German order coming from Nuremberg

Drawing of the Teutonic Order Coming 1625 - the wooden corridor was removed in 1632

The Teutonic Order Coming 1746

In the Church of St. Jakob in Nuremberg there is a collection of rebellion signs of the Teutonic Order that is unique in Franconia

The Coming Nuremberg was one of the most important Coming of the Teutonic Order . She belonged to the Ballei Franken and played a central role within the Ballei next to the main house, the land commander Ellingen . As part of the Teutonic Order, the Kommende Nürnberg was an imperial estate and, like the city itself, was directly subordinate to the emperor.

history

On February 20, 1209 , King Otto IV gave the Teutonic Order an imperial court in front of Nuremberg with the already existing Jakobskapelle. Here the order immediately set up a commander, which was only available at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. Century was included in the city of Nuremberg, as this built a new, larger city wall . In place of the Jakobskapelle, the Jakobskirche was built in 1283/90 .

In 1216, the later Emperor Friedrich II donated the St. Margaretha Castle Chapel at Nuremberg Castle to the order, and in 1230 a hospital built in 1210, which was later named after Elisabeth of Thuringia, who was canonized in 1235 , and which also contained the Elisabeth Chapel. With the Elisabethspital, the comrade looked after one of the largest German order hospitals in the Holy Roman Empire . In 1234 King Heinrich VII gave the order the Siechkobel St. Johannis , the Großweidenmühle , the Kleinweidenmühle and the Almosmühle .

Through further donations and purchases, the Kommende steadily expanded their possessions and had extensive goods as well as land and places in Nuremberg ( Deutschherrnwiese , Deutschherrenbleiche , Himpfelshof ) and in the Nuremberg area. In addition, the Kommende Nürnberg had rights and possessions in almost one hundred localities in Franconia , Swabia and the Upper Palatinate , which were organized in bailiwicks or offices (e.g. Postbauer , and Schneidheim , Hüttenheim etc.). Formerly independent comrades like Eschenbach were subordinated to the Commander Nuremberg.

In 1333 Emperor Ludwig IV. The Coming placed under the burgrave of Nuremberg as patron. Already in the middle of the 14th century due to the long lasting Lithuanian wars , the Teutonic Order had to sell a large part of its Nuremberg possessions, which were located within the city wall and outside the order buildings, to the imperial city of Nuremberg, because the order needed the funds to make substantial payments to the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a result of the defeat in the Battle of Tannenberg and the First Peace of Thorn .

In 1525 the Coming had to submit to the protection of the imperial city of Nuremberg in order to avoid the peasant uprising . Only a ruling by the Bundestag in Ulm in 1529 was able to free them from their dependency.

Nuremberg joined the Reformation in 1525, and the German Order Coming was the only Catholic enclave in the Evangelical Lutheran city. The imperial immediacy of the order and its denomination led to frequent disputes with the city. However, the city refrained from bringing the Teutonic Order committees into the city area by force, as they feared military counter-actions by the emperor. The coming party lost the free rights of use (not ownership) for the Jakobskirche to the imperial city. In 1528 the Inner Council filled the sermon position at St. Jakob with Johannes Frosch , the former Carmelite Prior of Augsburg and a friend of Martin Luther . In 1533 the council pushed through that the church service was celebrated in the churches of St. Jakob and St. Elisabeth according to the new Brandenburg-Nuremberg church order . The German master protested to no avail, and so in the period that followed there were only sporadic Catholic services for members of the order in St. Elisabeth. The service was held by the first chaplain ( praeses ), with the support of Capuchins from Neumarkt and priests traveling through, in the Elisabeth chapel behind closed doors. The hospital chapel was the predecessor of the Elisabethkirche .

It was not until 1601 that the Grand Master and Archduke of Austria Maximilian III. that Catholic masses were regularly celebrated in St. Elisabeth again.

During the Thirty Years' War at the time of the occupation by the Swedes, no more Catholic services could be held in the Elisabeth Chapel from 1632 to 1635. In 1632 King Gustav Adolf handed over the Church of St. James to the city of Nuremberg and initiated extensive renovations. In the course of the Peace of Westphalia , the Jakobskirche was returned to the Teutonic Order in 1648.

