List of cultural monuments in Muskauer Park

Old site plan

Muskauer Park today

The list of cultural monuments in the Muskauer Park contains the cultural monuments of the Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau , which is listed in the monuments list of the Free State of Saxony under the ID no. 09300367 is shown as a whole and has been a World Heritage Site since 2004 . The expansion of the park was started in 1815 by Hermann Graf von Pückler-Muskau and continued from 1845 by the subsequent owners of the Muskau class .

The notes are to be observed.

This list is a partial list of the list of cultural monuments in Bad Muskau .

Legend

• Image: shows a picture of the cultural monument and, if applicable, a link to further photos of the cultural monument in the Wikimedia Commons media archive
• Designation: Name, designation or the type of cultural monument
• Location: If available, street name and house number of the cultural monument; The list is basically sorted according to this address. The map link leads to various map displays and gives the coordinates of the cultural monument.
  

Map view to set coordinates. In this map view, cultural monuments are shown without coordinates with a red marker and can be placed on the map. Cultural monuments without a picture are marked with a blue marker, cultural monuments with a picture are marked with a green marker.

• Dating: indicates the year of completion or the date of the first mention or the period of construction
• Description: structural and historical details of the cultural monument, preferably the monument properties
• ID: is awarded by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Saxony. It clearly identifies the cultural monument. The link leads to a PDF document from the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Saxony, which summarizes the information on the monument, contains a map sketch and often a detailed description. For former cultural monuments sometimes no ID is given, if one is given, this is the former ID. The corresponding link leads to an empty document at the state office. The following icon can also be found in the ID column ; this leads to information on this cultural monument at Wikidata .

List of cultural monuments in Muskauer Park

This list contains all of the individual monuments and material elements that belong to the Muskauer Park material group in terms of monument conservation. The landscape park, which lies on both sides of the Lusatian Neisse , includes the individual monuments and material components in the castle park , bathing park and mountain park in Bad Muskau (including the adjoining mountain park in Krauschwitz) on the Saxon side , and the Mużakowski landscape park in Łęknica on the Polish side . The historical significance of the park is derived from the monument text of the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Saxony : "The Muskauer Park, a landscape park (garden monument) with three parts (castle park, bathing park, mountain park) together with the alum mining landscape in the mountain park (technical monument) is architectural, cultural-historical, Artistic and historical of international importance (Unesco world cultural heritage). "

