,000 apartments were created in Stendal-Stadtsee and -Süd as well as in Osterburg with the corresponding supply facilities, a railway connection from Stendal to Niedergörne for material and Equipment transports as well as for the transport of the construction, assembly and operating personnel, who are mainly located in Stendal, and the L16 road was expanded as a heavy-duty route. There was also a new polyclinic , schools and vocational training facilities as well as a cultural center, restaurants and shops.

In evaluating the reactor accident in Harrisburg late 1970s have changed the plans to the proposal of the USSR and now the power plant with four reactors of the type VVER designed -1000/320 full pressure containment cooling tower re-cooling. The decision of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers on the technical conception of the Stendal NPP with the construction of two 1000 MW units in the first expansion stage was taken in December 1979. The basis for this was Protocol No. 5 of the 1965 "Government Agreement with the USSR on the expansion of cooperation in the construction of nuclear power plants in the GDR" of September 1979. With this decision, the completion of the technical project in Moscow and Berlin was again delayed, see above that it was not until January 1982 that the project planning documents for the first construction stage with two 1000 MW reactors could be completely handed over to the client.

The then State Office for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection of the GDR granted the nuclear approval for the location of the Stendal nuclear power plant on November 14, 1978 and the construction permit for the 1000 MW units A and B on September 10, 1979.

Technical concept

The two cooling towers per reactor block with a capacity of 170,000 m³ / h as well as the machine house connected to the reactor building are typical of this and similar plants of Soviet design. In total, eight cooling towers were planned for the Stendal NPP in the last expansion stage. The 150 m high cooling towers with an upper diameter of 74 m were intended to prevent the Elbe from overheating. They were connected to the main cooling water pumps of each block by pipelines with a diameter of 2.6 m. Among other things, an intermediate cooling circuit was planned because the Elbe does not bring enough water to cool all four reactors. In addition, a secondary cooling water system was planned, which was to be supplied via spray ponds. Each block thus represented an autonomous work unit.

The turbo set should consist of a K1000-60 / 3000 turbine and a TBB-1000-2 generator per reactor block with an output of 1000 MW at a speed of 3000 / min. At the time of project planning in 1981, the 1000 MW turbines were still under development, so that there was uncertainty about their availability for the planned commissioning in 1987/88. Due to the possibility of partial load operation of the reactor and the associated higher security of supply, the GDR originally planned two 500 MW turbo sets per reactor, but due to the lower investment costs, the decision was made for the 1000 MW variant. The electrical energy generated was to be fed into the GDR's 220/380 kV network via the Schwarzholz substation 3.5 km away.

The containment modified by the Building Academy of the GDR in cooperation with the Moscow planning office for reactor technology was used for the plant in Stendal . The containment was supposed to be produced using the steel cell composite technology that had already been tried and tested at the KKW Nord and was further developed for the KKW Stendal, which differentiates it from the Russian systems of the same construction type.

construction

According to the IAEA , construction of block A began on December 1, 1982, and block B on December 1, 1984. In fact, the “first groundbreaking” for Block A took place on November 5, 1981. For Block A, the base plate was completed in October 1982, the reactor building up to a height of 0 m in December 1985, and the start of assembly of the containment in steel cell composite construction in 1987 and the completion of the 1st cooling tower in October 1988. Units C and D remained in the planning phase for the time being. According to a Ministerial Council decision of 1973, Block A was to go into operation in 1989. Due to the delay in the planning, the constant changes in the planning - also in connection with the reactor accident in Chernobyl - as well as due to capacity and quality deficiencies, the commissioning date was pushed back further and further. Most recently, following the decision of the GDR Council of Ministers of July 8, 1987 on the "conception of the long-term stable guarantee of the electrical power supply until 1990 and beyond", the aim was for Block A to go online between September and December 1991 and Block B between April and June 1993 should. The start of operations for Block C was planned between September and December 1996 and for Block D after 1996.

The district administration of the Ministry of State Security monitored all activities in connection with the construction of the new power plant in order to rule out any protests against the construction.

The Stendal nuclear power plant could not be completed by the end of the GDR. The main reasons given for the long construction period were low project planning capacities in energy technology, as well as in measurement, control and regulation technology and in energy systems and mechanical engineering. The construction capacities were also too low - the 9,500 construction workers employed could not build more than 500 million marks a year. After all, the existing equipment capacities also did not meet the requirements.

