Legio V Gallica

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The Legio V Gallica was a legion of the Roman army that was founded around the middle of the 1st century BC. BC probably still from Gaius Iulius Caesar , possibly also not until the Gallic governor Lucius Munatius Plancus around the year 44/43 BC. BC, excavated in Italy and used in Gaul .

Legion history

The long-standing discussion as to whether the Legio V Gallica was possibly identical to the Legio V Alaudae or Legio V Macedonica or an independent legion has not yet been concluded.

After Caesar's murder, the legion was taken over into Octavian's army and, after the Battle of Actium (31 BC), was probably stationed in Galatia . After this client kingdom had become a Roman province a few years later , Augustus founded in 25 BC. BC the veterans' colony Colonia Caesarea Antioch ( Antioch in Pisidia ). Soon afterwards, veterans of the Legio V Gallica were also settled there. More veterans were settled in Berytus ( Beirut ) before the Legion was relocated to the Balkans, where it was named Legio V Macedonica .

Other historians deduce an alternative “end scenario” from the question of whether it was the Legio V Gallica or V Alaudae that established in 17/16 BC. BC suffered a defeat and lost their legionary eagle in the battle known as the Clades Lolliana ( Latin : "Defeat of Lollius ") between Roman troops and the Germanic tribes of the Sugambri , Tenkerer and Usipeter . After this battle, the badly battered Legio V Gallica was dissolved.

literature

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Lawrence JF Keppie: Legions and veterans: Roman army papers 1971-2000 (Mavors. Roman Army Researches Volume 12), Steiner, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 978-3-515-07744-6 , pp. 91-92.
  2. ^ A b Emil Ritterling : Legio (V Gallica). In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XII, 2, Stuttgart 1925, Sp. 1571.
  3. ^ Victor Gardthausen : Augustus und seine Zeit , 2nd part, 3rd volume, Teubner, Leipzig 1904, p. 678 ( online ; reprint: Bibliobazaar, 2008, ISBN 0-554-51293-9 ); Alfred von Domaszewski : Treatises on the Roman religion , Leipzig 1909, reprint Olms, Hildesheim, New York 1977, pp. 8–9; see: Brian W. Jones: The Emperor Domitian , Routledge, 1992, ISBN 0-415-04229-1 , p. 226.
  4. ↑ Ronald Syme , Anthony Richard Birley : Anatolica: studies in Strabo , Oxford University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-19-814943-9 , p. 253.
  5. ^ Rainer Wiegels : From the defeat of M. Lollius to the defeat of Varus ; In Helmuth Schneider : Hostile Neighbors: Rom und die Germanen , Böhlau, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20219-4 , pp. 50–51; cf.: Velleius Paterculus 2, 97,1: accepta in Germania clades sub M. Lollio… amissaque legionis quintae aquila vocavit from urbe in Gallias Caesarem “the defeat suffered in Gaul under M. Lollius… and the loss of the eagle of the 5th legion called Caesar (= Augustus) from Rome to Gaul ”.
  6. ↑ Klaus Bringmann , Thomas Schäfer : Augustus and the establishment of the Roman Empire , Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003054-2 , p. 70.