Kilimanjaro (region)

This article is about the region in Tanzania. Further meanings are listed under Kilimanjaro (disambiguation) .

Kilimanjaro
Basic data
Country	Tanzania
Capital	Kilimanjaro
surface	13,300 km²
Residents	1,864,329 (2018)
density	140 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2	TZ-13
politics
Regional Commissioner	Anna E. Mghwira

Coordinates: 3 ° 32 '  S , 37 ° 16'  E

Kilimanjaro is one of the 31 administrative regions of Tanzania . The capital and largest city is Moshi . The region is bordered by the Republic of Kenya to the northeast, the Tanga region to the southeast, the Manyara region to the south and southwest, and the Arusha region to the west .

geography

Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro is the smallest region of Tanzania, it is 13,300 square kilometers and has around 1.9 million inhabitants (as of 2018). This results in a high population density of 140 inhabitants per square kilometer. The area lies just south of the equator and is divided into three landscape zones:

• The summit zone of Kilimanjaro : It lies between 1,800 and 5,895 meters above sea level and has an annual rainfall of over 2,000 millimeters. The Kilimanjaro National Park covers the range from 1800 to 2400 meters . As early as 1920, the area was protected as a forest reserve because of its ecological value.
• The highlands: It is between 900 and 1800 meters above sea level, its average temperature is between 15 and 20 degrees Celsius and there is 1250 to 2000 millimeters of rain. The soil is fertile, there are remains of volcanic rocks rich in magnesium and calcium.
• The lowlands: it is below 900 meters above sea level, has precipitation of 700 to 900 millimeters per year at temperatures of 30 degrees Celsius and above.

The region has two rainy seasons and one dry season. In the months from October to December there are often short showers, in the period from March to May / June there are long rains. The dry season is usually from August to October.

Climate table Moshi Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 32.8 33.1 32.1 29.5 27 26th 25.7 26.7 28.6 30.7 31.7 31.7 O 29.6 Min. Temperature (° C) 17.7 17.9 18.6 19.1 18.2 16.6 15.7 15.5 15.7 16.7 17.7 17.6 O 17.2 Temperature (° C) 25.5 25.5 25.3 24.3 22.6 21.3 20.7 21.1 22.1 23.7 24.7 24.6 O 23.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 46 45 102 282 146 30th 19th 14th 14th 34 74 50 Σ 856 Source: climate-data.org

Johannes Rebmann

history

The area became known in Europe in the middle of the 19th century, when the German missionaries Johannes Rebmann and Johann Ludwig Krapf reported about snow-capped mountains near the equator. Before independence, the area was part of the Northern Province, which was composed of the districts of Arusha and Mbulu. In 1963, Government Declaration 450 created the region with the current borders.

Constituencies (councils) of the Kilimanjaro region

Administrative division

The region is divided into six districts and seven constituencies (councils):

District	Council	Residents 1988	Residents 2002	Residents 2012	surface km 2
Shark	Shark	197,518	169,721	210,533	902
Moshi	Moshi City (CC)	86,631	143,799	184.292	63
	Moshi Land (DC)	342,891	401.369	466.737	1,300
Mwanga	Mwanga	97.003	115.145	131,442	1,831
Rombo	Rombo	200,912	245.716	260.963	1,471
Seed	Seed	169.718	211,738	269,807	6.221
Siha	Siha	n / a 1)	89.214	116,313	1,217

¹⁾ Siha was split off from Hai district.

Left: Kilimanjaro, right: Pare Mountains

population

What is striking about the age distribution is that the number of children has been falling for ten years. The gender ratio is 94 men for 100 women, with this ratio being balanced among those under ten (as of 2012). The following image shows the population pyramid of the Kilimanjaro region (wide bars) and, in comparison, of the Kilimanjaro City district (thin bars):

The largest ethnic groups in the region are the Chaggah and the Pare . While the Chaggah predominantly live on the slopes of the Rombo, Hai and Moshi districts, the Pare settle in the Pare Mountains in the Mwanga and Same districts. The Wakwavi and Wakahe are two smaller ethnic groups that are predominantly in the plains of the Moshi, Mwanga and Same districts.

Facilities and services

Education: In 1998 there were 707 elementary schools and 112 secondary schools in the Kilimanjaro region. The percentage of people over the age of 15 who could read and write was 92 percent. The percentage was only below 75 percent for men over 80 and women over 65 years of age. Health: While there were only 18 pharmacies in 1961, their number rose to 361 by 1997. In that year, 18 health centers and 16 hospitals were available.