image	designation	location	Dating	description	ID
Bad Muskau Castle Park
More pictures	Muskauer Park (aggregate)	Bad Muskau, Bauhof 1 to 6, 8 to 12, 14; Hermannsbad 1, 5, 7, 8, 9 (Villa Pückler, Villa Bellevue, Obersteigerhaus, bath house, tower villa, Villa Caroline); Schloßstraße 4, 9 (New Castle, Old Castle, Kavaliershaus); Buchenweg 1 (Weinberghaus), Hermannsbad (Hermannsbrücke); (Badepark, Bergpark, Schlosspark) (map)	1815 (park area); 16th century until 1864 (alum mining)	Objective Muskauer Park , landscape park (garden monument) with three parts of the park (castle park, bathing park, mountain park) including the alum mining landscape in the mountain park (technical monument) and numerous individual monuments in the area of ​​the castle park, bathing park and mountain park; in addition, the part of the park in the municipality of Krauschwitz (ID No. 09277079) - in terms of building history, cultural history, garden art and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site).	09300367
More pictures	Schlosspark (garden monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	1815 (park area)	Garden monument belonging to the Muskauer Park community (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289941
More pictures	New Castle (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Schloßstraße, no number (castle park) (map)	From 1525 (New Castle); 1361 (as a moated castle)	Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Part of the Muskau Park of international historical importance. New Palace (Schloßstraße): three-wing complex in the form of a Dutch-influenced neo-renaissance, courtyard open to the east, round towers on the west side, access ramp according to Schinkel's plans, ruin since 1945, reconstruction 1996 to 2013.	09289941
More pictures	Bronze sculpture of the two lions on the ramp of the New Palace (individual monument for ID No. 09300367)	Bad Muskau, Schloßstraße (Castle Park) (map)		Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Part of the Muskau Park of international historical importance. In the vestibule of the New Palace, life-size bronze sculpture “Machbuba” by Adolf Menzner (1927). Prince Frederick of the Netherlands had his monumental heraldic animals, the Flemish and Walloon lions, set up on the ramp of the New Palace in 1857, renewed in 2009 and 2010.	09289941
More pictures	Limestone planter northwest of the castle (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Schloßstraße (Castle Park) (map)	19th century	Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Part of the Muskau Park of international historical importance. Limestone planter (castle island northwest of the New Castle) Plants and amphora: 100 × 100 × 110 cm.	09289941
More pictures	Old Castle (Rentamt) (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Schloßstraße 4 (map)	From 1525 (New Castle); 1361 (as a moated castle)	Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Part of the Muskau Park of international historical importance.	09289941
More pictures	Cavalier's house with limestone planter in front (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Schloßstraße 9 (map)	1742 (Kavaliershaus); 19th century (Planter)	Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Part of the Muskau Park of international historical importance. Kavaliershaus (Schloßstraße 9): elongated plastered building with a mansard roof . Used as a mud bath from 1950 to 2009. Limestone planter (in front of the cavalier's house): 120 × 120 × 95 cm, with putti, animal coats of arms and garlands.	09289941
More pictures	Six bridges , three fences with gates, Gloriette, palace gardening, riding arena, weir and turbine house, administration building (individual monuments to ID no. 09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	19th century (Schäferbrücke, rebuilt in 1982); 19th century (Castle Bridge); 1826 (Fuchsienbrücke); 2nd half of the 19th century (Carp bridge); 1969 (Rehderbrücke); 1983 (reconstruction of the Fuchsienbrücke); 1985 (reconstruction of the Eichseebrücke)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (entity - ID-No. 09300367); Components of the Muskauer Park of international horticultural and historical importance: Carp Bridge Castle Bridge Fuchsia Bridge Rehder Bridge Shepherd Bridge Eichseebrücke and Eichseewehr Gloriette Three fences Castle gardening Riding arena Weir and turbine house Administration building	09289957
More pictures	Carp bridge (individual monuments to ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	2nd half of the 19th century	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance. The previous building from 1826 was made of wood.	09289957
More pictures	Schlossbrücke (individual memorials for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	19th century (Castle bridge)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance. Material: wood and cast iron.	09289957
More pictures	Fuchsienbrücke (individual memorials for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	1826, reconstructed in 1983	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289957
More pictures	Rehderbrücke (individual monuments to ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	1969 (reconstruction)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance. Built from scratch in 1969, made of wood.	09289957
More pictures	Schäferbrücke (individual monuments for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	19th century (Schäferbrücke, rebuilt in 1982)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289957
More pictures	Eichseebrücke with Eichsee weir (individual monuments for ID-No. 09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	1985 (reconstruction)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance. Eichseebrücke and Eichsee weir, with waterfall (1835), large boulder added in 1838, reconstructed in 1985.	09289957
More pictures	Gloriette (individual monuments for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	19th century	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289957
More pictures	Three fences in the palace gardens (individual monuments for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	19th century	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance. Park enclosure I: Neißetor (sand stone pillar and iron grid) location on the post bridge (border) Park enclosure II: Gate to the park made of brick pillars and wrought iron, Parkstrasse location (at Kirchplatz 5), Park fence III: wrought iron park fence, brick pillars with crowning, location at an interface with the city at Berliner Straße 43	09289957
