Brixen Nativity Museum
The Brixen Crib Museum is part of the Diocesan Museum in the Hofburg of Brixen at Hofburgplatz 2. It houses cribs from three centuries, which come from Tyrol and Italy. During the Christmas season, the Nativity Scene Museum can also be visited independently of the Diocesan Museum. The specialty of the Brixen Nativity Scene Museum is that not only Christmas nativity scenes can be seen here, but the entire salvation process is illustrated.
history
In the years around 1910 the idea arose to set up its own crib collection in the diocesan museum, which opened in 1901. But it was only in 1930 that nativity halls could be opened within the museum in the canon court. At the time, the center of the exhibition was the Lodron nativity scene with 5000 figures. From 1951 to 1997 Karl Wolfsgruber headed the Diocesan Museum, who in 1956 acquired the Nißl crib and expanded the collection. In 1976 the nativity scene collection in the Brixen Hofburg was reorganized. The rooms on the ground floor, the former kitchen and storage wing, which has beautiful groin and barrel vaults from around 1600, have been thoroughly renovated for this purpose. Otto Elberskirch and Gottfried Valentini made the backdrops and boxes for the crib figures on display.
Exhibits
The Infant Jesus of Prague
This picture of the Christ Child comes from the inventory of the Brixen court church and was placed on the chapel altar at Christmas time. It is in a carved and gilded glass case; his head and hands are made of wax. The figure is dressed in a brocade dress with rich lace and a pearl necklace around the neck. In the left hand the child carries an imperial orb, which is supposed to symbolize his coming rule. The model for this depiction was the miraculous image of the Infant Jesus of Prague .
Baroque wooden crib
The flat figures of this crib were cut from boards and painted around 1760 by various artists who are close to baroque painting in the Upper Puster Valley . This nativity scene was certainly set up in a church, but probably on a side altar because of its small dimensions. The figures represent four different scenes: The journey to Bethlehem was probably set up between December 17 and 23, the Adoration of the Shepherds between December 24 and 31, Circumcision on January 1 and the Adoration of the Kings from December 5. January.
Baroque crib by the pharmacist Johann Georg Franck
This nativity scene shows the adoration of the shepherds and the adoration of the kings in 66 figures. As they are presented without a backdrop, their artistic design comes into its own. The figures are draped and have modeled wax heads. Since the crib is owned by the Brixen court pharmacist Dr. Johann Georg Franck comes, in whose house in Lauben 8 the English ladies temporarily stayed from 1739 to 1745 , it is assumed that they made the figures. Franck is depicted in the form of a man kneeling on the prayer stool. The valuable nativity scene was donated to the museum in 1993.
Neapolitan crib by Giuseppe Sammartino
This nativity scene consists of only six figures and is definitely only a fragment of a large, large nativity scene with many figures. It consists of the Holy Family in a ruined stable and the figures of a cooper and three market women. The Neapolitan crib carver Giuseppe Sammartino (1720–1792) sculpted the figures very realistically in clay; the fleshy sections are set and the figures are clothed. The crib comes from the Dr. Engelhardt in Munich .
Sicilian crib by Giuseppe Vaccaro
The nativity scene comprising 49 figures from the Sicilian workshop of Giuseppe Vaccaro (1808–1889) in Caltagirone was created in the mid-19th century. The adoration of the shepherds and the kings is depicted in genre-like scenes. In 1993 the crib from Fabio Fabbiani's estate came to the museum.
Christmas crib by Johann Giner
Johann Giner the Elder's crib Ä. (1756–1833) from Thaur consists of two scenes: the Adoration of the Shepherds shows the message to the shepherds of the birth of Jesus in the background and the procession of the shepherds to the manger in 59 figures and 32 animals in the foreground; the Adoration of the Magi consists of 70 figures. The backdrops for the pastoral scene were painted by the restorer Josef Leiter, while those for the royal scene were painted by Orazio Gaigher .
Christmas cycle by Franz Xaver Nißl
The Christmas cycle by the sculptor Franz Xaver Nißl from Fügen was commissioned by Prince-Bishop Karl Franz von Lodron in 1794 . It consists of six larger and nine smaller scenes from the beginning of the New Testament, including the garden of the prophets, the census, the Adoration of the Shepherds, the Adoration of the Magi, the Bethlehemite Child Murder , Herod's Descent into Hell and the Wedding at Cana . The compact plasticity and expressive characterization of his figures are characteristic of Nißl's portrayal.
Lent nativity scene by Franz Xaver Nißl
Also in 1794 Nißl created his multi-figure Lenten Crib, which was set up in the Hofburg Church at the time of Prince-Bishop Lodron. The individual scenes show the prayer on the Mount of Olives , Christ before Anna and the little council, Christ before Caiaphas and the high council , Christ before Pilate , Christ before Herod , Ecce homo , the Way of the Cross to Golgotha and the crucifixion.
Annual nativity scene from the Probst brothers
The largest nativity scene in the collection is the Probst brothers' annual nativity scene with more than 5000 figures and over fifty scenes. It was also commissioned by Prince-Bishop Lodron and stood in his anteroom, with a different scene being shown every Sunday. It was started by Augustin Alois Probst (1758-1807) from Sterzing , who worked for the prince-bishop from 1792. After his death, his half-brother, Josef Benedikt Probst (1773–1861) continued the work and completed it. After the Prince-Bishop's death, the huge nativity scene was bought by the Zieglauer family in Bruneck . The clergyman Eduard von Zieglauer (1841–1900) gave them to the Prince-Bishop of Brixen, Simon Aichner , who gave them to the diocesan museum , which was in the process of being built. It thus formed the basis of the Brixen Crib Museum.
