Garlic (Ketzin / Havel)

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Knoblauch is a former place in the Havelland district . The district of the garlic desert is now part of the town of Ketzin / Havel . The village was given up at the turn of 1968/69 in favor of a natural gas storage facility .

Place name

Coat of arms of those of garlic

There are different interpretations for the place name garlic,

  • one refers to the Polish word “Chleboloky” - the bread eater, the Slavic chleb - bread and the Slavic lokati - greedy, eat or drink thus stand for “bread eater” or “bloodthirsty person”.
  • Another interpretation borne by etymologists relates to the herb garlic . The last interpretation is certainly supported by the fact that the von Knoblauch family (traceable in the march since 1316), who were enfeoffed with garlic in the 15th to 17th centuries, has three garlic plants in their family coat of arms.
  • Another interpretation refers to the time when the place was still written Klebelock . Klebelock means something like sticky hole or sticky depression and is probably due to the nature of the soil (rich clay soil ). A derivation of the name from the German seems possible, since garlic is a new establishment from the time of Albrecht the Bear .
  • A takeover of the name from the town of Knoblauch in Milower Ländchen cannot be ruled out.

history

Beginning to the 16th century

The Schwedenwall as a sign of an early settlement or also called Schwedenschanze , was probably a Slavic castle wall , which was joined by an early German hilltop castle . Bronze Age finds, however, suggest an early settlement history in this area.

Knoblauch was first mentioned in 1197 as Clebeloc in connection with the donation from Ketzin and his branch Clebeloc by Otto II to the cathedral chapter of Brandenburg. It was later also called as Cnobeloc .

At the beginning of the 14th century Knoblauch became a parish village , because around 1366 the Bishop of Brandenburg von der Schulenburg united the parish of Knoblauch as mater with that of Etzin as a branch . However, it can be assumed that it did not remain a parish village for long. After the pastor moved to Etzin, the same church village and Knoblauch only became a branch of Etzin. Also in 1382, 1389 and 1460 only one pastor from Etzin is mentioned, a pastor for garlic is no longer mentioned at this time. For example, a certain Johann von Knobloch is named as a priest in Etzin for the year 1382 . Knobloch was mentioned as a place in Riedel's Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis from 1847. It is also described as a branch of Etzin with 3 parish hooves managed by the parish itself .

Knoblauch is closely connected with the history of the Jews in the Mark Brandenburg and their persecution. In 1510, the Brandenburg Jews were charged with host abuse and child murder in the Berlin host abuse trial . The reason for this was the break-in of the Knoblaucher Church and the associated theft of a gold-plated monstrance and two consecrated hosts . The process was followed by the expulsion of all Jews from the Mark Brandenburg in the same year.

Until the Reformation , garlic was a table good for the Bishop of Brandenburg , after which it belonged to the then Ziesar office . Knoblauch joined the Reformation around 1539 and, like most of the Mark, publicly supported Luther. At this time a kurfürstliches was Vorwerk near the village, which until the 18th century by electoral tenants was administered and was then taken over by the community as a tenant.

17th to 19th century

Knoblauch suffered from the burdens of war and the atrocities committed by the mercenaries in the Thirty Years War, as did the rest of the Havelland. Hunger and epidemics such as the plague determined life, and death was all too often felt as salvation. In spite of the famine, for example, on March 17, 1628, the garlic smokers had to provide 160 people and their animals with the billeting of a company of imperial troops . At the same time they had to provide an army car with the residents of Ketzin and Weseram .

On June 28, 1675, during the Swedish-Brandenburg War , the Swedes were expelled from Havelland in the Battle of Fehrbellin . Before that, however, they had looted the village and the church of Knoblauch.

The preachers from Etzin and Knoblauch have been listed by name since 1571, including Johann Peter Süßmilch (1707–1767), Joachim Friedrich Seegebarth (1714–1752), Gerhard Arnold Sybel (1773–1814), Johann Friedrich Ernst Duchstein (1784–1867) ).

The father of German statistics and demography , Johann Peter Süßmilch, was the pastor of Etzin and his garlic branch from 1741 onwards . On Sunday, August 13, 1741, the former field preacher gave his inaugural sermon as parish priest. "For this day (11th Sunday after Trinity), the king had a festival in honor of the capture of Breslau in First Silesian War arranged." On the exact theme of the inaugural sermon Siissmilch are no records before, but is certainly that of the command old Having followed Fritzen and preaching about this military success, after all, he had stood as a field preacher with his regiment shortly before at the Battle of Mollwitz outside Breslau . Since 1996 a memorial plaque for sweet milk in the village church of Etzin reminds of his time as pastor in Etzin und Knoblauch.