On July 1, 1990, the VEB Kernkraftwerk Stendal was privatized to KKW Stendal GmbH and placed under the supervision of the Treuhandanstalt . At this point in time, block A was 75%, block B 50% and the ancillary facilities of both blocks 55% completed. The construction and assembly work was continued with decreasing intensity, as far as existing stocks and down payments allowed. With the simultaneous entry of monetary, economic and social union , the Atomic Energy Act of the Federal Republic of Germany including the associated ordinances came into force in the GDR . Although the construction permit was protected according to the unification agreement , it was decided to carry out a new permit procedure for the construction and operation of the Stendal NPP. On September 17, 1990, the general contractor, Kraftwerks- und Anlagenbau (KAB) AG Berlin, ordered a temporary construction freeze. The foreign construction companies left the construction site, short-time working “zero” was ordered for the employees of the local construction companies .

costs

The project in Stendal was a lot more expensive than planned in the early 1980s at around 10 billion marks. In August 1988, the investment was 7.5 million marks per megawatt of power, i.e. H. estimated at 2000 MW at the equivalent of around 15 billion marks. According to a "binding offer" from December 1988, a total expenditure of 17.962 billion marks was expected, in 1990 the costs of building the power plant in the GDR were estimated at 20 billion marks. After the reactor accident in Chernobyl, the cost increases resulted mainly from the expansion of technical equipment, particularly in the area of ​​plant safety. But they were also due to economic reasons, especially in the supplier companies of the GDR.

In order to accelerate the implementation of the nuclear power plant projects in Greifswald and Stendal, the aim was to increase the number of workers in the Kombinat Kraftwerkanlagenbau and its partners by 7,000 in 1987, and additional wages worth 5.9 million marks were made available. In mid-1990, 7,500 employees were working on the large construction site at the Stendal nuclear power plant, 3,500 of whom were foreign workers, mainly construction workers from Poland and welders from Yugoslavia and Hungary who had proven their qualifications for welding work in the nuclear sector on western European nuclear power plant construction sites.

The actual expenditures up to February 1990 are given by Horlamus at around 3.8 billion marks, with Gatzke expenditures up to mid-1990 amounting to 5.8 billion marks. The small sum compared to the planned total expenditure of 18 billion marks is explained by the fact that the main equipment and fuel elements, which make up a large part of the investment costs, have not yet been delivered. However, some of this equipment had already been manufactured by the Soviet manufacturers with a value of around 1 billion marks, such as the complete reactor for Unit A in the heavy machinery construction plant in Ischorsk and the 1000 MW turbine, which was being tested in what was then Leningrad . About 1.5 billion marks are part of the properties of the "TAOP Stendal", i. H. the regional infrastructure.

After reunification

The construction site of the nuclear power plant in June 1991
Local train in front of the nuclear power plant in Niedergörne 1991
The ruins in 2007

As early as the end of 1989, close technical cooperation had been practiced with the West German energy companies PreussenElektra AG Hanover, Bayernwerk AG Munich and Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk AG Essen as well as the energy plant manufacturer Siemens Kraftwerk Union (KWU) Erlangen, with the aim of establishing possibilities and conditions for continuation to analyze the construction of nuclear power plants in Stendal and to prepare the necessary decisions within the framework of the state working group "NPP in the new federal states". The result was a study in August 1990 which, in addition to the completion of Units A and B with Soviet reactors and western safety technology, included the construction of Units C and D with 1300 MW pressurized water reactors from the Siemens Konvoi series .

After reunification , on November 1, 1990, the managing director of KKW Stendal GmbH submitted the application for the construction and operation of Block A of the NPP to the newly elected state government of Saxony-Anhalt. In order not to jeopardize the newly initiated approval procedure, the construction and assembly work was not resumed. Only the planning for the use of western security and control technology was continued and financed by the Treuhandanstalt.

At Christmas 1990, Der Spiegel described it as an “absurd spectacle” that the nuclear power plant was still being built, “although economics, environment and finance ministers are determined not to finish the power plant under any circumstances under state control and at state expense”. In a letter to Minister of Economic Affairs Helmut Haussmann (FDP), Treuhand boss Detlev Rohwedder warned that a political decision was overdue. There is no point in continuing to put trust money into the nuclear power plants of the former GDR - neither in those that have been shut down nor in those that are being developed. The industry had made it clear earlier that it did not want to spend any of its own money on Stendal.

The demands of the West German energy companies to the federal government to confirm the exemption from liability for the licensing risk for the Stendal nuclear power plant were not complied with with the reference to the Basic Law , which excluded a violation of free competition between private companies. Due to the lack of a business and financial basis, the construction of the two blocks that had begun was finally stopped in March 1991. Both companies were commissioned by the Treuhandanstalt, as shareholders of KKW Stendal GmbH and Kraftwerkanlagenbau GmbH Berlin, to process the investment performance contracts that were still in place, which happened until the end of 1992 and cost the taxpayer another 500 million DM.

