List of the rulers of the Electoral Palatinate
The list of the rulers of the Electoral Palatinate contains all the Palatine counts ruling in the later Electoral Palatinate near Rhine and all holders of the associated Palatinate electoral dignity . Not listed are dukes of Bavaria who carried the title of Count Palatinate but did not rule in the Palatinate, as well as ruling members of Palatine branch lines who did not hold the electoral dignity.
The series of Count Palatine near Rhine began in 1085 after the death of the last Count Palatine of Lorraine , whose widow Adelheid married Heinrich von Laach in third marriage and brought the Palatinate into the marriage. In 1156, Emperor Friedrich I transferred the Palatinate Countess near Rhine to his half-brother Konrad ; after his death in 1195 it fell to the Guelph Henry of Brunswick . After Heinrich's son of the same name died childless in 1214, King Friedrich II gave the Palatinate to the Wittelsbacher Ludwig den Kelheimer . All later Count Palatine and thus also the Electors of the Palatinate came from the House of Wittelsbach. The Count Palatine officially received the electoral dignity through the Golden Bull in 1356, which they lost to the Dukes of Bavaria in 1623 . After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, an eighth cure was set up for the Palatinate ( causa palatina ), which coincided with the old cure again with the extinction of the Bavarian Wittelsbachers in 1777.
List of the rulers of the Electoral Palatinate
| Surname | family | Term of office | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heinrich von Laach | Wigeriche | Palatine count near the Rhine 1085 / 1087-1095 | married the widow of the last Count Palatine of Lorraine |
| Siegfried von Ballenstedt | Ascanians | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1095 / 1097–1113 | Stepson and adopted son of his predecessor |
| Gottfried von Calw | Calw | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1113–1129 | since 1126 as guardian for his successor Wilhelm |
| Wilhelm von Ballenstedt | Ascanians | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1126–1140 | until 1129 under the tutelage of Gottfried, childless |
| Otto I. von Rheineck | Salm | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1136–1140 | with his stepson Wilhelm, deposed after his death |
| Heinrich Jasomirgott | Babenberger | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1140–1141 | since 1141 margrave of Austria |
| Hermann von Stahleck | Steel corner | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1142 / 1143–1156 | from his brother-in-law Konrad III. elevated to the count palatine |
| Konrad | Staufer | Count Palatine of the Rhine 1156–1195 | elevated to the rank of Count Palatine by his half-brother Friedrich I. |
| Heinrich the Elder | Guelphs | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1195–1212 / 1213 | 1212/1213 waiver in favor of his son of the same name |
| Heinrich the Younger | Guelphs | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1212 / 1213–1214 | Son of his predecessor, childless |
| Ludwig I. the Kelheimer | Wittelsbach | Count Palatine of the Rhine 1214–1231 | together with his son Otto II. |
| Otto II the illustrious | Wittelsbach | Count Palatine near Rhine 1214 / 1228–1253 | until 1231 together with his father Ludwig I. |
| Heinrich (XIII.) | Lower Bavaria (Wittelsbach) | Count Palatine of the Rhine 1253–1255 | with brother Ludwig II., 1255 waiver in his favor |
| Ludwig II the severity | Upper Bavaria (Wittelsbach) | Count Palatine of the Rhine 1253–1294 | until 1255 together with his brother Heinrich (XIII.) |
| Rudolf I the Stammler | Upper Bavaria (Wittelsbach) | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1294–1317 | with brother Ludwig (IV.), 1317 waiver in his favor |
| Ludwig (IV.) | Upper Bavaria (Wittelsbach) | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1294 / 1301–1329 | 1329 waiver in favor of the descendants of Rudolf I. |
| Rudolf II the blind | Palatinate (Wittelsbach) | Count Palatine near the Rhine 1329–1353 | together with his brother Ruprecht I. |
| Ruprecht I. | Palatinate (Wittelsbach) | Count Palatine near the Rhine or Elector Palatinate 1329–1390 | until 1353 together with his brother Rudolf II, one of the seven electors since 1356, childless |
| Ruprecht II | Palatinate (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1390–1398 | Grandson of Rudolf I. |
| Ruprecht III. | Palatinate (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1398–1410 | Roman-German king since 1400 |
| Ludwig III. | Older spa line (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1410–1436 | eldest son of his predecessor Ruprecht III. |
| Ludwig IV. | Older spa line (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1436–1449 | until 1445 under the tutelage of Otto von Pfalz-Mosbach |
| Philip the Sincere | Older spa line (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1449–1451 and 1476–1508 | until 1451 under the tutelage of his uncle Friedrich I, deposed by him, in 1476 his successor |
| Frederick I the Victorious | Older spa line (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1451–1476 | Guardian Philip took over the government himself in 1451 |
| Ludwig V. the peacemaker | Older spa line (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1508–1544 | eldest son of his predecessor Philipp, childless |
| Frederick II the Wise | Older spa line (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1544–1556 | younger brother of his predecessor Ludwig V, childless |
| Ottheinrich | Older spa line (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1556–1559 | Philip's grandson, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg since 1505, childless |
| Friedrich III. the pious one | Palatinate-Simmern (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1559–1576 | Descendant of Ruprecht III, also Count Palatinate of Pfalz-Simmern |
| Louis VI. | Palatinate-Simmern (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1576–1583 | Son of his predecessor Friedrich III. |
| Friedrich IV. | Palatinate-Simmern (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1583–1610 | until 1592 under the tutelage of his uncle Johann Kasimir |
| Friedrich V. | Palatinate-Simmern (Wittelsbach) | Elector of the Palatinate 1610–1623 | 1619–1620 King of Bohemia , 1623 loss of the electorate |
| Maximilian I. | Bavarian line of the House of Wittelsbach | Elector Palatinate 1623–1648 | received the Palatinate cure together with the Upper Palatinate and the Electoral Palatinate on the right bank of the Rhine (until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648) at the Regensburg Princes' Congress in 1623 |
| Karl I. Ludwig | Palatinate-Simmern (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1648–1680 | Son of Friedrich V, received a new Palatinate cure in 1648 and the parts of the Electoral Palatinate on the Rhine |
| Charles II | Palatinate-Simmern (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1680–1685 | Son of his predecessor Karl I. Ludwig, childless |
| Philipp Wilhelm | Pfalz-Neuburg (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1685–1690 | Descendant of Ruprecht III, also Duke of Jülich and Berg |
| Johann Wilhelm | Pfalz-Neuburg (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1690–1716 | also Duke von Jülich and Berg, no surviving children |
| Charles III Philip | Pfalz-Neuburg (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1716–1742 | younger brother Johann Wilhelm, no surviving sons |
| Charles IV Theodore | Pfalz-Sulzbach (Wittelsbach) | Elector Palatinate 1742–1777 | Descendant of Ruprecht III, 1777–1799 Elector Palatinate-Bavaria , no surviving sons |
| Surname | family | Term of office | Remarks |
See also: Vicariate coins of the Electoral Palatinate, including the list of vicarious electors
literature
- Armin Kohnle : A short history of the Electoral Palatinate . G. Braun, Karlsruhe 2005, ISBN 3-7650-8329-1 .
- Klaus-Jürgen Matz : Who ruled when? Regent tables for world history. From the beginning to the present . 6th edition. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-32523-2 , pp. 314-315 .
-
Meinrad Schaab : History of the Electoral Palatinate .
- Vol. 1: Middle Ages . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-17-015673-X .
- Vol. 2: Modern times . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-17-009877-2 .
- Alexander Schweickert: Electoral Palatinate . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-17-014038-8 .