Łęknica
| Łęknica | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Żary | ||
| Area : | 16.40 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 33 ' N , 14 ° 44' E | ||
| Height : | 142 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 2478 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
||
| Postal code : | 68-208 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 68 | ||
| License plate : | FZA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Droga krajowa 12 | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
| Dresden | |||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Residents: | 2478 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Community number ( GUS ): | 0811011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2010) | |||
| Address: | ul. Żurawska 1 68-208 Łęknica |
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| Website : | www.leknica.pl | ||
Łęknica ( pronunciation : [ wɛŋkˈnit͡sa ]; 1945–1946 Lubanica , German Lugknitz , Upper Sorbian Wjeska ) is a border town in western Poland . It is one of the two municipalities in the Żary district ( Lebus Voivodeship ) and belongs to the Neisse Euroregion .
There is a border crossing between Łęknica and Bad Muskau ; Another to the municipality of Krauschwitz , Sagar district , was opened to traffic on December 22, 2011 with a 3.5 km long bypass. A large market at the Muskau border crossing and several petrol stations have brought the city in the Polish part of Upper Lusatia a certain degree of prosperity.
geography
location
The settlement area is divided into the former Muskau suburb along ulica 1 Maja and the core of the original village of Lugknitz on the former Lubsko – Bad Muskau railway line south of it . The majority of the settlement area is in the form of a lane village on or on the Muskau fold arch , which is cut by the wide valley of the Lusatian Neisse . The highest point is 160 m, the lowest in the Neißetal at 106 m .
To the north of the urban area is the Polish part of the Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau and east of the Geopark Muskau Arch .
Surrounding communities
In Poland, Łęknica is almost completely bordered by the Trzebiel municipality , only in the southeast there is a short connection with the Przewóz municipality . In the south and southwest on the German side of the Neisse is the municipality of Krauschwitz , to which the town of Bad Muskau connects to the west of Łęknica .
history
Local history
Finds of several grave fields from the Bronze Age and the Billendorfer culture in Lugknitz as well as in the Muskauer Heide in the former Lugknitz forest area prove an early historical settlement activity in the area.
The town hall originally extended on both sides of the Neisse. According to Pohl , the settlement on the left bank of the Neisse along the Lugknitzka brook was probably the older one. According to this, the settlement of today's urban area of Łęknica would have taken place later, which seems plausible due to the relatively late first mention in 1505 as Lugnitz .
Lugknitz was one of the ten villages that originally formed the parish of Muskau. It can be assumed that the village belonged to the Muskau lordship as early as the 15th century , and its membership is documented by a land register for the year 1552. In the lord's sales deed from 1597, the upper mill on the Lugknitzka is shown as lordly property.
Through the Peace of Prague , the village and the entire Lusatia came to the Electorate of Saxony in 1635 . In 1815 it was in the part of Upper Lusatia that the Kingdom of Saxony and Lower Lusatia had to cede to Prussia as a result of the Congress of Vienna . After an administrative reform in 1816, it was subordinated to the newly founded district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) In the province of Silesia with the majority of the Muskau rule .
The community left the school association with Keula that had existed since 1770 . In 1878 the Lugknitzer School became independent and in 1901 received a new building.
In the 1880s, Lugknitz was a small Sorbian farming village in which the Muskau dialect was spoken. Together with Braunsdorf , the two villages were the only places on the right of the Neisse that were still in the central Sorbian language area. This changed at the turn of the century, when some industrial companies settled on the right bank of the Neisse. Due to the rich clay deposits, it was mainly ceramic operations, but also smaller lignite mines were built. A hollow glass hut and a furniture factory also settled there. With the railway line from Muskau to Sommerfeld ( Lubsko ) built in 1898 , the village received a train station. The Sorbian farming village became a German industrial community within a few years, the number of which more than tripled between 1885 and 1905. In February 1914 Lugknitz had “ a glassworks with four ovens, a branch of the Deutsche Ton- und Steinzeugwerke (Charlottenburg), a branch of the Deutsche Steinzeugröhrenfabrik (Hoffmann-Bunzlau), two Dachstein and chamotte factories, brick, two pottery factories, a special factory for extending tables and a fully operational coal mine. "
With the reopening of the Babina mine (Sorbian for 'grandmother') in 1921, Lugknitz was shaped by lignite mining. This mine became one of the most innovative lignite mining companies in Prussia; For example, a new mining method was developed that was later used in several pits with adequate geological conditions.
The Lugknitz district was founded on February 1, 1933 . This included the six rural communities of Berg , Burglehn Muskau , Gablenz , Köbeln , Krauschwitz and Lugknitz. On April 1, 1938, the district was reduced to include the Krauschwitz community, which was merged with Rudolfhütte (formerly Keula) and moved to the newly established Krauschwitz district . On April 1, 1940, the Lugknitz community was dissolved. About two thirds were incorporated into the city of Muskau together with the Berg community, about three quarters of the rest were incorporated into Sagar and one quarter into Krauschwitz. The reduced administrative district was renamed the Gablenz district .
Towards the end of the Second World War, Lugknitz, like the entire Muskau urban area, was badly destroyed.
After the war, the municipality of Łęknica, now on Polish-administered territory, was rebuilt and was incorporated into the Żary district with most of the right-wing communities in the Rothenburg district . As a result of the demarcation, the corridors remained west of the Neisse near Muskau, while the eastern suburb of Muskau and large parts of the Pückler Park came to Łęknica. In 1956 the place became a city-like settlement and in 1969 received city rights . With the Żary district, Łęknica was reclassified from the Wroclaw Voivodeship to the newly founded Grünberg Voivodeship in 1950 and remained in this even after the voivodeships were restructured in 1975.
