Knot foot

Knot foot
	Streptopus streptopoides subsp. japonicus at the natural site
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
Order :	Lily-like (Liliales)
Family :	Lily family (Liliaceae)
Subfamily :	Calochortoideae
Genre :	Knot foot
Scientific name
	Streptopus
	Michx.

The plant genus Twistedstalk ( Streptopus ) belongs to the family of the lily family (Liliaceae). The eleven or so species are common in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere .

description

Illustration of the stem-encompassing node foot ( Streptopus amplexifolius )

Foliage leaf from below and stalked flower of the stem-encompassing nodule ( Streptopus amplexifolius )

Streptopus lanceolatus stems, leaves and stalked flowers

Stems with leaves and stalked fruits of Streptopus streptopoides var. Japonicus

Appearance and leaves

The Streptopus species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . Creeping rhizomes are formed as persistence organs . The upright stems are simple or branched at the top.

Many sitting leaves are arranged alternately on the stem. The simple, relatively thin leaf blades are elliptical to egg-shaped with rounded to heart-shaped stem-encompassing (see also common name and specific epithet stem-encompassing node foot ( Streptopus amplexifolius )) base and pointed to pointed upper end. There is parallel veining and there are many leaf veins .

Inflorescences and flowers

There are only one or two flowers on thin inflorescence shafts. The axillary inflorescence shafts are fused with the stem along the length of an internode and therefore appear to arise from the next leaf and the inflorescence shaft is bent back together with the flower stalk (the generic name refers to this node foot ( Streptopus )), the transition from the inflorescence stem and flower stalk can be abrupt be.

The relatively small, bell-shaped or almost disc-shaped flowers are hermaphroditic, radial symmetry and threefold. The six almost identical, free bracts are upright to expanded or bent back and not durable. The three outer bracts are usually slightly wider than the three inner ones. The color of the lanceolate to oblong bracts is white to greenish-yellow or pink. There are two circles with three stamens each. The stamens inserted at or near the base of the bracts are short, wide and flat. The basifix, outwardly curved anthers have tiny pointed or pointed, bristle tips at the upper end. The three carpels are fused to form an upper, three- chamber ovary. Each ovary chamber rarely contains two or three, usually six to eight ovules . The slender to thick, columnar or very short style ends in a simple or three-lobed stigma.

Fruits and seeds

The ellipsoidal to spherical berry turns orange to dark red when ripe and contains a few or many seeds. The light yellow seeds are elongated with longitudinal furrows.

Chromosome numbers

The basic chromosome number is x = 8.

distribution

The Streptopus species are common in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere . There are five species in China, two of them only there. There are three types in North America. One species is also found in Europe.

Systematics

The genus Streptopus was established in 1803 by André Michaux in Flora Boreali-Americana , 1, pp. 200-201, plate 18. As Lectotypusart in 1874 Streptopus Distortus Michx. established by Ludwig Georg Karl Pfeiffer in Nom. , 2, p. 1301. The genus name Streptopus is made up of the Greek words streptos for twisted and pous for -footed, this refers to the curved or twisted inflorescence shafts. Synonyms for Streptopus Michx. are: Hexorima Raf. , Hekorima Kunth , Kruhsea Rule , Tortipes Small .

The genus Streptopus belongs to the subfamily Calochortoideae within the family Liliaceae , formerly in Calochortaceae, Convallariaceae, Uvulariaceae.

There are about eleven species of Streptopus :