Noteworthy are seven scenes which depict the sacrifices and festivals of Judaism and which are placed in front of the representations from the church year in the museum presentation. They show the burnt offering in the forecourt of the temple, the bloodless sacrifice inside the temple, the Sabbath prayer in the synagogue, the slaughter of the Passover lambs, the domestic preparation for the Passover festival, the first harvest festival and the feast of tabernacles.
This is followed by twelve scenes from the Christmas festival circle: the birth and upbringing of Mary , preparatory events for the birth of Christ, census in Bethlehem and search for a hostel, birth of Christ with adoration of the shepherds, presentation in the temple , the three kings with Herod, the procession of the kings to Bethlehem, the Adoration of the kings, the Bethlehemitic child murder, the flight to Egypt , the domestic life of the holy family in Nazareth , the twelve-year-old Jesus in the temple, the sermon and baptism of John the Baptist and the wedding at Cana.
Eight scenes show events from Christ's teaching and miracles: the cleaning of the temple , the dance of Salome and the beheading of John, the miracles of Jesus, the transfiguration on Mount Tabor , the wonderful multiplication of the bread and Jesus as a friend of children, the storm on the Sea of Galilee , the raising of Lazarus and the feast in the house of the Pharisee with the washing of feet by Mary Magdalene .
The Passion of Christ comprises 12 scenes: the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem, the washing of the feet and the Last Supper , the Mount of Olives scenes, Christ before Caiaphas, Christ before Pilate, mistreatment and flagellation of Christ, Pilate washing his hands and condemnation of Christ, the Way of the Cross, the erection of the cross, Christ's last words on the cross, the death of Christ on the cross, as well as the descent from the cross and burial.
The conclusion is made up of five post-Easter scenes: the resurrection of Jesus Christ , the appearance of the risen Christ in the Upper Room, the appearance of the risen Christ in Galilee , the ascension of Christ and Pentecost .
Paper cribs by Josef Romed Kramer
Josef Romed Kramer (1783–1855) from Thaur made the large paper crib with various Christmas scenes. It depicts the Annunciation to the Shepherds, the Adoration of the Angels and Shepherds, the Circumcision of Jesus, the Adoration of the Kings and the procession of the Kings. Apparently this nativity scene was created for a Capuchin monastery, as two Capuchins are depicted below the figures . In 1956 this nativity scene came to the museum from Mauls .
Peep box nativity scenes by Martin Engelbrecht
Of the 838 different paper cribs from the Dr. Werner Engelhardt in Munich, which includes exhibits from the 18th to the 20th century from all over Europe and the United States, colored peep-box nativity scenes by Martin Engelbrecht (1684–1756) are on display in rooms 5 and 6 of the Nativity Scene Museum: Deluge , Tower of Babel , Daniel in the den of lions , birth of Christ, offering in the temple, adoration of the kings, marriage of Mary, Bethlehmite child murder, twelve-year-old Jesus in the temple, washing of feet, mount of olives, Christ before Caiaphas, fall of man, holy grave, Christ before Pilate, crucifixion and last judgment .
Wax crib from the Cetto workshop
The box crib was set up as a church crib on a side altar of the Brixen Cathedral during the Christmas season until 1928 . It is attributed to the workshop of Johann Baptist Cetto (around 1671–1738) and his son Nikolaus Engelbert Cetto (1713–1746) from Tittmoning . She could have come to Brixen from Salzburg under Prince Bishop Joseph von Spaur .
Ivory cribs
The two small figural cribs made of ivory come from the Capuchin monastery in Klaus and were probably created around 1700 by a master from Genoa . The architecture for the figures is made of tortoise shell.
Panoramic crib by Ferdinand Plattner
The panorama nativity scene is an oriental style nativity scene that tries to reproduce the historical events of Christmas as accurately as possible. Ferdinand Plattner carved the figures around 1924 while the buildings were being built in the Sarns Nativity Carving School , where Plattner was a pastor. Orazio Gaigher painted the backdrops.
Christmas crib by Alexander Dejaco d. Ä.
The carver Alexander Dejaco d. Ä. (1877–1936) from Wengen had been running a workshop in Brixen since the turn of the century. The nativity scene exhibited here is one of his best works. It was made in 1919 for the Brixen hospital chapel and was installed in the right transept of the cathedral between 1928 and 1939. On it you can see the search for a hostel, the adoration of the shepherds and the adoration of the kings.
Baroque church crib made of meadows
The Christmas crib consists of 55 dressed figures, with the shepherds wearing traditional Wipptal costumes around 1770. It comes from the parish church of St. Cross in meadows . The train of the shepherds to the stable and the train of the kings are shown. The background is formed by the facades of Tyrolean town houses.
Terracotta nativity scene by Maria Delago
Maria Delago (1902–1979) created the nativity scene from 74 terracotta figures in 1938 in Munich. It was donated to the museum by Walther Amonn in 1986 . The figures were modeled in terracotta and fired in a wood oven in colored glaze. The earthy colors of the figures are typical of the artist.
Christmas cradle
The Christ child cradle comes from the Vienna Hofburg , with the child Jesus lying in a four-poster bed made of wax. It was probably made in Vienna around 1720 .
literature
- Leo Andergassen : The crib museum in the Hofburg Brixen . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2004, ISBN 3-7954-6438-2
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 42 ′ 53.8 " N , 11 ° 39 ′ 21.6" E