Pimobendan
Structural formula | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1: 1 mixture of ( R ) -form (top) and ( S ) -form (bottom) | |||||||||||||||||||
General | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-proprietary name | Pimobendan | ||||||||||||||||||
other names |
|
||||||||||||||||||
Molecular formula |
|
||||||||||||||||||
Brief description |
white to slightly yellowish, hygroscopic powder |
||||||||||||||||||
External identifiers / databases | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Drug information | |||||||||||||||||||
ATC code | |||||||||||||||||||
Drug class |
Inodilator |
||||||||||||||||||
Mechanism of action |
Calcium sensitizer |
||||||||||||||||||
properties | |||||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 334.37 g · mol -1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Melting point |
|
||||||||||||||||||
solubility |
practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in dimethylformamide , sparingly soluble in acetone and methanol |
||||||||||||||||||
safety instructions | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Toxicological data | |||||||||||||||||||
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Pimobendan is a medicinal substance that is only approved as a cardiovascular agent for animals. Alongside levosimendan, it is the only representative from the calcium sensitizer group to date .
Mode of action
The drug works through two mechanisms. The main effect is on the increase of the contractility of the cardiac muscle by means of an increased sensitivity for calcium - ions caused. Inhibiting the activity of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 3 has the same effect and also has a vasodilating effect . As a result of this positive inotropic and vasodilatory effect, the active ingredient is also known as an inodilator .
Pharmacokinetics
It is administered orally by means of divisible chewable tablets or capsules available in various doses . About 60 percent of the active ingredient is absorbed from the intestine and quickly distributed in the tissue ( volume of distribution : 2.6 l / kg; mean binding to plasma proteins : 93%). By oxidative demethylation , the pharmacologically active arise metabolites of the drug. It is excreted with the faeces. The half-life of the major metabolite in plasma is approximately 2 hours.
application areas
The drug was originally intended as a therapeutic agent for dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs and is the drug of choice here. As a result of its good vasodilatory properties, it is also becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of heart valve diseases , especially in the treatment of valve endocardiosis .
Contraindications
Due to its mode of action, the drug must not be used in cardiac diseases in which an increase in the cardiac output volume is opposed by functional or anatomical obstacles (e.g. aortic stenosis , pulmonary stenosis ). It is also not to be used in the presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in the presence of severe liver dysfunction .
Side effects
The occurrence of tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) has been described. In addition, gastrointestinal symptoms, e.g. B. Vomiting and diarrhea occur. In humans , the drug is not used in Europe and America due to possible severe intolerance ( sudden cardiac death ), but it is approved as a human medicinal product in Japan .
So far, Pimobendan has only been approved for dogs in Germany .
Stereoisomerism
Pimobendan has a stereocenter and is therefore chiral . There are two stereoisomers , the ( R ) form and the ( S ) form. The drug used is racemic pimobendan, i.e. a 1: 1 mixture of the ( R ) and ( S ) enantiomers .
Trade names
Veterinary medicine: Cardisure , Vetmedin ; as a combination preparation with benazepril : Fortekor Plus
Web links
- Entry on Pimobendan at Vetpharm, accessed on August 4, 2012.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d data sheet PIMOBENDAN CRS (PDF) at EDQM , accessed on May 1, 2009.
- ^ The Merck Index . An Encyclopaedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals . 14th edition, 2006, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 , p. 1281.
- ↑ a b Data sheet Pimobendan, ≥98% (HPLC) from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on October 31, 2016 ( PDF ).