Laurenz Zellweger

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Laurenz Zellweger - JG Koch: Oil on canvas, 1747

Laurenz Zellweger (born August 2, 1692 in Trogen ; † May 14, 1764 in Trogen) was an important Swiss enlightener , doctor and co-founder of the Helvetic Society .

Live and act

family

Laurenz Zellweger was born into a Protestant family of textile merchants . His family branch emigrated from Appenzell to Trogen in the 1580s, at the time of the Counter Reformation and on the eve of the land division . The immigrant family had succeeded in gaining an important political position and economic importance in the Appenzell Ausserrhoden region since the second half of the 17th century . With the exception of a few years, from 1668 to 1732 there were always two people from Zellweger , one from the Trogner line and the other from Teufen , in the high state offices. In addition, both Zellweger lines were related by marriage to the Tanner von Herisau family , a leading family in the Appenzell hinterland. The Zellweger and Tanner had a significant influence on the development of Ausserrhoden, because their high political offices brought with them a great deal of power. With the ensuing economic success, this position of power was further consolidated.

Laurenz Zellweger's grandfather, Conrad Zellweger-Rechsteiner (1630–1705), laid the foundation for the economic rise of the Zellweger von Trogen family . He opened a canvas show in Trogen in 1667. Until then, the numerous weavers, mostly living in the countryside, had to bring their products to the neighboring city of St. Gallen for canvas exhibition. There they were, however, excluded from the sale and further processing of the fabrics. With the opening of the canvas show in Trogen, this trade could now be concluded without the Sankt Gallen guild rules and with shorter transport routes. Because of these advantages, the business in Trogen flourished quickly, and Conrad Zellweger-Rechsteiner soon began to process and sell textiles himself. This is how Laurenz Zellweger's grandfather achieved prosperity and he laid an important foundation for the further economic rise of his family.

Laurenz Zellweger's father, Conrad Zellweger-Tanner (1659–1749), the second-born son of Conrad Zellweger-Rechsteiner, expanded the wealth of the Zellweger family even further after taking over his father's business. Conrad Zellweger-Tanner had received a commercial apprenticeship in a St. Gallen canvas house in Lyon , then lived for around ten years in France and after his return to Trogen finally founded his own branch in Lyon in 1717, which was mainly run by his two younger sons Conrad Zellweger ( 1694–1771) and Johannes Zellweger (1695–1774) and was also expanded. In Trogen, Conrad Zellweger-Tanner, like his ancestors, was appointed to important state offices. He was provincial governor , sack master and provincial governor. Nevertheless, the devout Protestant is said to have lived modestly and simply.

Youth and education

Contrary to the wishes of his family and unlike his brothers, Laurenz Zellweger did not want to be trained as a businessman . At first his parents urged him to become a pastor, but then supported his desire to study medicine. This support was by no means a given. In his son she laid the foundation for the respect and admiration that Laurenz Zellweger showed his parents throughout his life.

Zellweger was then sent in 1709 as a student to the doctor and naturalist Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672–1733) for an apprenticeship year. During his seventh trip to the Alps, the young Zellweger came into contact with various scientific fields: he made meteorological observations, examined different types of water in the baths he visited, wrote down notes on plant species and rock formations and transcribed inscriptions on houses and monuments. The suggestions that Laurenz received on this Alpine trip had an impact on his later work and his fascination with the natural sciences. He stayed in contact with Johann Jakob Scheuchzer by letter.

In 1710 Zellweger began studying medicine at Leiden University , where his dissertation was published in 1713. Here he met his second important teacher, the university lecturer, physician and botanist Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738). Laurenz Zellweger admired Boerhaave and learned from him to observe the patient above all and then to draw logical conclusions from these observations with the mind. During his studies in Leiden , the young Appenzeller came into contact with writings from England and the ideas of the Enlightenment . Laurenz Zellweger got to know Addisons and Steele's The Spectator , Paradise Lost by John Milton and the philosopher John Locke through English students . After a trip through Paris , on which he met the historian Johann Jakob Lauffer (1688–1734) and made him a friend, Zellweger returned to Trogen at the end of 1713, where he opened a practice as a young doctor.