KKW Stendal GmbH was renamed AIG Altmark Industrie GmbH in 1991 and takes on the task of site development on behalf of the Treuhandanstalt. In cooperation with West German energy companies, AIG is trying to maintain the Stendal location as an energy location. With the support of the state government and the regional administrations, a power plant designed for the combustion of imported hard coal with 2 × 750 MW output was designed, which should go into operation in 1998. Ancillary facilities of the nuclear power plant such as the two cooling towers of block A and the Elbe port should also be used. According to this plan, a plot of 165 hectares was sold to VEAG Verwaltungs-GmBH, now BPR Verwaltungs-GmbH, in 1992. The shareholders of BPR Verwaltungs-GmbH are the energy companies E.ON and RWE . At the request of the states of Saxony and Brandenburg, however, an agreement was reached in 1994 with the Treuhandanstalt that this hard coal-fired power station would not be built before 2012 in order not to endanger the use of the East German lignite deposits in Lusatia and Central Germany.

In order to create construction space for this hard coal-fired power station, the central nuclear heavy structures were demolished in the following years. The reactor pressure vessel was dismantled and scrapped in 1990/1991 when the construction site in Hamburg was closed. The aboveground connecting corridor (typical for Russian nuclear power plants of all types), which connected all the power plant buildings, was largely demolished. Parts of the two reactor buildings and the diesel generator building as well as a large part of the multi-purpose building are still standing. In this context, on May 19, 1994, the cooling tower for Block B and, since the possible use for the coal-fired power station was too long in coming and the maintenance expenses were too great, the cooling towers of Block A were also blown up on October 29, 1999.

At the end of 1993, AIG Altmark Industrie GmbH, including the real estate on the 450 hectare industrial area, was sold to an MBO / MBI buyer group and converted into AIG Altmark Industrie AG in April 1994. From now on, this stock corporation was responsible for the development of the location in cooperation with the regional bodies of the administrative community Arneburg / Krusemark, the district of Stendal and the state government. After the recycling of the land and the demolition of the NPP building structures, the "Industrie und Gewerbepark Altmark" was created in the mid-1990s and new industrial companies settled there. In addition, the fire brigade headquarters of the district of Stendal is located in the former safety building of the NPP .

A pulp mill, Zellstoff Stendal GmbH of the Mercer International Group, was put into operation on the developed site in 2004. In autumn 2006, the manufacture of hygiene papers began at Delipapier GmbH, a subsidiary of the Italian paper company Sofidel. In 2012 Weltec started to build a biomethane refinery ( biogas plant with biogas processing ) which has been feeding around 700 m³ of processed biomethane per hour into the gas network since May 2013 .

The construction of the hard coal power plant planned by RWE since 2008 should begin in 2011 and go into operation in 2015. The total investment was put at 2.2 billion euros and 100 jobs should be created. For environmental reasons, a citizens' initiative was founded in May 2009 against the building. RWE put this investment project on hold back in 2010 for economic reasons.

Data of the reactor blocks

Reactor block Reactor type net
power 		gross
power 		Beginning of project planning start of building Planned commissioning Project setting
Block A (Stendal-1) VVER-1000/320 900 MW 970 MW 1980 December 01, 1982 Dec 1991 03/01/1991
Block B (Stendal-2) VVER-1000/320 900 MW 970 MW 1980 December 01, 1984 Jun. 1993 03/01/1991
Block C (Stendal-3) VVER-1000/320 950 MW 1,000 MW 1980 - Dec 1996 03/01/1991
Block D (Stendal-4) VVER-1000/320 950 MW 1,000 MW 1980 - Jun. 1997 03/01/1991

