Království
Království (German: Königswald ) is a forest in Moravia . Formerly an important supplier of raw materials for the city of Olomouc , the extensive alluvial forest is now a nature reserve and retreat for plant and animal species that have become rare in the intensely agricultural Hanna plain .
Geography and geology
The forest is located about 8 kilometers southeast of Olomouc, between Grygov , Majetín , Dub nad Moravou and Charváty . The almost 600 hectare site is part of the land registry of the Grygov and Charváty municipalities. To the west, the reserve is bounded by the Morávka, a tributary of the March . The eastern border is the railway line between Olomouc and Přerov . The terrain is flat, the average height is 204 mnm. The subsoil is formed by Quaternary sand and gravel sediments of the March, on which deep clay soils of the Gley type have formed.
Flora and fauna
The predominant forest type is a hardwood floodplain of the Querco-Ulmetum type , which changes into a hornbeam forest in many places due to the lower water table. Pedunculate oak , common ash , winter linden , white elm , field elm , black poplar , field maple and common bird cherry dominate the floodplains . In the herb layer , wood anemones , yellow anemones , hollow larkspur , forest yellow star and high cowslip provide a rich spring aspect , later wild garlic is added. A special feature is the occurrence of Carpathian elements such as the umbel , which have reached the western limit of their habitat. Seggenried has settled in depressions and on damp places . Here are frequently shore sedge , Carex stricta , water cress , Marsh iris and the endangered water spring to find their stocks characterize the area in periodically dry falling ponds.
Endangered plant species
A number of rare or endangered plant species grow in the reserve, such as the broad-leaved stendellum , the Turkish union and the real daphne . According to the Red List , loose-flowered bluegrass , Kashubian buttercup and Immenblatt are considered endangered . In the category of potentially endangered fall Rispige's Lily , Hain-Burdock , Real centaury , Raue Nelke , rod-shaped spurge , thalictrum shell flowers , oak mistletoe , White cinquefoil , Hedge Wicke , Wonder Violet , Mistletoe , Southeast Arum , Spurge and Fingered Larkspur .
Endangered species
Two critically endangered crabs ( fairy crayfish and scaled tail ) live in the pools . Rare or endangered some of the occurring here ground beetles (Hill beetles, Shifting ground beetle, Carabus Ullrichii), amphibian ( newt , alpine newt , European tree frog , agile frog , pond frog , toad , green toad ) and reptiles ( Waldeidechse , sand lizard , slow worm , grass snake ) . The forest provides nesting sites for 63 bird species, including the sparrowhawk , wryneck and oriole , and another 45 use them for foraging or resting.
History and Development
From the 14th century the forest belonged to the city of Olomouc. Originally royal property, Wenceslaus III gave it to him . (King of Bohemia 1305–1306) the citizens of the city. The city council only received the deed of donation after years of dispute with the local landlord Unka von Majetín and the payment of 50 pounds of silver in 1352. The forest was tended as coppice and served as a supplier of firewood for households and until modern times for them lime kilns from Grygov. Since the transition to the high forest economy, some monocultures have emerged , and stocks of non-indigenous red oak and conifers ( spruce , pine , larch ) have been established. The Království nature reserve was declared in 1995 on 309.47 hectares. The primary protection goal is to maintain or restore the natural composition of the forest and to contain other negative influences. In addition to the forestry aspects, these include keeping mallards , pheasants and turkeys in enclosures and, above all, the lowering of the water table, which further accelerates the transformation of the alluvial forest into a hornbeam forest. There are no marked paths through the reserve. Access is not permitted from April 1st to June 30th and from August 1st to October 15th.
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 49 ° 30 '43 " N , 17 ° 17' 48" E