	Castle gardening (individual monuments to ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	19th century	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance. Castle nursery with greenhouses and a tropical house.	09289957
	Reithalle (individual monuments to ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	19th century	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance. Located in the castle park, on the promenade, single-storey plastered building with a gabled central projection.	09289957
More pictures	Weir and turbine house (individual monuments for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)		Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance. Weir and turbine house on Neißedamm in the castle park.	09289957
	Administration building west of the turbine house (individual monuments for ID no. 09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	19th century	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289957
More pictures	Orangery (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Castle Park) (map)	1843-1845	Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Part of the Muskauer Park of international horticultural and historical importance. High, free-standing orangery building, windows with Tudor arch, roof approach with battlements. Built 1843–1845 by Ludwig Persius	09289943
More pictures	Vorwerk, consisting of an old forge, two residential buildings, a coach house, the stables, a stable building and three enclosures (individual monuments to ID no. 09300367)	Bad Muskau, building yard 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 (castle park) (map)	Marked 1901, older in essence (Vorwerk); around 1900 (smithy and house); marked 1901 (Marstall)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (entity - ID-No. 09300367); Components of the park of international horticultural and historical importance. The Vorwerk includes: Old Forge two residential buildings for servants Remise Stables Stable building three fences	09289944
More pictures	Alte Schmiede (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Bauhof 1, 2 (palace gardens) (map)	around 1900 (smithy and house)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289944
More pictures	Two residential buildings for employees (individual features for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, building yards 3–6 and 8–11 (palace gardens) (map)	around 1900 (smithy and house)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289944
More pictures	Marstall (southern building) (individual monuments to ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Bauhof (palace gardens) (map)	marked 1901 (Marstall)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the park of international horticultural and historical importance. Marstall in a neo-baroque - / neo mixture: three risalits with Italians gables, mansard roof , designated 1,901th	09289944
More pictures	Remise (individual features for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Bauhof 12, 14 (Schlosspark) (map)	Marked 1901, older in essence (Vorwerk); around 1900 (smithy and house); marked 1901 (Marstall)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289944
More pictures	Stable building (individual monuments to ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, northeast of Bauhof 6 (castle park) (map)	around 1900	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289944
More pictures	Three fences at the Vorwerk (individual monuments for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Bauhof (palace gardens) (map)	around 1900	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the park of international horticultural and historical importance. Three fences east and west of building yard 6 and between building yard 11 and 12	09289944
Bad Muskau bathing park
More pictures	Badepark (garden monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Hermannsbad (Badepark) (map)	Early 19th century	Garden monument belonging to the Muskauer Park community (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289967
	Villas and bathhouse of the former Hermannsbad (individual monuments to ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Hermannsbad 1, 5, 7, 8, 9 (Badepark) (map)	1823/24 (Villa Pückler); Mid 19th century (Villa Bellevue); around 1900 (tower villa); around 1900 (Villa Caroline); End of 19th century (so-called Obersteigerhaus)	Individual features of the entity Muskauer Park (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskauer Park of international horticultural and historical importance: Villa Bellevue Bathhouse Villa Pückler so-called Obersteigerhaus Villa Caroline Tower villa with outbuilding	09289967
	Villa Bellevue (single monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Hermannsbad 1 (Badepark) (map)	Mid 19th century	Individual monument belonging to the Muskauer Park as a whole (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289967
More pictures	Bathhouse (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Hermannsbad (Badepark) (map)	Mid 19th century	Individual monument belonging to the Muskauer Park as a whole (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289967
	Villa Pückler (single monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Hermannsbad 5 (Badepark) (map)	1823/24	Individual monument belonging to the Muskauer Park as a whole (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289967
	So-called Obersteigerhaus with ancillary building (individual monument for ID No. 09300367)	Bad Muskau, Hermannsbad 7, 8 (Badepark) (map)	End of 19th century	Individual monument belonging to the Muskauer Park as a whole (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289967
	Villa Caroline and outbuildings (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Hermannsbad (Badepark) (map)	Mid 19th century	Individual monument belonging to the Muskauer Park as a whole (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289967
	Tower villa (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Hermannsbad 9 (Badepark) (map)	around 1900	Individual monument belonging to the Muskauer Park as a whole (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289967