Professional and political career

Laurenz Zellweger - JC Waser: copper engraving, ca.1760

In the first time after opening his practice, Laurenz Zellweger had difficulties gaining the trust of the population and thus patients. It was not until 1721 that he was able to tell his friend Johann Jakob Lauffer that his practice was already being well attended. Zellweger gradually made a name for himself as an important doctor, his area of ​​activity ranged from Urnäsch to Rheineck . Zellweger worked with a consistent focus on prevention and soon had a reputation for advice on everything. This good repute meant that Zellweger sometimes had to handle up to fifty visits a day. Laurenz Zellweger was brought in repeatedly, especially in severe cases. His reputation as an excellent doctor was based not least on the ability to observe and skillfully question patients about their complaints, which he had acquired at the University of Leiden. Zellweger was soon so respected that even the Swedish royal court wanted to bring him to Stockholm as a doctor . The Rheinecker and his Zurich friends would also have liked to have him with them. But Zellweger always refused, he did not want to leave his father and, after his death in 1749, his ancestral home.

There are hardly any medical writings by Laurenz Zellweger. He was not a researcher and discoverer like Johann Jakob Scheuchzer , rather he concentrated on the practical exercise of his profession.

Like his ancestors and siblings, Laurenz Zellweger had to hold various positions in favor of the Appenzell Ausserrhoden estate . In 1723 he was ordered back to Trogen by his father and the Great Council during a trip to Schaffhausen to organize the state archives there. For Zellweger, who, according to his attitude to life, took pride in not having to take orders from anyone and only wanted to take care of his job and his friends, this was a hard turning point. Nevertheless, he threw himself into work and, after years of intense creative work, handed the newly established archive back to the Grand Council in 1729. Although he tried hard to resist renewed service in the country, in 1726 he became a councilor and community clerk. In 1728 Zellweger was examinator, 1729–1732 Ausserrhoder state witness and 1732–1734 councilor and state archivist.

As a result of the land trade , an internal political dispute over tariffs and power and reputation between the Ausserrhoder families of Wetter and Tanner / Zellweger, Zellweger, as a member of the so-called "Linden", which his father, a member of the state government, headed, was deprived of all offices banished. As a result of this turning point, Laurenz Zellweger devoted himself fully to his main profession as a doctor, his studies and his correspondence with Johann Jakob Bodmer (1698–1783) and his circle of friends. The unrest surrounding the land trade had also motivated him to write down what happened. Over time, this activity of researching and writing down historical facts from the Appenzellerland expanded more and more.

Private life

Förene Hut

In his obituary, Johann Caspar Hirzel (1725–1803) described Laurenz Zellweger as a lean, tall man, "brownish in repute", with a serious and thoughtful expression and dressed in such a way that "he was hardly distinguished from the common man". This appearance seemed to have put off many at first sight, "but one soon discovered something captivating human-loving in his features". Laurenz Zellweger is said to have been shy and reserved at first encounters, but over time he has shown himself more talkative and animated and is also said to have joked. "He was always satisfied and happy [...]."

Laurenz Zellweger consciously remained single all his life, he did not want to get married. He once said to Lauffer in 1719 that marriage was impossible for him. He wanted to stay single out of “love for his freedom”. Only once, when in old age he could hardly move because of the pain and always had to rely on outside help, did he find that a wife should not be despised. Zellweger was very loyal to his place of birth and home: Trogen remained his linchpin his entire life. After his return from Holland in 1713, until his death, he never left the place for longer than for short stays with friends in St. Gallen , Winterthur , Zurich or Schaffhausen as well as for spa stays in Hohenems . He lived with his parents for a long time, and after his father's death in 1749 he bought the small wooden house on Landsgemeindeplatz , the “förene hut”. Laurenz Zellweger's nephew Jakob Zellweger-Wetter (1723–1808) built a stone palace at its location in the 1760s, which is now the parish hall. The “förene hut” was moved around 500 meters down the slope, where it still stands today.

