Karl Alexander (Württemberg)
Karl Alexander (von Württemberg-Winnental) (also Carl Alexander ; born January 24, 1684 in Stuttgart ; † March 12, 1737 in Ludwigsburg ) was the eleventh reigning Duke of Württemberg from 1733 to 1737 . Before taking office in Württemberg, he was an imperial general and field marshal general .
Childhood and early reign
Karl Alexander was the eldest son of Friedrich Carl von Württemberg-Winnental ( House of Württemberg ) and Eleonore Juliane von Brandenburg-Ansbach . Friedrich Carl was guardian of Duke Eberhard Ludwig von Württemberg from 1677 to 1693 and thus also regent in Württemberg.
When Eberhard Ludwig died in 1733, his only son Friedrich Ludwig had died in 1731. After Eberhard Ludwig's death, the Württemberg throne passed to his cousin Karl Alexander, who had converted to the Catholic denomination in 1712 as a successful military leader in the imperial service . He achieved military success on the side of Prince Eugen in the War of the Spanish Succession and in the campaigns against the Turks in 1717/1718 . From 1719 he was an imperial General gubernator of Belgrade and the occupied Serbian territory.
After taking office, he set up the residence that Eberhard Ludwig had moved to Ludwigsburg again in Stuttgart . As a duke, he continued to take part in imperial military measures such as the War of the Polish Succession , in the course of which he was appointed Field Marshal General of the Swabian Empire in January 1734 and Imperial Field Marshal General in May .
Late reign and death
Wars and costly court rulings led the Duchy of Württemberg to have high financial needs, whereupon Karl Alexander Joseph Suss Oppenheimer , a Jewish finance broker and banker, appointed his secret finance councilor . The Protestant estates felt that their financial self-administration was impaired by the financial and fiscal measures implemented by the Catholic Duke with the help of Oppenheimer . Out of these tensions, a conflict developed between the Catholic Württemberg throne, Duke Karl Alexander in Stuttgart, and the Protestant population, represented by the Protestant estates, the predecessors of the state parliament .
Karl Alexander died unexpectedly on March 12, 1737 of pulmonary edema . His death led to an intrigue by the estates against Oppenheimer, who was ultimately the victim of an anti-Jewish judicial murder .
Karl Alexander's successor was his son Karl Eugen , who was declared prematurely of legal age in 1744 . Until then, Duke Karl Rudolf von Neuenstadt had been the next agnate of Karl Alexander who had run the business of government.
progeny
Karl Alexander had been with Marie-Auguste von Thurn und Taxis (1706–1756), a daughter of Prince Anselm Franz von Thurn und Taxis and Maria Ludowika Anna Franziska, born in 1727 . von Lobkowitz , married. They had the following children:
- Karl Eugen (1728–1793)
- Eugen Ludwig (* / † 1729)
- Ludwig Eugen (1731–1795)
- Friedrich Eugen (1732–1797)
- Alexander (1733–1734)
- Auguste Elisabeth (1734–1787) ∞ Karl Anselm von Thurn and Taxis
It is noteworthy that all three sons successively succeeded him to the throne.
literature
Scientific
- Joachim Brüser: Duke Karl Alexander von Württemberg and the landscape (1733 to 1737). Catholic denomination, loyalty to the emperor and absolutism. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-17-021272-5 .
- Gabriele Haug-Moritz: Carl Alexander. In: Sönke Lorenz , Dieter Mertens , Volker Press (eds.): Das Haus Württemberg. A biographical lexicon. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-17-013605-4 , pp. 254-256.
- Gerhard Raff : Hie good Wirtemberg all the way. Volume 4: The House of Württemberg from Duke Eberhard Ludwig to Duke Carl Alexander. With the Stuttgart and Winnental lines. Landhege, Schwaigern 2015, ISBN 978-3-943066-39-5 , pp. 381-480.
- Paul Sauer: an imperial general on the ducal throne of Württemberg. Duke Carl Alexander of Württemberg 1684–1737. Markstein, Filderstadt 2006, ISBN 3-935129-25-4 .
- Paul Friedrich von Stälin : Karl Alexander . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, pp. 366-372.
- Bernd Wunder: Karl Alexander. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3 , p. 266 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Württemberg, Karl Alexander Herzog . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 58th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1889, pp. 241–243 ( digitized version ).
Fiction
Karl Alexander is also portrayed in Lion Feuchtwanger's novel Jud Süß .
Web links
- Literature by and about Karl Alexander in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Karl Alexander in the German Digital Library
- Joachim Brüser: Duke Karl Alexander von Württemberg (1684-1737) , published on April 19, 2018 in: Stadtarchiv Stuttgart: Stadtlexikon Stuttgart
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Eberhard Ludwig |
Duke of Württemberg 1733–1737 |
Carl Eugene |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Karl Alexander |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Duke Karl Alexander of Württemberg; Carl Alexander |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Württemberg (1733–1737) |
DATE OF BIRTH | January 24, 1684 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Stuttgart |
DATE OF DEATH | March 12, 1737 |
Place of death | Ludwigsburg |