Economy and Infrastructure

Of those over ten, 60 percent were employed, ten percent in the household (cooking, hygiene, care), 23 percent in training, three percent unemployed and four percent unable to work. Sixty percent of the employees worked in agriculture (as of 2012). Agriculture In 2012 there were 432,159 arable farmers and 12,283 livestock farmers in the region. Most of the agriculture is in the mountains, mainly bananas, sugar cane, coffee, potatoes and sweet potatoes are grown here. On a smaller scale, maize, onions, tomatoes, rice, watermelons and cucumbers are grown in the lowlands along the Pangani River . 55 percent of all households have at least one pet. Most of the livestock is raised in the lowlands, mainly cattle are kept, as well as goats, sheep and pigs.

Source: United Nations

Infrastructure

• Road: The asphalt national road T2 crosses the region from southeast to northwest. It connects Dar es Salaam with Nairobi . The T15 national road, which is also paved, branches off east of Moshi and leads east to Kenya. From the T15, the national road T21 branches off at Himo, which leads east of the Kilimanjaro massif to Nairobi.
• Railway: The Usambara Railway was reopened in 2019 . It connects the port city of Tanga with Arusha .
  

  Kilimanjaro Airport
• Airport: Kilimanjaro International Airport is served by African, Asian and European airlines.

tourism

The main attraction is Kilimanjaro and the surrounding Kilimanjaro National Park. In 2013, 48 million euros were raised here. Most of the visitors came from Great Britain, the United States of America and Germany.

Chala lake

Rhinoceros in Mkomazi National Park

Nature reserves, sights

• Chala Lake : The Chala Lake is located on the southeast flank of Kilimanjaro on the border with Kenya. It is a crater lake about three kilometers in diameter and ninety meters deep. There is an untouched natural landscape around the lake. Depending on the season, hundreds of species of butterflies and birds can be seen, including the African osprey and the augur buzzard . Different species of monkeys, dikdik , kudu and elephants are native to mammals .
• Kilimanjaro National Park : Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is the highlight for many visitors to Tanzania. On a clear day you can see the Amboseli National Park in Kenya, the rift valley and the surrounding steppe landscape from its summit . The national park was established in 1973 and declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 .
• Mkomazi National Park : This park is located in the two regions of Tanga and Kilimanjaro and continues as Tsavo West National Park in Kenya. It lies on the eastern slope of the Usambara and Pare mountain ranges and is home to large herds of giraffes, antelopes, wildebeests, zebras, buffalos and elephants. In the 1990s the black rhinoceros and the African wild dog were successfully released into the wild.

Web links

• Kilimanjaro region

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 03 Kilimanjaro Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. i , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Tanzania in Figures 2018. The United Republic of Tanzania, June 2019, accessed October 24, 2019 . 
3. ^ United Nations Development Program, Tanzania. (pdf) pp. 7–9 , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
4. ^ Baseline Study for Hand in Hand Eastern Africa Program in Northern Tanzania. (pdf) August 2017, p. 22 , accessed on October 22, 2019 . 
5. ↑ Climate-Data.org. Retrieved October 21, 2019 . 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Britannica, Kilimanjaro. Retrieved October 21, 2019 . 
7. ^ Kilimanjaro Region, Region History. The United Republic of Tanzania, accessed October 21, 2019 . 
8. ^ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 03 Kilimanjaro Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 15 , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
9. ^ Baseline Study for Hand in Hand Eastern Africa Program in Northern Tanzania. (pdf) August 2017, p. 28 , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
10. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 03 Kilimanjaro Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, pp. 19-20 , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
11. ^ United Nations Development Program, Tanzania. (pdf) p. 9 , accessed on October 22, 2019 . 
12. ^ Kilimanjaro Region, Socio-Economic Profile. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 1998, pp. 94, 123 , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
13. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 03 Kilimanjaro Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 66 , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
14. ^ Kilimanjaro Region, Socio-Economic Profile. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 1998, p. 133 , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
15. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 03 Kilimanjaro Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, pp. 87, 95 , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
16. ^ Baseline Study for Hand in Hand Eastern Africa Program in Northern Tanzania. (pdf) August 2017, pp. 35–36 , accessed on October 22, 2019 . 
17. ^ United Nations Development Program, Tanzania. (pdf) p. 8 , accessed on October 21, 2019 . 
18. ↑ Mapcarta, Moshi. Retrieved October 22, 2019 . 
19. ^ Tanzania Standard Newspapers Ltd: Tanga-Moshi Railway relaunched. Retrieved March 21, 2020 . 
20. ↑ Kilimanjaro Airport, Airlines Operators. Retrieved October 22, 2019 . 
21. ↑ Kilimanjaro is Africa's Leading Tourist Attraction. TanzaniaInvest, accessed October 22, 2019 . 
22. ↑ Lake Chala - a crater in the shadow of Kili. Tanzania Experience, accessed October 22, 2019 . 
23. ↑ Lake Chala. Tanzania Tourist Board, accessed October 22, 2019 . 
24. ↑ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park. Tanzania Tourist Board, accessed October 22, 2019 . 
25. ^ Mkomazi National Park. Tanzania Tourist Board, accessed October 22, 2019 .