Leimbach (Rhine)

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Leimbach
Oberlaufname to Balzfeld: Bettelbach
The Leimbach in Brühl

The Leimbach in Brühl

Data
Water code DE : 23794
location

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Rhine  → North Sea
source about 1.7 km southeast of the center of Balzfeld in Schlupfert
49 ° 15 ′ 24 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 13 ″  E
Source height approx.  204  m above sea level NN
muzzle about 2.6 km west of the center of Brühl on the border with Edinger Ried at Rhine kilometer 409.96 from the right and east into the Rhine Coordinates: 49 ° 23 ′ 46 ″  N , 8 ° 29 ′ 59 ″  E 49 ° 23 ′ 46 ″  N , 8 ° 29 ′ 59 ″  E
Mouth height 90.6  m above sea level NN
Height difference approx. 113.4 m
Bottom slope approx. 3 ‰
length 37.8 km 
with the upper course Bettelbach
Catchment area 200.032 km²
Discharge at the Wiesloch
A Eo gauge : 114 km²
Location: 25.1 km above the mouth 		NNQ (07.10.1944)
MNQ 1944/2009
MQ 1944/2009
Mq 1944/2009
 MHQ 1944/2009
HHQ (18.06.1978) 		77 l / s
374 l / s
806 l / s
7.1 l / (s km²)
 9.57 m³ / s
21.5 m³ / s
Left tributaries Waldangelbach
Right tributaries Gauangelbach
Residents in the catchment area 157,000

The Leimbach is a brook in the Rhein-Neckar district with a total length of 38 km and a catchment area of ​​200 km². Its main tributaries are the Gauangelbach and the Waldangelbach . The Leimbach rises in Kraichgau near Balzfeld , municipality of Dielheim , and flows into the Upper Rhine near Brühl .

geography

course

The source of the Leimbach is located southeast of the Dielheim district of Balzfeld in the western edge of the area of ​​the city of Sinsheim . From here the brook, still known as Bettelbach for its first three kilometers , flows northwest through the town centers of Balzfeld (from here: Leimbach), Dielheim and the Horrenberg district. Then he crosses the city of Wiesloch . Then the water on the eastern edge of the Upper Rhine Plain turns north, following the course of the Karlsruhe-Heidelberg railway and initially also the border from Wiesloch to Walldorf . On the north-western border of the Wiesloch urban area, the water flow is divided by a weir into the Hardtbach relief canal (left) and the Kraichbach (right).

After the weir, the Leimbach flows through the villages of Nußloch , St. Ilgen and Leimen . Then it turns close to Sandhausen on the west run. The water passes by far the sand houses hamlet Bruchhausen and the Heidelberger Hofgruppe Neurott and reaches the community of Oftersheim downstream . In the center of the village, the Leimbach changes to the north-west course and crosses into the settlement area of ​​the neighboring town of Schwetzingen at the local border . There it feeds the moat system at Schwetzingen Castle . Then the stream flows west, in a small arc around the settlement area of Brühl . After a short stretch of river in the municipality of Ketsch , it reaches the Brühl district. At the Wiesengrund playground, the Kraichbach leaves the settlement area of ​​Brühl and is now heading for the Schwetzinger Wiesen-Edinger Ried nature reserve. Last of all, it flows at 90.6  m above sea level. NHN opposite the Brühler Kollerinsel at Rhine kilometer 409.96 in the Rhine (see map).

From the confluence of the Waldangelbach in Wiesloch to the confluence with the Rhine, the Leimbach is a so-called first-order body of water in accordance with Section 3 Paragraph 1 Clause 3 and Annex WG of the Baden-Württemberg Water Act. The same classification applies to the Landgraben tributary and the Hardtbach relief canal .

A signposted cycle path from the mouth of the Leimbach to Sinsheim leads for long stretches along the Leimbach. The route is a project of the Heidelberg-Mannheim neighborhood association together with the cities and communities on the Leimbach.

Tributaries

Tributaries from the origin to the mouth.

Origin of the Leimbach in Balzfeld from the confluence of its two upper courses. The Leimbach flows in continuation of the direction of its longer upper course initially further northwest.

  • Bettelbach , right upper reaches from the southeast
  • Bruchgraben , left upper course aius the southwest
  • Goldbach , from the right to Balzfeld
  • Erlenbach , from the left between Balzfeld and Horrenberg
  • Hohberggraben , from the left in front of Horrenberg
  • Street well ditch , from right to Horrenberg
  • Krebsbach , from the right at Unterhof
  • Gauangelbach , from the right near the Erlenbachhof in Dielheim
  • Aschbach , left branch to Dielheim, goes off shortly before the previous one
  • Hundswiesengraben , from the left in Dielheim
  • Eckertsbruchgraben , from the left at the end of Dielheim
  • Schlangengrundgraben , from the right at Altwiesloch
  • Waldangelbach , from the left in Wiesloch
  • → (exit of the Hardtbach ), to the left after the Wiesloch sewage treatment plant
  • Dörrbachgraben , from the right a few meters after the previous one
  • Saugrundgraben , from the right at the entrance to Nussloch
  • × (passing under the ditch ), from the right on the northern edge of Sandhausen ; the drainage ditch arising on the northern edge of Nussloch to the right of the Leimbach then runs on the southwestern edge of Leimen and after crossing the Leimbach for a long time to the left until it joins it from the left at the entrance to Oftersheim. It is the last significant tributary of the Leimbach.According
    to maps from the 1870s, the Landgraben was separated from the Leimbach at the Oberen Mühle (also Giessorsmühle ) south of Nussloch, then ran west of the Leimbach through what is now the Nusslocher Wiesen nature reserve , crossed under the Nussloch     Wiesen west of Nussloch Leimbach and then reached today's starting point of the water.