documentation

See also

Web links

Commons : Stendal nuclear power plant  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Christian Matthes: Electricity industry and German unity . BoD - Books on Demand, 2000, ISBN 978-3-89811-806-4 , pp. 78 .
  2. ↑ Johannes Abele: Nuclear Power in the GDR - Between National Industrial Policy and Socialist Cooperation 1963–1990 (PDF; 990 kB). In: TU Dresden / Hannah Arendt Institute, Reports and Studies No. 26, Dresden 2000. P. 45.
  3. ^ A b c d e f Mike Reichert: Nuclear energy industry of the GDR . 1st edition. Scripta Mercaturae Verlag, St. Katharinen 1999, ISBN 3-89590-081-8 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Harald Gatzke: Stendal nuclear power plant - a failed project with positive consequences for the Arneburg region . In: Werner Brückner (Ed.): The knowledge of the region . tape 1 . Edition Kulturförderverein Östliche Altmark, Hohenberg-Krusemark 2005, ISBN 3-00-017751-5 , p. 53-77 .
  5. ↑ The village of Niedergörne and the GDR KKW III / KKW Stendal. Archive of KKW Stendal GmbH, accessed on April 22, 2013 .
  6. ↑ Nuclear power plant is being built in the Stendal district. In: Volksstimme. Archive KKW Stendal GmbH, August 1, 1974, accessed on April 22, 2013 .
  7. ↑ Stendal NPP: Niedergörne Compensation for Residents. Archive of KKW Stendal GmbH, accessed on April 22, 2013 .
  8. ↑ a b Reactor C and D, KKW Stendal GmbH, study 1990. Archive KKW Stendal GmbH, accessed on December 8, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Joachim Eichstädt, Iwan Aleksejew: Steel cell composite construction in nuclear power plant construction . In: IABSE Proceedings . P-50/82. Dresden 1982, p. 13-28 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-36656 .
  10. ^ Building Academy of the GDR: Application of the steel cell composite construction for nuclear power plants with PWR 1300 MW. Berlin, 1990 (PDF; 775 kB)
  11. ↑ Joachim Eichstädt, Iwan Aleksejew, among other things: Rotationally symmetrical security container. Offenlegungsschrift DE 3326585 A1 (PDF)
  12. ↑ pub.iaea.org: Germany , accessed on April 22, 2012.
  13. ↑ a b Decision of the Council of Ministers of the GDR of July 8, 1987: Concept of the long-term stable guarantee of the electrical energy supply up to 1990 and beyond BArch DC 20-I / 3/2494 ( PDF )
  14. ↑ BStU: Information on the traveling exhibition Stendal nuclear power plant - Stasi guards graves of billions , accessed on April 22, 2013.
  15. ↑ Management report and preliminary conception of the business activities of KKW Stendal GmbH. (PDF; 244 kB) Archive KKW Stendal GmbH, July 20, 1990, accessed on August 14, 2013 .
  16. ↑ Stendal NPP, temporary construction stop. (JPG; 28 kB) KKW Stendal GmbH archive, September 17, 1990, accessed on January 5, 2016 .
  17. ↑ Günter Schramm, Wolfgang Hahn: Possibilities for improving the efficiency in the reconstruction of brown coal power plants in the GDR . In: Scientific journal of the TU Dresden . tape 33 , no. 4 . Dresden 1984, p. 76 .
  18. ↑ a b c d e f Michael Hänel: "The end before the end" On the role of the GDR energy industry during the system change 1980–1990 (PDF; 496 kB)
  19. ^ Lutz Mez, Martin Jänicke, Jürgen Pöschk: The energy situation in the former GDR . 1st edition. Edition Sigma Bohn, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-89404-324-5 .
  20. ↑ Sven Martin: Classification of nuclear energy in the economic energy industry of the GDR and questions of the development of expenditure in the construction of nuclear power plants . Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 1989, p. 42 ff .
  21. ↑ Wolfgang Horlamus: The nuclear energy industry of the GDR: From its beginnings to the shutdown of the reactors in the north nuclear power plant . In: Issues on GDR history . No. 17 , 1994, p. 54 .
  22. ↑ a b Spiegel 52/1990: Absurdes Schauspiel from December 24, 1990.
  23. ↑ Spiegel 38/1990: fully irradiated from September 17, 1990.
  24. ↑ Termination of the investment performance contract. (PDF; 29 kB) Archive KKW Stendal GmbH, March 20, 1991, accessed on August 14, 2013 .
  25. ↑ KKW Stendal - Invest Steinkohlekraftwerk 1992. Archive KKW Stendal GmbH, accessed on August 14, 2013 .
  26. ↑ Stendal nuclear power plant - dismantling of reactor buildings 1 and 2. Archive KKW Stendal GmbH, 2011, accessed on August 14, 2013 .
  27. ↑ Stendal nuclear power plant - what is still there. Archive KKW Stendal GmbH, 2011, accessed on August 14, 2013 .
  28. ↑ Spiegel Online: Stendal: nuclear power plant cooling towers blown up on October 29, 1999.
  29. ^ The FTZ (fire brigade technical center) of the district of Stendal. Archived from the original on August 14, 2013 ; Retrieved January 5, 2016 .
  30. ↑ Hygiene paper for everyone creates 220 jobs. In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung. June 1, 2007, accessed August 14, 2013 .
  31. ↑ WELTEC biomethane plant in Arneburg feeds in gas. June 25, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013 .
  32. ↑ Energy & Technology: Start of construction for Weltec biogas park - 6 million m³ of biomethane for the natural gas network , from March 15, 2013, accessed on December 12, 2013.
  33. ↑ The power station in Arneburg runs out of air. In: Volksstimme. April 10, 2013, accessed August 14, 2013 .
  34. ↑ a b IAEA: GERMANY (Updated 2011), 2.2.1 Status and performance of nuclear power plants , accessed on December 30, 2012.