After the political change in East Central Europe in 1989/1990, one of the largest markets on the German-Polish border was established at the Grenzbrücke.
In 2011 a new border crossing was opened in the south of the city. In this context, a bypass was built, which forms the new beginning of Landesstraße 12 . The S 127b built on the German side runs between Krauschwitz and Sagar and is indirectly connected to the S 126 to Weißwasser , the S 127 to Görlitz and the federal highway 115 .
A cycle path was laid out in 2014/2015 on the route of the former Lubsko – Bad Muskau railway line . It leads over the railway bridge, which has been closed for decades, and joins the Oder-Neisse cycle path in Bad Muskau .
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1782 | 107 |
| 1825 | 181 |
| 1885 | 369 |
| 1905 | 1,164 |
| 1910 | 1,465 |
| 1919 | 1,439 |
| 1933 | 1.919 |
| 1939 | 1,857 |
| 1955 | 1,451 |
| 1961 | 2,160 |
| 1970 | 3,032 |
| 2004 | 2,648 |
| 2008 | 2,565 |
| year | farmers | gardener | Cottager | all in all |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1552 | 4th | 6th | 7th | 17th |
| 1630 | 4th | 3 | 9 | 16 |
| 1647 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 |
| 1699 | 4th | 5 | 7th | 16 |
| 1782 | 5 | 3 | 7th | 15th |
| 1810 | 10 | 3 | 8th | 21st |
From the land register of the class rule, it can be seen that the village consisted of 17 farms in 1552. Each of the four farms was a feudal estate. In the 17th century there were still 16 farms, six of which were in desolation at the end of the Thirty Years War . At the beginning of the 19th century the number of farmers had risen to 10, but these were only semi-farms .
In 1782, the civil authority put the population at 107, but August Schumann gave an undated population of 140 in his 1819 encyclopedia, which was divided among 30 houses, including five farms. At the first Prussian census in 1825, which no longer focused on the form and number of farms, but instead gave equal consideration to every inhabitant, 181 inhabitants were identified. By 1885 their number doubled to 369. According to Arnošt Muka's statistics on the Sorbs in Upper Lusatia, 380 Sorbs and 3 Germans lived in Lugknitz at the beginning of the 1880s, which corresponds to a Sorbian population of 99%.
Due to increasing industrialization, the number of inhabitants tripled within twenty years, so that in 1905 there were already 1164 inhabitants. By 1910 the number rose again to 1,465. The First World War brought growth to a standstill, so that the population in 1919 was almost unchanged at 1,439 inhabitants. This made the community somewhat larger than the district town of Rothenburg (1427 inhabitants) and about a third of the size of Muskau (4247 inhabitants). In the interwar period, the population rose again and reached almost 2000 in 1933, but fell back slightly to 1857 by 1939.
After the end of World War II and Poland's shift to the west , residents of the former Polish eastern territories were resettled, while the remaining German residents had to leave the place.
Ten years after the end of the war, Łęknica had 1,451 inhabitants. Just six years later, the population of around 2100 exceeded the pre-war level of the place. In 1970 Łęknica, meanwhile elevated to town, had 3,032 inhabitants. This number fell slightly by the beginning of the 21st century, so that in 2008 there were still 2565 inhabitants.
Place name
The German name Lugknitz is derived from łuka 'meadow' or laka 'swamp'.
The Sorbian name Wjeska can be translated as ' little village' or 'Dörfel, Dörflein'.
The Polish name Lubanica , used in 1945, was changed to Łęknica in 1946 .
coat of arms
Blazon :
split between red and green, a white eagle with a golden crown, claws and beak at the crack. In the back a white and red striped boundary stone on a brown hill and blue waves.
Meaning:
The Łęknica coat of arms in its current form was introduced in 1990. It symbolizes Łęknica's affiliation to Poland ( Polish heraldic eagle ) and its border location on the Neisse.
literature
- Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 172 f .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Sprawozdanie sytuacyjne Powiatowego Komitetu PPS w Żarach za miesiąc maj 1946 roku
- ^ Walter Frenzel : Prehistory finds of the Rothenburg district together with an introduction to the prehistory of Upper Lusatia . Gebr. Müller GmbH, Bautzen 1926, p. 41, 44 .
- ↑ a b Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population (= German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - publications of the Institute for Slavonic Studies . Volume 4 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 123 .
- ↑ Muskauer Anzeiger No. 189 of May 29, 2006. Retrieved on September 3, 2014 .
- ^ Gablenz district. In: Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas 1874–1945. Rolf Jehke, accessed on July 14, 2015 .
- ↑ Information up to and including 1970 from: Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Historische Stätze - Schlesien (= Kröner's pocket edition. Vol. 316). 2nd improved and enlarged edition. Coroner. Stuttgart 2003. p. 307
- ↑ on an area of 16.4 km²
- ^ A b Count Hermann von Arnim-Muskau, Willi A. Boelcke: Muskau. Jurisdiction between the Spree and the Neisse . Ullstein publishing house, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1978, ISBN 3-550-07377-1 , pp. 602 .
- ↑ Lugknitz . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 6th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1819, p. 86.
- ^ Robert Pohl: Heimatbuch , p. 82 ff.
- ^ The Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2009. (PDF) Central Statistical Office of Poland, November 9, 2009, p. 87 , archived from the original on November 22, 2009 ; Retrieved April 7, 2010 (Polish / English, 2.8 MB).