Süßmilch's successor as the local pastor was Joachim Friedrich Seegebarth. From 1752 Pastor Gelhar worked in Etzin and Knoblauch, under his leadership the church received a new interior painting and a pulpit. In 1770 the former house of the village tailor was converted into a village school. The students no longer had to go to Etzin for lessons. In 1773 and 1777, lightning strikes caused fire disasters on several farms in the village. In the "Moral-religious annals of Etzin and Knoblauch, presented by Inspector Hanstein" from 1803, created on the basis of a school and church visit in Knoblauch, neither the church nor the school received a good judgment.

During the coalition wars, French troops marched through the village and plundered. The subsequently imposed by the French contribution was the community impoverished. The painterly decoration of the church took place on the occasion of the celebrations for the victory over Napoléon at the end of the wars of liberation . In 1816 the affiliation of the village changed from the royal office of Ziesar to the domain office of Fahrland . Repair work was carried out on the church tower in 1817, and the church tower head and the associated flag were removed on September 15. A copper box with notes and coins from around 1726 was found in the church tower head. The flag and the church tower head were re- gilded and most of the church tower was covered over. After the construction work was completed, the copper box was refilled and with a message to the descendants on September 22, 1817, from pastor Johann Friedrich Ernst Duchstein (preacher to Etzin and Knobloch since 1812), the school teacher Friedrich Bauer, the court mayor Friedrich Wilhelm Henckel, the four-handed man and church and school inspector Johan Wilhelm Kühne and school director Joachim Frehlandt added. That message contained a report on the condition of the village. There were reports of 19 farms, two family houses, the schoolhouse, two shepherds' houses, the forge and the linen weaver's house. The report also contained a breakdown of the social composition of the villagers. In 1817 there were 135 residents over 12 years of age in the village, including a court mayor , a school principal, four Einhüfner , three Dreihüfner, one of whom was also a judge , four four-handed, one of whom was also a judge and another church and school inspector, a blacksmith and armorer and a yarn maker. The repair of the church and the construction of a new school in 1847 were certainly due to the war damage and the aforementioned report by Inspector Haustein. Life in the village took its regular course at this time and was marked by a little prosperity and progress. The Franco-German War also found its supporters in garlic, who cheered it and formed a warrior club after its end .

20th century and the end

92 garlic smokers went to the First World War , only a few of them returned. In the war years, many garlic farmers made good business despite poor harvests - for example in 1916, when the harvest only brought in half of the previous year's result due to poor weather conditions - thanks to the " hoarders " from Berlin. Despite good business, the end of the war is celebrated and welcomed everywhere during this time. In 1932 there was a big fire in garlic, eight farmsteads burned down one after the other. However, the arsonist was not caught. The farmers affected were well insured and were able to rebuild their buildings.

During the Second World War , the schoolhouse was used as quarters for a flak headlight department. In 1945 the military withdrew. About 350 refugees came to the village for this. On April 21, 1945 the war for the Knoblaucher came to an end with the entry of the Red Army . The population looted the local shops. On May 4, 1945, the war returned shortly after Knoblauch when German troops tried to break through to the west over Knoblauch and Tremmen . The German troops had holed up on the road between Vorketzin and Etzin. A capitulation was against a parliamentarian rejected the Red Army.

In the ensuing battle, the church and some houses were destroyed. A total of 51 Germans (50 soldiers and 1 civilian) and five Red Army soldiers fell victim to these last fighting.

During the land reform in 1945/1946, 124 hectares were divided among  ten applicants. In 1949/50 the village began to grow and the new farmers began building their own houses and stables. On March 20, 1953, an LPG was founded in Knoblauch . This cooperative was under the sponsorship of the SED - district headquarters Potsdam and was until 1955 a flagship operation, that of Walter Ulbricht , together with a Soviet was visited party and state delegation.

Natural gas production began in 1961 . As early as July, two oil rigs were in and two in front of the village. An underground storage facility was built by 1963 , which from 1965 was to deliver its stored natural gas to a network. On September 9, 1964, gas filling of the ring line from the underground storage began and the twelve probes were then closed. On December 31, 1964, Knoblauch had only 460 inhabitants; on July 1, 1950, the day it was incorporated into Ketzin, there were still 622. But since there was no extraordinary event at first, life in the gas storage facility quickly became a habit. This changed suddenly in the winter of 1965, when gas leaked for the first time and high levels of carbon monoxide were repeatedly measured in the air. As a result, emergency night quarters were set up for a quarter of the residents of Knoblauch, and they moved into in the evening. The next morning they returned to their own apartment to air them. There was no end to this situation in sight and was exacerbated by the explosion of a measuring probe in the summer of 1966. It took the drilling team 4 days to seal the site of the accident. The garlicers demanded clarification of the accident and information from those responsible and a guarantee that something like this would not happen again.