Correspondence

Quodlibet - Johann Caspar Füssli: Oil on canvas, around 1757

The friendship with the Zurich writer and teacher of Helvetic history, Johann Jakob Bodmer (1698–1783) formed the foundation for Zellweger's circle of friends, with whom he corresponded regularly by letter. This circle of friends began to establish itself from 1721 through contact with the “Society of the Mahlers” and with the canon Johann Jakob Breitinger (1701–1776). In addition to Bodmer, more and more correspondence partners were added, among the around 60 correspondents of Laurenz Zellweger were the doctor Johann Caspar Hirzel (1725–1803) and his teacher and close confidante Johannes Gessner (1709–1790), the chancellery Johann Jakob Leu (1789–1768 ), the brothers Leonhard and Johannes Meister, the painter Johann Caspar Füssli (1706–1782) and the poet Salomon Gessner (1730–1788). Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724–1803), Christoph Martin Wieland (1733–1813) and Ewald Christian von Kleist (1715–1759) also appeared in this environment . Martin Künzli (1709–1765), Johann Heinrich Waser (1713–1777) and Johann Georg Sulzer (1720–1779) were also in contact with the people of Zurich and with Zellweger . The circle of friends also included personalities from St. Gallen such as the lawyer and town clerk Georg Zörnlin, the historian Jakob Wegelin (1721–1791), the hospital clerk Daniel Högger (1706–1784) and the monastery librarian Father Pius Kolb (1712–1762). What is interesting about these correspondents is that most of them were one, some even almost two generations younger than Zellweger.

The main correspondent for Laurenz Zellweger was Johann Jakob Bodmer. At the beginning of their friendship, Bodmer and Zellweger mainly exchanged books, for example "Paradise Lost" by John Milton , which Bodmer translated into German. Based on the model of Joseph Addison's The Spectator , Zellweger and Bodmer also published a weekly moral magazine, “The Discourse of the Mahlers”, from 1721 to 1723. The people of Zurich and Appenzell became close confidante and wrote each other regularly between 1723 and 1764, i.e. for more than 40 years, some of which were sent back and forth between Zurich and Trogen every three days. Of these numerous letters, 820 letters are still preserved today. For Bodmer as well as for Zellweger, this correspondence was the most important thing in their scholarly life.

This friendship resulted in a group of people from Zurich coming together for a few weeks in Trogen for a whey and scotch cure almost every year . Whey or Scots are mentioned for the first time in the correspondence in 1735. Bodmer reports in it that his health has suffered due to a "misery of mind". Zellweger advises him that he could cure this state of mind , nowadays known as depression , with a trip to the Appenzellerland . In 1737 Bodmer and his wife actually traveled to Trogen for the Scottish cure after Zellweger had gradually reacted disappointed due to Bodmer's promises, which had always been empty. The following four weeks stay in Trogen was highly praised by Bodmer after his return. The stay in the fresh air and on the hills of the Appenzellerland was an oasis of retreat, a place that stimulates thought for Bodmer, who suffered from the "turmoil of the world". With this visit, Zellweger achieved his status as an authority figure in Bodmer's eyes.

Zellweger propagated in his cure that drinking whey is good for detoxification and that you should take the Scots early in the morning, always at the same time. In addition, exercise in the fresh air was necessary, which was often achieved by climbing the Gäbris , Trogen's local mountain. The practice of the whey cure continued until after Zellweger's death. Zellweger also relativized the effect of the whey cures again and again and was of the opinion that the whey could not suddenly remove all evil, rather it was about taking better care of your health in general and not harming yourself.