While the order never reached a final settlement with the imperial city until the end of the 18th century, it fundamentally reached an agreement with the margravates in several recesses, whereby only the exchange of the scattered holdings around Dietenhofen west of Nuremberg, which mostly belonged to the Ulsenbach office, for formerly Heilsbronn Monastery belonging goods should be mentioned as an example. The administrative reform of the order of 1789, in which the Ballei Franken was incorporated into the Meistertum Mergentheim , transformed the Kommende Nürnberg into an Obervogteiamt and subordinated this to the newly formed Oberamt Ellingen. The Hardenberg "Revindication" in 1796 only concerned the goods located in Ansbach (Eschenbach), which France then handed over to Bavaria on August 1, 1806. The Postbauer office had already taken possession of it on November 16, 1805; the Coming Party in Nuremberg finally followed along with the Imperial City on September 27, 1806. The Nuremberg Order of the Teutons was abolished in 1806 by the Kingdom of Bavaria and finally secularized in 1809. After 600 years, the Teutonic Order ceased to exist in Nuremberg.

In 1785 the construction of St. Elisabeth's Church began, but could not be completed at the time of the Teutonic Order in Nuremberg. After the secularization, the unfinished dome was used as a state building warehouse and military depot, later as an emergency church. The church was not completed until 1902 and was the second Catholic parish church in Nuremberg after the Frauenkirche.

Commander of the Coming Nuremberg (excerpt)

Arnold (approx. 1236)
Cunradus (between 1236 and 1241)
Bertoldus (before 1241-1242)
Walther von Hornberg (1259)
Heinricus (1262)
Cunradus (1267)
Ulrich of Ulm (1271/72)
Konrad von Ursensollen (1279–1289)
Marquard von Mässing (1291-1295)
Lockpick of Abominations (1303)
Konrad von Gundelfingen (1305/1306)
Ulrich von Trockau (1311-1313)
Zurch of Stetten (1316/17)
Berthold von Henneberg (1318–1329)
Ludwig von Eyb (1326) (?)
Heinrich von Heimburg (1329)
Eberhard von Hertenstein (1339)
Poppo von Henneberg (1344)
Otto von Heideck (1344)

Heinrich von Keilholz (1344)
Kunemund (1345)
Rudolf von Staufeneck (1350)
Hermann kitchen master von Nordenberg (1350)
Poppo von Henneberg (1350/51)
Gottfried Fuchs (1356, 1358–1360, 1362–1369)
Heinrich von Rindsmaul (1356/57)
Ludwig von Wertheim (1372–1389)
Konrad von Egloffstein (1390-1392)
Ludwig von Wertheim (1393–1419)
Arnold von Hirschberg (1419–1424)
Johann von Frankenstein (1426/27)
Eberhard von Stetten (1429–1443)
Ulrich von Lentersheim (1444–1448)
Simon of Leonrod (1449/50)
Hartung von Egloffstein (1451–1460)
Martin of Eyb (1463/64)
Melchior von Neuneck (1476–1491)
Wolfgang von Eisenhofen (1492–1527)

Philipp von Heusenstein
Philipp von Weingarten (around 1542)
Meinhard von Wallbronn
Hans Melchior Keller from Schleiten
Hans Hercules von Berlichingen (1560–1565)
Volpert von Schwalbach (around 1571)
Johann Konrad Schutzbar called Milchling (around 1612)
Caspar Moritz von Türheim
Georg Wilhelm von Elkershausen (1643–1654) (?)
Anselm Kasimir Friedrich Groschlag von Dieburg
Johann Adolf Loesch von Hilkerthausen (1658–1663)
Georg Eitel Rau von Holzhausen (1677–1681)
Karl Schweikard von Sickingen (1687–1693)
Adam Maximilian of Ow (1702)
Friedrich Wilhelm von Harstall (1706/1707)
Philipp Benedikt Forest Master of Gelnhausen
Hans Johann von Knöringen (1718–1735)
Konrad Christoph von Lehrbach (1764–1767)
Georg Carl Adam von Hirschberg (1767–1787)

After secularization

Deutschhaus barracks - around 1910

After secularization, the area was used as a cavalry barracks. In the years 1862–1865 the main buildings of the order were demolished and replaced by the new building of the Gothic-style Deutschhaus barracks. In 1906 it was considered to build the Nuremberg Palace of Justice on the site of the Deutschhauskaserne, but this plan was dropped. During the Nazi regime, the headquarters of the Secret State Police in Nuremberg was housed in the barracks .

At the end of the Second World War , the Deutschhauskaserne was largely destroyed by bombs and then demolished. The offices of the Police Headquarters in Middle Franconia were rebuilt on the site .