In October 1966 the place narrowly escaped a disaster when a valve on a probe behind the inn tore off. Like a fountain, a column of water, gas and sand rose and fell on the surrounding roofs. The residents put out the fire in their stoves and fled their homes. This damage has also been fixed. However, there were still increased CO levels , so that the Council of Ministers of the GDR decided on December 22, 1966 to relocate the Knoblaucher residents. The residents were housed in recently built new buildings in Markee , Falkenrehde and Ketzin. Those affected reported: “When the village had been cleared and the building materials had arrived, we organized. Of course, everyone needed cement and stones for their own dacha . And so it happened that the soil was not completely sealed. The residents of the remaining houses suddenly complained of nausea, and the cattle in the remaining stables fell over in rows. The escaping gas became a danger. But no one wanted to know anything about it, everything was kept in silence ... “The former residents of the village are said to have been compensated with such generosity that they were silent from that moment on, even to their closest relatives. How high the state compensation was exactly remains a mystery to this day. The houses, stables and the church were bought by the state and demolished - so the village of Knoblauch ceased to exist after almost 800 years.

Many of the former residents of Knoblauch found a new home at the end of 1967 in the new building blocks in Ketzin "Am Mühlenweg", the so-called Knoblaucher blocks that are still known today. Until the fall of the Berlin Wall, many of them found work in the Ketziner LPG "Otto Grotewohl", which specializes in egg and broiler production and was one of the wealthiest agricultural production cooperatives in the GDR. In a gas bubble explosion, two workers from the UGS underground gas storage facility were killed before the site was evacuated.
The location of the underground gas storage facility became the location of a pilot project for the separation and storage of CO 2 in 2004 . For this purpose, CO 2 was separated when converting brown coal into electricity and injected into the ground in Ketzin. As part of the pilot project, the possibility should now be checked whether the gas can be stored permanently and thus its climate impact is removed.

literature

  • Werner Heise: The Jews in the Mark Brandenburg until 1571. Verlag Dr. Emil Ebering, Berlin 1932.
  • Fritz Backhaus: The host desecration trials of Sternberg (1492) and Berlin (1510) and the expulsion of the Jews from Mecklenburg and the Mark Brandenburg. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History. 39, pp. 7-26 (1988).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Wille: From place to place through Havelland . Stattbuch Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-922778-57-7 , pages 111-113
  2. ↑ a b c d e Ketziner Heimatverein about garlic
  3. ↑ a b c d Gerd Heinrich (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 10: Berlin and Brandenburg. With Neumark and Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 311). 3rd, revised and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-520-31103-8 , pp. 240-241.
  4. ↑ Volume 7, page 488
  5. ^ Unity of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany . Party executive, Socialist Unity Party of Germany. Central Committee - 1947 "In February 1510 a burglary was committed in the church of the village of Knoblauch in Havelland, whereby the altar shrine ... In addition to the desecration of the host, there was now the suspicion of having laid hands on Christian children and murdered them."
  6. ↑ Jewish Family Research: 35-50 Arthur Czellitzer, Society for Jewish Family Research 1934 “They were accused of desecrating the host and it is almost the same Jews whom he allows to stay ... A Christian named Paul Fromm had garlic in the village Havelland from the church a monstrance and two hosts ... "
  7. ↑ Historical guide: sites and monuments of history Lutz Heydick, Günther Hoppe, Jürgen John (Dr. phil.) - 1987 - "... anti-Semitic tendencies (garlic) reflecting legend after alleged Jewish desecration of the host."
  8. ↑ Writings of the Association for the History of Berlin 1886 "... A break-in in the village church in Knoblauch in 1510, during which two hosts were stolen ... Jews of his country to intervene on suspicion of participating in that desecration of the host."
  9. ↑ Contributions to the history of the diocese of Regensburg 28 Association for the history of the Regensburg diocese in 1994 "... never accused of carrying out a desecration of the host like the Jews, although the accusation itself was regularly made, as in the infamous 'Hexenhammer' of 1487 (Jakob Sprenger / Heinrich Institoris) . ... e.g. the sacrilege in Iphofen (1294), Röttingen (1299), Brussels (1369/70) and Knoblauch (1510) ... "
  10. ↑ No stone remains on the other Martin Krapf - 1999 "In 1510 there was garlic ..."
  11. ↑ F. Holtze (ed.): Chronic records of a Berlin native from 1704 to 1758 . In: Writings of the Association for the History of Berlin . Berlin 1899, p. 69
  12. ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
  13. ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics (LDS) - Contribution to statistics - Historical municipality directory of the State of Brandenburg from 1875 to 2005 - Havelland district from December 2006
  14. ↑ http://www.co2ketzin.de/index.php?id=154

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 13.5 ″  N , 12 ° 51 ′ 57.1 ″  E