Among the followers of Bodmer who always went to the cure were Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock or Christoph Martin Wieland . In Laurenz Zellweger's “förenen hut”, Bodmer and his “disciples” sang in odes and epics about the sage Laurenz Zellweger, whom they called “Philocles”, “who is famous for his friends”. In 1747 Bodmer published the "Ode to Philokles", a laudation on Zellweger and his homeland Appenzell. The ode describes the landscape on the one hand, but also the moral character of the inhabitants on the other. This ode creates a counter-image to the conditions in the city. The other friends of Zellweger also praised the desire for freedom and the patriotism of the Appenzell people, their dry wit and the very democratic institution of the rural community . In the eyes of the Zurich guests, the unspoilt nature of the Appenzellerland was stylized as the idyllic opposite of the city of Zurich. The “Quodlibet”, a trompe l'oeil painting, was created as part of these cures. In this painting by Johann Caspar Füssli , some of the “Schottenbrüder” are associated with ancient figures and put together to form counterparts. The pairings Johann Jakob Bodmer and Sokrates , Salomon Gessner and Platon , Johann Caspar Hirzel and Hippokrates , Johann Caspar Füssli and Melanthus and Laurenz Zellweger and Homer are created . The saying “Don't go crooked after mannen die | gone the right way, | if you don't know the straight path, then | ask PHILOCLES ”, which stands under the portrait of Laurenz Zellweger, wrote Bodmer under a sketch by Füssli. Füssli had painted the sketch that Zellweger shows on a piece of paper that was used to cover the honey pot, as the doctor Johann Georg Schläpfer still knows from oral tradition in the 19th century:

“When he [Laurenz Zellweger] once entertained her with genuine Apenzell food, namely country honey on bread and butter, Mahler Füßli quickly drew his portrait on the paper cover of the honey harbor, in his rural costume and hat, which the other guests liked so much that it was engraved in copper with Bodmer's signature. "

The saying and the portrait were later reproduced several times.

Reception and aftermath

The Schottengesellschaft left further traces in Trogen even after Laurenz Zellweger's death. Laurenz Zellweger's nephew Johannes Zellweger-Hirzel (1730–1802) became a member and later president of the Helvetic Society . He was married to the sister of Johann Caspar Hirzel, Anna Hirzel (1732–1802). One of the sons of Anna and Johannes Zellweger-Hirzel, Johann Caspar Zellweger-Gessner , historian, philanthropist , businessman, founder of various schools and builder of the pentagonal palace in Trogen, married the daughter of Salomon Gessner. Johann Caspar Zellweger-Gessner invited the Swiss Charitable Society to Trogen in 1835 . 118 men from all corners of Switzerland found their way to the Appenzellerland, where they met in the ballroom of the private house of Jakob Zellweger-Zuberbühler (1770–1821), which is now the higher courtroom of Trogner town hall.

As a result of the whey cult wave that went beyond the Bodmer and Zellweger districts, whey cures also came into fashion in Gais , Weissbad , Gonten and Herisau in the second half of the 18th century .

The circle around Laurenz Zellweger and Johann Jakob Bodmer also had a major influence on the shaping of the Appenzell image that still prevails today. The Appenzellerland was associated with a land of freedom that allowed a healthy life in harmony with nature, that is populated by people who do not allow themselves to be suppressed, who are wise and quick-witted and, in the age of wigs and powders, are still unaffected Life. Appenzell Ausserrhoden became a new Arcadia in this circle around the Zurich Enlightenment, accompanying the reception of antiquity. The image of Appenzellerland as the land of whey, fresh air, with cows, mountains, cheese and the Appenzell joke has remained. The image of Appenzell as the land of freedom, true democracy, the enlightened spirit among shepherds, however, has largely disappeared again.