	Pedestrian bridge in Muskauer Park (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, north of Hermannsbad 5 (Badepark) (map)	Around 1913	Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Hermannsbrücke, single arch bridge, part of the Muskauer Park of international gardening and historical importance. Hermannsbrücke with a simple wrought iron railing.	09289968
Bad Muskau mountain park
More pictures	Bergpark (garden monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Bergpark) (map)	16th century until 1864 (alum mining)	Garden monument belonging to the Muskauer Park community (ID no. 09300367); Components of the Muskau Park of international horticultural and historical importance.	09289960
More pictures	Ruins of the mountain church with remains of the enclosure wall on Kapellenweg (individual monument to ID no. 09300367)	Bad Muskau (Bergpark) (map)	Middle of the 14th century	Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Part of the Muskauer Park of international horticultural and historical importance. Former Berg village church .	09289960
More pictures	Bridge over Bergsche Kirchgasse (so-called Red Bridge ) (individual monument for ID No. 09300367)	Bad Muskau (Bergpark) (map)		Individual monument of the entire subject matter Muskauer Park, important for visual relationships within the park (subject entity - ID no. 09300367); Part of the Muskauer Park of international horticultural and historical importance	09289960
	Bridge over the street from the direction of Badepark (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau (Bergpark, west of Hermannsbad 1) (map)	1920s	Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Part of the Muskauer Park of international horticultural and historical importance	09289960
	Vineyard house; Residential building with side building (individual monument for ID no.09300367)	Bad Muskau, Buchenweg 1 (Bergpark; northeast of the Weinbergteich) (map)	2nd half of the 19th century	Individual monument of the subject matter Muskauer Park (subject matter - ID no. 09300367); Side building partly half-timbered, components of the Muskau Park of international gardening and historical importance. Vineyard house: Residential house with side building, single-storey solid plastered buildings, lattice windows in the original sense, red coloring, beaver-tail crown cover.	09289961
Krauschwitz mountain park
	Material entity component of the entity Muskauer Park	Krauschwitz id OL , Bautzener Strasse (map)	16th century until 1864 (alum mining)	Material component of the material population Muskauer Park: Landscape park (garden monument) including the post-alum mining landscape in the mountain park (technical monument) without individual monuments (material group ID no. 09300367); In terms of gardening, mining history and history, it is of international importance (Unesco World Heritage Site).	09277079
Park Mużakowski Łęknica
More pictures	Park Mużakowski Łęknica - Polish part of Muskau Park (ID No. 611830)	Łęknica , ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	from 1815 (park area)	Polish part of the park in Łęknica (Lugknitz) in the powiat Żarski (Sorau district), Lubusz voivodeship - together with the Saxon part, it is of international architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site). ID no. 611830; Numer rejestru L-76 (d. 3362) dated December 31, 1998 in the Polish list of monuments.
More pictures	English bridge	Łęknica, ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	from 1815 (park area)	Individual monument in the Polish part of the park - together with the Saxon part of architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Destroyed in 1945, restored in 2011.
More pictures	Former English house	Łęknica, ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	from 1815 (park area)	Individual monument in the Polish part of the park - together with the Saxon part of architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Former Cottage-style pub.
More pictures	Double bridge	Łęknica, ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	from 1815 (park area)	Individual monument in the Polish part of the park - together with the Saxon part of architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Double bridge destroyed in 1945, restored in 2004.
More pictures	Semicircular stone structure on the Hermannsiche	Łęknica, ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	from 1815 (park area)	Individual monument in the Polish part of the park - together with the Saxon part of architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site). The thing -like complex with the Hermann oak refers to Hermann the Cheruscan .
More pictures	Pücklerstein (Kamień Pücklera)	Łęknica, ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	1901	Individual monument in the Polish part of the park - together with the Saxon part of architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site).
More pictures	Prince's Bridge	Łęknica, ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	1854 (stone bridge)	Individual monument in the Polish part of the park - together with the Saxon part of architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Originally a wooden bridge, named after the prince and later King Friedrich Wilhelm IV.
More pictures	Arcade or gorge bridge	Łęknica, ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	from 1815 (park area)	Individual monument in the Polish part of the park - together with the Saxon part of architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Arcade bridge over the Hermannsschlucht with the Sarahweg ( Sarah’s Walk).
More pictures	Herrenberg Viaduct on Baumschulenweg	Łęknica, ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	1862	Individual monument in the Polish part of the park - together with the Saxon part of architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Viaduct on Herrenberg over Baumschulenweg.
More pictures	Cross at the former mausoleum	Łęknica, ul.Wybrzeżna 25 (map)	1888 (mausoleum)	Individual monument in the Polish part of the park - together with the Saxon part of architectural, cultural, horticultural and historical importance (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Memorial chapel and Arnim mausoleum from 1888, destroyed in 1945/1972.