Mouth of the Leimbach from the right in the Upper Rhine approx. 2 km west of Brühl between the districts of Brühl on the left and the larger south-western exclave of Edingen-Neckarhausen on the right. The Kraichbach , fed by the Leimbach junction Hardtbach and finally running in the Ketscher Altrhein , flows only about a kilometer further up the Rhine .

places

Places on the run with their affiliations. Only the names of the lowest nesting level denote neighboring settlements. Upper course Bettelbach :

Rhein-Neckar district

Leimbach himself:

Leimbach in Wiesloch
Leimbach in Nussloch, below the Konrad-Adenauer-Ring
    • Nußloch (formerly Koppertsmühle am Lauf, today: Behind the Mühle)
    • Nußloch (village, especially on the right)
  • City of Leimen
Leimbach near Sandhausen

Independent city of Heidelberg

Rhein-Neckar district

  • Sandhausen community

Independent city of Heidelberg

  • Kirchheim district
    • Neurott (farmer's settlement, some distance to the right)
Leimbach in Schwetzingen

Rhein-Neckar district

Leimbach estuary into the Rhine
    • Aussiedlerhöfe in the upper field (some distance to the left)
    • Altneurott (Aussiedlerhof, some distance to the right)
    • Oftersheim (village)
  • City of Schwetzingen
  • community ketch
    • (no settlement on the barrel)
  • Brühl municipality
    • Part of the municipality of Brühl
      • Brühl (village, almost only on the right)
  • City of Schwetzingen
    • western city exclave (no settlement)
  • Brühl municipality
    • Part of the municipality of Brühl
      • (no settlement on the run, left)

Hardtbach relief sewer

Hardtbach weir between Walldorf and Nussloch

The Hardtbach is branched off from the Leimbach east of Walldorf by a modern weir. It then flows through the Schwetzinger Hardt forest area and, after 13 kilometers north of the Hockenheim-Talhaus industrial area, joins the Kraichbach at the Seehausschleuse . The Schwetzinger Hardt is divided by the Hardtbach-Lauf into the Hockenheimer Hardt (in the south) and the Schwetzinger Hardt. The body of water was created by the electorate in the middle of the 16th century to relieve the Leimbach in the event of severe flooding. The seven Hardt communities of Oftersheim, Schwetzingen, Hockenheim, Reilingen, Walldorf, Sandhausen and St. Ilgen were involved. Since the early Middle Ages they had rights of use to the then "manorial Hardtwald" of the Electors of the Palatinate, to which they had to pay their interest in kind. This also included the maintenance of the Hardtbach, including the construction of paths and bridges. The compulsory labor ordered for this was a great burden for the neighboring communities. Urgent field and harvest work often had to be postponed. Compulsory work as well as usage rights were documented in the hard order of 1785, which was decisive for a long time. Since the First World War, most of the Schwetzingen Hardt State Forest (Baden) has been owned by the state of Baden-Württemberg, including the waters, since 1952.

View of the Hardtbach from the bike bridge

Today, when the Hardtbach floods, a total of 205,000 cubic meters of water can be retained in two forest areas by flood troughs and two polders , built by the Karlsruhe regional council. The retention areas are located south of the Hardtbach, west of federal motorway 5 and on both sides of federal highway 291 . Above the retention areas, the Hardtbach is dimensioned for a discharge of 23, below it for 10 cubic meters per second.

ecology

Beaver rats ( nutria ) can be seen in many sections of the Leimbach . Kingfisher , grass snake , gray heron and numerous amphibian species can be found in the estuary area, especially in the areas of the Schwetzinger Wiesen - Edinger Ried nature reserve . Like many lowland streams, the nutrient-rich water body tends to eutrophicate with strong algae formation in summer .

Kingfishers and the gray heron foraging for food can also be seen on the Hardtbach . The birds mostly prey on chubs and roaches , which are very common in the water in all age groups.

history

The Leimbach already enclosed the old castle complex in Schwetzingen as a moat and received its current course in the course of the new construction of Schwetzingen Castle (from 1657). The lake in the castle garden and all other bodies of water were fed by two waterworks that used the Leimbach as a drive for the mill wheels of the pumps.

literature

  • Ingmar Holzhauer: Landscape history and human influence in the area around the Schwetzinger Hardt since the Würm High Glacial . Dissertation, Heidelberg 2013. Digitized version on the Heidelberg University Library website, PDF file, 13.4 MB

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Josef Schmithüsen : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 161 Karlsruhe. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952. →  Online map (PDF; 5.1 MB)
  2. ↑ a b Height according to the contour line image on the Geoportal Baden-Württemberg ( information ).
  3. ↑ Length according to the water network layer ( AWGN ) on: Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information ).
  4. ↑ Catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 05 on: Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information ).
  5. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Rhine Region, Part I 2009 State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, p. 101, accessed on January 22, 2016 (PDF, German, 1.85 MB).
  6. ↑ Leimbachroute - from Kraichgau to the Rhine , on leimbachroute.de, accessed on June 19, 2020
  7. ↑ Old course of the moat:
  8. ↑ Profiles HRB Hartbachpolder I and HRB Hartbachpolder II at LUBW (accessed on June 24, 2019).
  9. ^ Karlsruhe Regional Council : Measure 2 - Expansion of the Hardtbach and polder construction. (Accessed June 24, 2019)

Web links

Commons : Leimbach (Rhein-Neckar)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files