Fonts

  • Laurenz Zellweger: De nutritione animali. Joh. Arnoldum Langerak, Leiden 1713. (Dissertation)
  • Carl le Brun, Horace le Blanc [Laurenz Zellweger]: XI. Discours . In: Johann Jakob Bodmer / Johann Jakob Breitinger (ed.): The Discourse of the Mahlers. First part . Joseph Lindinner, Zurich 1721, o.S. ( online )
  • Carl le Brun, Horace le Blanc [Laurenz Zellweger]: XVII. Discours . In: Johann Jakob Bodmer / Johann Jakob Breitinger (ed.): The Discourse of the Mahlers. Third part. Joseph Lindinner, Zurich 1722, pp. 129–136. ( online ).
  • Laurenz Zellweger: Lettre d'un Anonyme Alpicole, à l'Auteur de l'Essai Philosophique sur la nature des Etres Spirituels . In: Mercure Suisse . May 1745, pp. 411-441. ( online ).
  • Laurenz Zellweger: Brief description of arable or field cultivation in the Appenzell region . In: Treatises of the Natural Research Society Zurich . Heidegger, Vol. 1, Zurich 1761, pp. 116-132. ( online ). Retrieved May 6, 2014.
  • Laurenz Zellweger: An attempt at some physical and scientific considerations . In: Treatises of the Natural Research Society Zurich , Heidegger, Vol. 2, Zurich 1764, pp. 309–360. ( online ).
  • Laurenz Zellweger: Doctor Zellweger's patriotic farewell to the Helvetic Society . In: Johann Caspar Hirzel : Monument to Doctor Laurenz Zellweger from Trogen in the Appenzeller region . Heidegger, Zurich 1765, pp. 1-48. ( online ).
  • Laurenz Zellweger: About bringing up children in the Appenzellerland . In: Schweitzersches Museum , vol. 2, issue 4 (1784), pp. 894–901. ( online ).

Unprinted sources

  • Johann Georg Schläpfer: Lucubrations or scientific treatises . Trogen 1829, Volume 1. ( online ).
  • Victor Eugène Zellweger: Chronicle of the family Zellweger von Trogen , Trogen 1891 – approx. 1930. (In the canton library of Appenzell Ausserrhoden )

literature

  • Otto Hunziker :  Zellweger, Laurenz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 45, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1900, pp. 45 f.
  • Paulfritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger from Trogen. 1692-1764. J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951.
  • Eisenhut, Heidi [et al.] (Ed.): Healing art and fine arts. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-8353-0839-8 .
  • Johann Caspar Hirzel : Monument to Doctor Laurenz Zellweger von Trogen in the Appenzell region erected by the Helvetic Society. David Gessner, Zurich 1765.
  • Josephine Zehnder-Stadlin: Pestalozzi. Idea and Power of Human Development. Thienemann, Gotha 1875.
  • Peter Witschi [et al.] (Ed.): Zeitzeugnisse. Appenzeller Verlag, Herisau 2013, ISBN 978-3-85882-646-6 .
  • Anett Lütteken [et al.] (Ed.): Bodmer and Breitinger in the network of the European enlightenment. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8353-0560-1 .
  • Johann Caspar Hirzel: Doctor Zellweger's patriotic farewell to the Helvetic Society. Heidegger and Compagnie, Zurich 1765. ( doi : 10.3931 / e-rara-14399 )
  • Peter Faessler: The Zurich people in Arcadia: the circle around JJ Bodmer and the Appenzell Laurenz Zellweger. In: Appenzellian yearbooks . Appenzeller Medienhaus, Herisau 1979, pp. 3-49. ( doi : 10.5169 / seals-283314 )
  • Willy Nef: Dr. Laurenz Zellweger In: Appenzell Yearbooks . Appenzeller Medienhaus, Herisau 1907, pp. 48–70. ( doi : 10.5169 / seals-265672 )
  • Heidi Eisenhut: A Swiss assembly in Trogen . In: Peter Witschi [et al.] (Ed.): Zeitzeugnisse . Appenzeller Verlag, Herisau 2013, pp. 228–229. ( online )
  • Heidi Eisenhut: Self-Portrait of the Scots Brothers . In: Peter Witschi [et al.] (Ed.): Zeitzeugnisse . Appenzeller Verlag, Herisau 2013, pp. 220–221. ( online )
  • Rosa Schudel-Benz: Journey of Laurenz Zellweger with Dr. JJ Scheuchzer . In: Appenzellian yearbooks . Appenzeller Medienhaus, Herisau 1924, pp. 1-24. ( doi : 10.5169 / seals-283978 )
  • Rosa Schudel-Benz: Laurenz Zellweger and Johann Jakob Bodmer . In: Journal of Swiss History . Volume 10, No. 1, 1930. Gebrüder Leemann, Zurich, pp. 1–21. ( doi : 10.5169 / seals-70909 )
  • Rosa Schudel-Benz: The Appenzell agricultural trade, 1732–1735: based on letters from Dr. med. Laurenz Zellweger to JJ Bodmer . In: Journal of Swiss History . Volume 13, No. 1, 1933. Leemann Brothers, Zurich, pp. 65–110. ( doi : 10.5169 / seals-71740 )