Remarks

• This list is not suitable for deriving binding statements on the monument status of an object. As far as a legally binding determination of the listed property of an object is desired, the owner can apply to the responsible lower monument protection authority for a notice.
• The official list of cultural monuments is never closed. It is permanently changed through clarifications, new additions or deletions. A transfer of such changes to this list is not guaranteed at the moment.
• The monument quality of an object does not depend on its entry in this or the official list. Objects that are not listed can also be monuments.
• Basically, the property of a monument extends to the substance and appearance as a whole, including the interior. Deviating applies if only parts are expressly protected (e.g. the facade).

Detailed memorial texts

1. ^ Objective Muskauer Park:
   • with the following individual monuments in the area of ​​the castle park: New Castle (Schloßstraße, without no.), including a bronze sculpture by Adolf Menzner, limestone planter northwest of the castle, old castle (Rentamt, Schloßstraße 4) and cavalier house with limestone planter in front (Schloßstraße 9) (ID no. 09289941), six bridges in the castle park (Fuchsienbrücke, Rehderbrücke, Eichseebrücke with Eichseewehr, Schäferbrücke, Schlossbrücke, Karpfenbrücke), three enclosures with gates, weir on Neißedamm and turbine house, castle gardening, riding hall and Gloriette (ID-No. 09289957), Vorwerk, consisting of an old forge (building yard 1, 2), two residential buildings for servants (building yard 3–6 and building yard 8–11), a shed (building yard 12, 14), the stables (southern building, building yard without number) and a stable building ( without address, northeast of building yard 6) (ID-No. 09289944) and Orangery (ID-No. 09289943),
   • with the following individual monuments in the Badepark area: pedestrian bridge (ID No. 09289968, Hermannsbad), Villa Pückler (Hermannsbad 5), Villa Bellevue (Hermannsbad 1), the so-called Obersteigerhaus (Hermannsbad 7/8) with ancillary building, bathhouse (Hermannsbad without house number) , Turmvilla (Hermannsbad 9), Villa Caroline (Hermannsbad without house number) and other outbuildings (ID no. 09289967, Hermannsbad 1–9),
   • with the following individual monuments in the Bergpark area: ruins of the mountain church with remains of the enclosure wall (on Kapellenweg), bridge over Bergsche Kirchgasse (important for visual relationships within the park) and bridge over the street from the direction of Badepark (west of Hermannsbad 1) (individual monument - ID -Nr. 09289960, without address) as well as so-called Weinberghaus with side building (ID-Nr. 09289961)
2. ↑ Post-Alum mining landscape: dump landscape in the south or southwest of the mountain park north of Bautzener Straße, landscape of dumps and small, partly water-filled quarries (pinging) and remaining holes, which are also recognizable in the beech population due to human material relocation through open-cast and underground mining, which, in contrast to the pine and oak vegetation typical of the sandy soil in the area, settled on the once barren heaps of weathered alum ores or from the residues that had already leached out.
   The alum mining (first documented in 1573) took place in a kind of "wild mining", initially in open-cast mining, later following the alum into the mountain by means of tunnel driving and shaft sinking, thus opening up those stored in several seams (i.e. layer-bound deposits) in the sandy subsoil Alum ores (actually alum clays, consisting of pebbles and clay). However, the alum ores themselves did not contain any alum, this first had to be produced in a lengthy process. Around 1830, the mined ores were initially " thrown up in the form of a roof in the open air" ( StAFilA Bautzen , 50175, Standesherrschaft Muskau, number 1468, p. 16ff.) And stored there for two or more years. During this time, the sulfur bound in the pyrites (iron (II) disulfide, better known as pyrite) and the iron oxidized to sulfuric acid or iron oxide. The sulfuric acid clay (aluminum sulfate, also called alum earth) that was formed in connection with the sulfuric acid was then dissolved in water in the leaching boxes of the “Laugerey” (ibid.) And thus separated from the insoluble components of the alum earth. The caustic solution, which was already concentrated when passing through the terraced leaching boxes, was then passed through the thorns of a graduation tower for further concentration through water evaporation and for the deposition of impurities (consisting of bundles of sticks, mostly made of blackthorn branches, stacked in a wooden frame). The graduation house was originally located south of the alum works in the area of ​​today's so-called Nassen Wiese or today's Bautzener Straße, which was slightly changed with the construction of the forest railway. The now 12 to 18 percent lye, which “still contains [only] dissolved sulfuric acid alumina, which is neither alum nor