Nodular foot encompassing the stem ( Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. , Syn .: Uvularia amplexifolia L. , Convallaria amplexifolia (L.) EHLKrause , Tortipes amplexifolius (L.) Small , Streptopus amplexifolius var. Genuinus Fassett nom. Inval., Uvularia amplexicaulis Mill . , Streptopus distortus Michx. , Convallaria dichotoma Thibaud ex Pers. , Uvularia distorta (Michx.) Pers. , Streptopus amplexifolius var. Americanus Schult. & Schult.f. , Streptopus amplexifolius var. Papillatus Ohwi , Streptopus amplexifolius var. Chalazatus Fassett , Streptopus amplexifolius var. denticulatus Fassett , Streptopus amplexifolius var. gRANDIFLORUS Fassett , Streptopus amplexifolius var. oreopolus Fassett , Streptopus amplexifolius f. indivisus Lepage , Streptopus amplexifolius subsp. americanus (Schult. & Schult.f.) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Streptopus fassetii Á.Löve & D.Löve ): It is widespread in Eurasia and North America.
Streptopus chatterjeeanus S.Dasgupta : This species, discovered in 2002 and published in 2003, only occurs in Sikkim .
Streptopus koreanus (Kom.) Ohwi , Syn .: Streptopus ajanensis var. Koreanus Kom. , Streptopus streptopoides var. Koreanus (Kom.) Kitam. : It occurs in Korea and the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin and Liaoning .
Streptopus lanceolatus (Aiton) Reveal , Syn .: Uvularia lanceolata Aiton , Streptopus roseus Michx. , Uvularia rosea (Michx.) Pers. , Hexorima dichotoma Raf. , Hekorima dichotoma Kunth , Hekorima atropurpurea fish. ex rule & tiling , Streptopus curvipes Vail , Streptopus longipes Fernald , Streptopus roseus f. simplex Vict. , Streptopus roseus var. Curvipes (Vail) Fassett , Streptopus roseus f. giganteus Fassett , Streptopus roseus var. longipes (Fernald) Fassett , Streptopus roseus var. typicus Fassett , Streptopus roseus subsp. curvipes (Vail) Hultén , Streptopus roseus f. indivisus Lepage , Streptopus roseus subsp. longipes (Fernald) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Streptopus roseus var. perspectus Fassett , Streptopus roseus subsp. perspectus (Fassett) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Streptopus lanceolatus var. curvipes (Vail) Reveal , Streptopus lanceolatus var. longipes (Fernald) Reveal , Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal : It is in Canada and the USA widespread.
Streptopus obtusatus Fassett , Syn .: Streptopus geniculatus F.T.Wang & Tang : It occurs in pine forests at altitudes between 2000 and 3600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , western Hubei , Shaanxi , Sichuan and Yunnan .
Streptopus × oreopolus Fernald : The nature hybrid of Streptopus amplexifolius × Streptopus lanceolatus occurs in eastern Canada.
Streptopus ovalis (Ohwi) FTWang & YCTang , Syn .: Disporum ovale Ohwi , Prosartes ovalis (Ohwi) MNTamura , Disporum ovale var. Albiflorum Y. Lee & N. Lee , Disporum ovale var. Tamnanum Y.N. Lee & NSLee , Disporum ovale f. albiflorum (Y.Lee & N.Lee) H.Hara : It is found in Korea and southwestern Liaoning.
Streptopus parasimplex H.Hara & H.Ohashi : It occurs from eastern Nepal to Bhutan .
Streptopus parviflorus Franch. , Syn .: Streptopus mairei H.Lév. : It occurs in forests, in thickets and on alpine meadows at altitudes between 2000 and 3500 meters only in southwestern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan .
Streptopus simplex D.Don : It occurs in southern Xizang , in Yunnan , Bhutan , Myanmar , Nepal and Sikkim .
Streptopus streptopoides (Ledeb.) Frye & Rigg : With two varieties in Alberta, British Columbia , Alaska , Idaho , Oregon , Washington and in Eastern Asia:
- Streptopus streptopoides var. Japonicus (Maxim.) Fassett : It is endemic to the northern and central part of the island of Honshu .
- Streptopus streptopoides (Ledeb.) Frye and rig var. Streptopoides

swell

Chen Xinqi & Minoru N. Tamura: Streptopus , p. 153 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5 (section description, distribution and systematics)
Frederick H. Utech: Streptopus , p. 145 - same text online as the printed work , Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 26 - Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press , New York and Oxford 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5 (section description, distribution and systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Frederick H. Utech: Streptopus , p. 145 - same text online as the printed work , Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 26 - Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Chen Xinqi & Minoru N. Tamura: Streptopus , p. 153 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5
↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
^ Streptopus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 17, 2013.
↑ ^a ^b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Streptopus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 17, 2013.
^ Streptopus on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 17, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Twistedstalk ( Streptopus ) - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Dale W. McNeal: Entry in the Jepson eFlora .

[FoNA-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Frederick H. Utech: Streptopus , p. 145 - same text online as the printed work , Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 26 - Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5

[FoC-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Chen Xinqi & Minoru N. Tamura: Streptopus , p. 153 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5

[biodiversitylibrary-3] First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

[tropicos-4] Streptopus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 17, 2013.

[WCSP-5] Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Streptopus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 17, 2013.

[GRIN-6] Streptopus on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 17, 2013.