Web links

Commons : Laurenz Zellweger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, pp. 9-14.
  2. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, p. 14.
  3. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, pp. 16-17.
  4. ↑ Rosa Schudel-Benz: Journey of Laurenz Zellweger with Dr. JJ Scheuchzer 1709 . In: Appenzellian yearbooks . No. 51 (1924), pp. 1-75. doi : 10.5169 / seals-283978
  5. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, pp. 20-25.
  6. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, p. 26.
  7. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: 282–283.
  8. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, pp. 27-28.
  9. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, pp. 38-39.
  10. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, pp. 62-63.
  11. ↑ Thomas Fuchs: Laurenz Zellweger. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . September 28, 2012 , accessed April 16, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, pp. 62-72.
  13. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: 275.
  14. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, pp. 67-86.
  15. ↑ Johann Caspar Hirzel: Honorary memory of Mr. Doctor Zellwegers . In the S. (Ed.): Monument to Doctor Laurenz Zellweger von Trogen in the Appenzell region erected by the Helvetic Society . David Gessner, Zurich 1765, pp. 41–92, here: p. 90.
  16. ↑ Paul Fritz Kellenberger: Laurenz Zellweger Trogen. 1692-1764 . J. Weiss, Affoltern am Albis 1951, pp. 60-61.
  17. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: pp. 273–275.
  18. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: pp. 275–276.
  19. ↑ a b c Heidi Eisenhut: Self-Portrait of the Scots Brothers . In: witnesses of the times . Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  20. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: p. 272.
  21. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: p. 277.
  22. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: pp. 279–281.
  23. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: pp. 282–284.
  24. ↑ Uwe Hentschel: Zurich Enlightenment in the Mirror of German Travel Literature . In: Anett Lütteken et al. (Ed.): Bodmer and Breitinger in the European Enlightenment Network . Wallstein, Göttingen 2009, pp. 598–619, here: pp. 604–605.
  25. ^ Johann Georg Schläpfer: Lucubrations or scientific treatises . Trogen 1829, Volume 1, p. 266.
  26. ^ Heidi Eisenhut: A Swiss assembly in Trogen . In: witnesses of the times . Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  27. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: p. 285.
  28. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: pp. 271–272.
  29. ↑ Heidi Eisenhut: Scholars on whey cure . In this. et al. (Ed.): Healing arts and fine arts . Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, pp. 271–301, here: p. 301.
personal data
SURNAME Zellweger, Laurenz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss doctor, educator and historian
DATE OF BIRTH August 2, 1692
PLACE OF BIRTH Trogen AR
DATE OF DEATH May 14, 1764
Place of death Trogen AR