crystallizable” (ibid.), Was then taken to the alum hut for boiling. Heated in small lead pans and thereby evaporated by almost two thirds, the addition of potash (potassium carbonate) finally resulted in the crystallizable alum, a water-containing double salt of potassium and aluminum (aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, also potassium alum). The alum precipitated out of the residual liquor, which was cooled in so-called shaking boxes with constant movement, “in bite-sized crystals, called alum flour” (ibid.) And was then placed on the wash bench, where it was freed from impurities by washing it several times with clear water. The alum flour was then dissolved in boiling water in so-called lauter pans, in order to then cool in large barrels, the waxers, and then crystallize again. Finally, the barrels were opened, the alum refined by recrystallization was smashed and washed one last time with pure water. After drying on the drying bench, the now pure alum was packed in packing barrels of 13 quintals and sold.
   Sales within Saxony , Bohemia , Braunschweig , Prussia and Russia , use of alum “for all dyeing works of wool, linen and silk [as pickling agents], for tanneries [to cook the skins white], calico printing [also as pickling agents] and others technical trades ”(ibid.), for example for the gluing of paper, for the production of lacquer paints or as a base material for the production of pharmaceuticals e.g. B. for hemostasis. Due to a lack of profits and in view of the high competitive pressure from the emerging chemical industry, which could technically produce alums more easily and more cheaply, the Muskau alum plant and the associated alum mining were discontinued in 1864.
   The last evidence of centuries of mining and processing of the "most important natural product [s] in this area, the alum" (Leske 1785, p. 74) are the alum ore heaps (or heaps) that were incorporated into the Muskauer Park after the alum plant was closed leached material) together with the so-called Obersteigerhaus (Hermannsbad 7/8) as the Obersteiger's residence, "who directs the entire work" (Leske 1785, p. 90), of great importance in terms of mining and local history. As part of the seemingly wild mountain park, the post-mining landscape also shapes the landscape.
3. ^ New castle, ruin (Schloßstraße). Built around 1525 under the direction of an Italian master builder under the rule of von Biberstein . Changed after 1579, burnt out in 1643. Prince Pückler's plans for a new building, for which Karl Friedrich Schinkel provided generous designs around 1817 (the new and old castle should be connected by high archways), did not come to fruition. Only the large access ramp was created according to Schinkel's plans. The accompanying horse sculptures have not been preserved. 1863–66 extensively rebuilt according to designs by Hermann Wentzel (1820–1889) and Strasser for Prince Friedrich of the Netherlands . Destroyed in 1945, since then in ruins, planned for reconstruction.
   Stately three-wing system in the form of a Dutch-influenced neo-renaissance with a courtyard open to the east towards the ramp. The building is flanked by slender round towers on the west side, and a dance hall is added on the north side in 1926. Marstall (castle park). Elongated plastered building with a mansard hipped roof in the neo-renaissance style, marked 1901, with grooved plaster pilaster strips and curved stepped gables. The so-called Remise (today apartments) was designed in a similar way .
   Former riding arena (promenade). Staggered plastered building by Alfred Breslauer (1866–1954) or H. Lehmann, 1922, the forms are based on the neo-renaissance .
4. ↑ Old Castle, now a museum and library (Schloßstraße 4). Medieval moated castle , already mentioned in 1361, used as a rent office after the construction of the New Castle around 1525 . The core of the existing building probably essentially from the 1st quarter of the 17th century, rebuilt in 1862, destroyed in 1945 except for the surrounding walls. 1965–68 Reconstruction in the form of 1862. Symmetrical, two-story plastered building with a modern hipped roof . The four-axis central building is flanked by narrow risalit-like projecting side wings with 2: 4 axes. At the main entrance there is an imposing sandstone portal with rusticated ashlar. The alliance coat of arms of von Dohna and von Callenberg in a blown gable , three sandstone figures of Flora , Hercules and Hygieia in niches between the upper floor windows (new creations by Werner Hempel , 1968).
   Old Castle (Rentamt, Schloßstraße 4): medieval moated castle, used as Rentamt from 1525, in the core 17th century, reconstruction in 1862, 1965–1968 reconstruction in the form of 1862, four-axis central building is flanked by protruding side wings of 2: 4 axes, rustic sandstone portal, coat of arms in the pediment.
5. ↑ The Bergpark, as the western part of the Muskauer Park, remains well-known behind the eastern part of the castle and the Neisse. Historically and structurally, however, it is equivalent to these in importance. Not only is it the site of Pückler's earliest design activities, but it is only together with its eastern counterpart that it forms the aesthetic form that took over the previously existing Muskau in the 19th century as a staffage-like structural and pictorial component. If you approach Muskau from the south, i.e. on the largest traffic route, the Badepark (Hermannsbad), below the Muskau arch of folds , as the southeastern part of the mountain park, is not only its visual prelude, but also the first that you can see from the Pückler facilities get to see. It immediately attracts attention through its gently rising pleasure ground, which is framed by the buildings behind it: through the so-called Pücklervilla (Hermannsbad 5), the former bathing complex with dome pavilion, remains of the mud bathhouse and foyer and finally, as a "central point of composition" the Villa Bellevue (Hermannsbad 1).
   Not only the outstanding visual and structural importance of the bathing park should be emphasized, but also and especially its historical relevance. The assembly of buildings in designed nature is one of the few parts of the Muskau Park, which was created during Pückler's time (1815 to 1845). On the southern edge of the room, this certainly applies to the so-called Pücklervilla (Hermannsbad 5), "so-called" because it was not designed for its own interests but (like Villa Bellevue a little later) in 1823/24 as a lodging house for guests (as a conversion of one already building previously existing there). This singularity and exemplary relevance (including personal history) make the building so important that its meanwhile poor condition and the degree of change are offset by it. The elongated two-storey building with a mezzanine under a very flat gable roof has a plastered framework construction. The façade with 15 axes and three entrances on the longitudinal side still has structural elements such as belt cornices and plastering sockets. This simple design and the cubature show the building as a testimony to classicism .
   The actual bathing buildings of the bathing park (also these of exemplary value, since without this place Muskau would not be “bath”), the dome pavilion, the fragmentarily preserved mud bath house and the foyer are in the reform style until 1914 and - especially the pavilion - with influences of the neo-baroque instead of corresponding buildings from the 19th century. The rich ornamentation, floral and figurative ornamentation, fluted columns, arched rows of windows and arcades are structurally as if created for the basic idea of ​​the bathing park.
   The Villa Bellevue (Hermannsbad 1), like the so-called Pücklervilla, was built as a lodging house (but not until the middle of the 19th century) and like it was rebuilt several times, is the central structure of the complex in question through its position and elevation. It is not only ennobled by the deep, well-proportioned classicist buildings, but above all by the wooden colonnades on its wooden veranda facing the valley.
   The not so eye-catching Obersteigerhaus (Hermannsbad 7/8), a simple two-storey brick building somewhat in the background, is nevertheless an indispensable part of the bathing park, as it is testimony to another historical level that can be ascertained here: the former, even before the park design began started alum mining. Individual features are:
   • Villa Bellevue (Hermannsbad 1): Classicist three-storey cube with a flat roof , adjoined by an elongated building with two storeys of wooden balconies
   • Bathhouse (Hermannsbad without house number): central room with porch on Doric columns, side walkways, elaborate ornamental design, relief representation of the fountain of youth (door frame, door leaf was in the former town hall)
   • Villa Pückler (Hermannsbad 5): plastered half-timbered building
   • So-called Obersteigerhaus (Hermannsbad 7/8): two-story brick building
   • Villa Caroline (at right angles to the tower villa)
   • Tower villa with ancillary building (Hermannsbad 9): three-story plastered building with overhanging roof, two-story brick side building

Web links

Commons : Muskau Park  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Website Bad Muskau - Park (accessed March 1, 2019)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Saxony
2. ↑ Muskauer Park (accessed March 1, 2019)
3. ↑ The lions are back in Bad Muskau. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . April 3, 2010, accessed March 1, 2019 . 
4. ↑ Łęknica / Bad Muskau, park pałacowy - Park Mużakowski (Polish) (accessed March 1, 2019)
5. ↑ Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa (NID) (National Monument Institute under the heading: * woj. Lubuskie - plik w formacie PDF) (Polish) (accessed March 6, 2019)
6. ↑ Former Hermann's Oak (accessed March 1, 2019)
7. ↑ Schluchten- / Arkadenbrücke (accessed on March 1, 2019)
8. ↑ Arboretum (accessed March 1, 2019)

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap