List of neo-Hittite kings

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Yariri (r.) And Kamani (l.), Successive rulers of the neo-Hittite state of Karkemiš on a hieroglyphic Luwian relief

The Neo-Hittite states were sorted according to geographical location.

All years are before the beginning of the calendar, so the "BC" is omitted.

The contemporary sources given indicate the language in which they were written. This can be:

Post-Neo-Hittite rulers and the Hittite viceroys of Karkemiš are also listed for the sake of completeness. Post-Neo-Hittite rulers are marked as such.

Euphrates region

Karkemiš (Luwish Karkamis)

For the sake of completeness of the dynastic sequence, the viceroys of the Hittite empire are also given.

Viceroy dynasty
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Piyaššili Šarri-Kušuḫ circa 1321 to 1309 first viceroy of Karkemiš, son of Šuppiluliuma I. Hittite
Šaḫurunuwa from 1309 Son of Piyaššili Hittite
Ini-Teššub I. at the time of Ḫattušili III. and Tudḫaliya IV. , probably 60 years Son of Šaḫurunuwa Hittite
Talmi-Teššub at the time of Šuppiluliuma II. Son of Ini-Teššub I. Hittite
Kuzi Teššub dynasty
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Kuzi-Teššub approx. 1200 / early to mid 12th century / 1180 to 1150 Son of Talmi-Teššub, called himself the Great King Luwish
Mazakarhuha early to mid 12th century Classification uncertain Luwish
Ir-Teššub middle / late 12th century Government unclear Luwish
Ini-Teššub II. approx. 1100 / late 12th to early 11th century Government unclear Assyrian
Tudhaliya possibly 11th or 10th century Government unclear, possibly also followed Uratarhunza, possibly also before Ir-Teššub Luwish
x-paziti possibly later 11th or 10th century / possibly early 10th century possibly Sipaziti or Sapaziti Luwish
Uratarhunza possibly later 11th or 10th century Son of x-paziti Luwish
Suhi dynasty
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Suhi I. possibly early 10th century Luwish
Astuwalamanza possibly mid 10th century Son of Suhi I. Luwish
Suhi II. possibly late 10th century Son of Astuwatamanza Luwish
Katuwa possibly 10th or early 9th century / approx. 880? Son of Suhi II. Luwish
Suhi III.   ev. son of Katuwa Luwish
Sangara dynasty
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Sangara approx. 870 to 848 Assyrian, Luwian
Isarwilamuwa   Son of Sangara Luwish
Kuwalanamuwa   Son of Isarwilamuwa Luwish
Astiruwa Late 9th to early 8th century / approx. 848 to 790 Son of Kuwalanamuwa Luwish
Yariri early to mid 8th century / approx. 790 "Subject of Astiruwa", regent Luwish
Kamani early to mid 8th century / ca.760 / ca.738 Son of Astiruwa Luwish
Sastura Mid 8th century Government unclear, Vizier von Kamani Luwish
Son of Sastura 2nd half of the 8th century possibly identical to Pisiri, possibly also known as Astiru II Luwish
Pisiri approx. 738 to 717 Assyrian

Melid (Luwian Malizi; Greek Melitene)

Kuzi Teššub dynasty
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Kuzi-Teššub approx. 1200 / early to mid 12th century / 1180 to 1150 King of Karkemiš Luwish
PUGNUS-mili I. later 12th century Son of Kuzi-Teššub Luwish
Runtiya later 12th century Son of PUGNUS-mili I. Luwish
Arnuwanti I. later 12th century Brother of Runtiya Luwish
PUGNUS-mili II. late 12th to early 11th centuries Son of Arnuwanti I, possibly identical to Allumari Luwish
Allumari approx. 1100 possibly identical to PUGNUS-mili II. Assyrian
Arnuwanti II. late 12th to early 11th centuries Son of PUGNUS-mili II. Luwish
PUGNUS-mili III. possibly 11th or early 10th century Government unclear Luwish
CRUS + ra / i dynasty
Surname Reign Remarks swell
CRUS + ra / i possibly 11th to 10th century Name possibly tare Luwish
Wasu (?) Runtiya possibly 11th to 10th century Son of CRUS + ra / i Luwish
Halpasulupi possibly 11th to 10th century Son of Wasu (?) Runtiya Luwish
later rulers
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Zuwarimi possibly 11th or 10th century Government unclear Luwish
Mariti possibly 11th or 10th century Son of Suwarimi Luwish
Sahwi identical to ḫaḫu? Then later Luwish
Sa (?) Tiruntiya identical to Ḫilaruada? Then later Luwish
Lalli min. 853 to 835 Assyrian
Opponent of the Zakur of Hamath early 8th century identical to Šaḫu / Sahwi? Aramaic
Šaḫu early 8th century identical to Sahwi? urartan
unknown king early 8th century Urartu subject to tribute, identical to Šaḫu? urartan
Ḫilaruada approx. 784/780 to 760/750 identical to Sa (?) tiruntiya? urartan
Sulumal 743 to 732 Assyrian
Gunzinanu approx. 720/719 Deposed by Assyrians , synonym Gunzianu Assyrian
Tarḫunazi approx. 719 to 712 used by Assyrians instead of Gunzinanu Assyrian
Muwatalli 713 to 708 Assyrian Mutallu, king of Kummuh, used by the Assyrians Assyrian
Assyrian rule from 708 Assyrian
Mugallu 675 to 651 independent king, post-neo-Hittite ruler Babylonian, Assyrian
x-ussi approx. 640 Son of Mugallu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler Assyrian

Cow (Luwian Kumaha; Greek commagene)

 
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Hattusili I. approx. 866 to approx. 857 Assyrian Qatazilu Assyrian
Kundašpu approx. 856/853 Assyrian
Suppiluliuma 805 to 773 Assyrian Ušpilulume, Assyrian subject Luwian, Assyrian
Hattusili II Mid 8th century Son of Suppiluliuma Luwish
Kuštašpi approx. 750 to 730 Urartean and Assyrian subject Urartian, Assyrian
Muwatalli 712 to 708 Assyrian Mutallu, used by Assyrians Assyrian

Masuwari (Assyrian Til Barsip)

The two dynasties
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Hapatila late 10th to early 9th centuries Dynasty A Luwish
Ariyahina late 10th to early 9th centuries Grandson of Hapatila, Dynasty A Luwish
Father of Hamiyata late 10th to early 9th centuries Usurper , Dynasty B Luwish
Hamiyata late 10th to early 9th centuries Dynasty B Luwish
Son of Hamiyata early to mid 9th century Dynasty B Luwish
Son of Ariyahina Mid 9th century Dynasty A Luwish
Bit-Adini (Aramaic)
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Aḫuni 856/875 to 855 Assyrian

Antitaurus Region, West Syrian Region

Gurgum (Luwian turmeric)

 
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Astuwaramanza late 11th century Luwish
Muwatalli I. early 10th century Son of Astuwaramanza Luwish
Larama I. approx. 950 Son of Muwatalli I. Luwish
Muwizi later 10th century Son of Larama I. Luwish
Halparuntiya I. earlier 9th century Son of Muwizi Luwish
Muwatalli II. 858 Son of Halparuntiya I., Assyrian Mutallu Luwian, Assyrian
Halparuntiya II approx. 853/855 to 830 Son of Muwatalli II, Assyrian Qalparunda Luwian, Assyrian
Larama II. later 9th century Son of Halparuntiya II, Assyrian Palalam Luwian, Assyrian
Halparuntiya III. 805 to approx. 800/780 Son of Larama II, Assyrian Qalparunda Luwian, Assyrian
Tarḫulara 743 to approx. 711 Assyrian
Muwatalli III. circa 711 Son of Tarḫulara, Assyrian Mutallu Assyrian

Unqi-Pattinu (Luwisch Walastini)

early rulers
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Taita I. 11th century Luwish
Taita II. 10th century Luwish
Manana 10th century Luwish
Suppiluliuma I. 10th century Luwish
Halparuntiya I. 10th century Government unclear Luwish
"Lubarna Dynasty"
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Labarna I. approx. 875/870 to 858? Assyrian Lubarna Assyrian
Suppiluliuma II. 858/857 Assyrian sapal elm Assyrian
Halparuntiya II 858/857 to 853 Assyrian Qalparunda Luwian, Assyrian
Labarna II 831/829 Assyrian Lubarna Assyrian
later rulers
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Surri 831 usurper Assyrian
Sasi 831 Assyrian subject Assyrian
Tutammu 738 Assyrian

Hamath (Luwish Imatu)

early rulers
Surname Reign Remarks swell
To'i early 10th century Synonym Tou Old Testament (2 Samuel 8: 9)
Parita dynasty
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Parita 1st half of the 9th century Luwish
Urahilina 853 to 845 Son of Parita, Irḫuleni in Assyrian Luwian, Assyrian
Uratami approx. 830/840 to 820 Son of Urhilina, Assyrian possibly Rudamu Luwian, Assyrian?
later rulers
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Zakkur about 800 Aramaic
Azri-Jau 738 Government unclear Assyrian
Eni-Ilu 738 Assyrian
Jau-bidi 720 Assyrian

Central Anatolia

Central Anatolia was called Tabal, which consisted of various principalities, but could also be named as such.

Tabal / Bit-Burutaš (Greek Cappadocia)

Tabal
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Tuwati I. 837 Assyrian Tuatti Assyrian
Kikki 837 Son of Tuwati I. Assyrian
Hartapu 8th century Son of Mursili Luwish
Tuwati II Mid 8th century Luwish
Wasusarma approx. 740/38 to 730 Son of Tuwati II, Assyrian Wassurme Luwian, Assyrian
Ḫulli 730 to 726 Assyrian subject Assyrian
Ambaris approx. 721 to 713 Son of Ḫulli, deposed by the Assyrians Assyrian
Iškallu approx. 679 Synonym Iskallu, post-neo-Hittite ruler Assyrian
Mugallu 663, 651 post-neo-Hittite ruler, identical to Mugallu, king of Malatya? Assyrian
x-ussi approx. 640 Son of Mugallu, post-neo-Hittite ruler, identical to x-ussi of Malatya? Assyrian

Atuna (Luwian Tuna)

Atuna
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Ušḫitti approx. 740 to 732 Assyrian
Ashwisi 3rd quarter of the 8th century Government unclear, identical to Ušḫitti? Luwish
Kurti approx. 732/718 to 713 Son of Ashwisi Luwian, Assyrian

Ištunda

Ištunda
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Tuḫamme 738 to 732 Assyrian

Šinuḫtu

Šinuḫtu
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Kiyakiya 718 Assyrian Kiakki Luwian, Assyrian

Tuwana (Greek Tyana)

Tuwana
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Warpalawa I. early 8th century Government unclear Luwish
Saruwani 1st half of the 8th century Luwish
Muwaharani I. approx. 740 Luwish
Warpalawa II. approx. 740 to 705 / approx. 738 to 710 Son of Muwaharani I., Urballa in Assyrian Luwian, Assyrian
Muwaharani II End of the 8th century Son of Warpalawa II. Luwish

Ḫupišna (Greek Kybistra)

Ḫupišna
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Puḫamme 837 Assyrian
U (i) rimme approx. 740 Assyrian

Naḫita (Luwian Nahiti)

Naḫita
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Saruwani 9th century Luwish

Til Garimmu

Til Garimmu
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Gurdi 705 Assyrian

Kaška

Kaška
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Dadi-Ilu 738 to 732 Kaška probably identical to Kaška from the Hittite sources Assyrian

Cilicia

Que (Luwish Hiyawa; Plain Cilicia)

Que
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Kate 858 to 831 Deposed by Assyrians Assyrian
Kirri 831 Brother of Kate, appointed by the Assyrians in place of Kate Assyrian
Awariku approx. 738 to 709 Synonym Warika, Assyrian Urikki Luwian, Phoenician, Assyrian
Azatiwata approx. 705 possibly regent, government unclear Luwian, Phoenician
Son of Awariku late 8th to early 7th centuries Government unclear Luwian, Phoenician

Ḫilakku (Luwish Hilika, Hirika)

Ḫilakku
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Piḫirim Mid 9th century Assyrian
Ambaris approx. 718 to 713 King of Tabal Assyrian
Arms of Sandaš at 665 post-neo-Hittite ruler Assyrian

Tanakun

Tanakun
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Tulli 833 "Prince" of Tanakun Assyrian

Illubru

Illubru
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Kirua 696 "Prince" of Illubru, post-neo-Hittite ruler Assyrian

Kundu and Sissu

Kundu and Sissu
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Sanduarri 678/676 “Prince” of Kundu and Sissu, post-neo-Hittite rulers, possibly identical with Azatiwata Assyrian

Pirindu (Rough Cilicia)

Pirindu
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Appuašu 557 post-neo-Hittite ruler Babylonian

Aramaic States

Sam'al (Ya'udi)

Sam'al
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Gabable approx. 920 / approx. 900 to 880 Phoenician
Banihu approx. 880 to 870 Son of Gabbar Phoenician
Ḫajjanu approx. 870 to 850/858 to 853 also Hajja, son of Banihu Phoenician, Assyrian
Ša-Il approx. 850 to 840 Son of Hajjanu Phoenician
Kilamuwa approx. 840 to 830/810 Brother of Ša-Il Phoenician
Qarli / Qurila approx. 810 to 790 Son of Kilamuwa? Aramaic
Panamuwa I. approx. 790 to 750 Son of Qarli Aramaic
Bar-Ṣur approx. 750 to 745 Son of Panamuwa I. Aramaic
usurper approx. 745 to 740 Aramaic
Panamuwa II. approx. 743/740 to 733/32 Son of Bar-Sur, Assyrian Panammu Aramaic, Assyrian
Bar rakib approx. 733/32 to 732/713/711 Son of Panamuwa II. Aramaic, Luwian

Bit-Agusi (Arpad)

Bit agusi
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Gusi circa 870 Assyrian
Hadram approx. 860 to 830 Son of Gusi, Assyrian Adramu or Arame Assyrian
Attar-šumki I. approx. 830 to 800 Assyrian, Aramaic
Bar-hadad about 800 Son of Attar-šumki I, government unclear Aramaic
Attar-šumki II. 1st half of the 8th century Son of Bar-Hadad Aramaic
Mati-Ilu Mid 8th century Son of Attar-šumki II. Aramaic

Kasku (Kaska; Ktk)

Kasku
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Bar-Ga'ja Mid 8th century

Soba (zobah)

Soba
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Hadad-ezer at the time of Saul and David Old Testament (1 Samuel 14:47, 2 Samuel 8: 3-12)

Aram Damascus

Damascus
Surname Reign Remarks swell
Bar-Hadad I. approx. 900 Hebrew Ben-Hadad Old Testament (1 Kings 15: 16-22)
Hadad-ezer Mid 9th century Assyrian Adad-idri Assyrian
Haza-El Mid-9th century to 803? / 844/42 to 800 Aramaic, Old Testament (2 Kings 8: 7-15), Assyrian
Bar-Hadad II 803? to 775? Son of Haza-El, Hebrew Ben-Hadad, Assyrian titled as Mari ' Old Testament (1 Kings 20), Assyrian
Hadjan II approx. 775? until the middle of the 8th century Hebrew Hezjon, Assyrian Hadiiani Assyrian
Rasjan Mid-8th century to 732 Hebrew Rezin, Assyrian Rahianu Old Testament (2 Kings 16: 5-9), Assyrian

literature

  • Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-921872-1 .
  • Christian Marek , Peter Frei : History of Asia Minor in Antiquity. Verlag CHBeck, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-59853-1 .
  • Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany : The Hittites and their empire. The people of 1000 gods. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1676-2 .
  • Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Routledge, London 1999, 2002, ISBN 0-415-13231-2 .
  • Jean-Jaques Glassner: Mesopotamian Chronicles. Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2004, ISBN 1-58983-090-3 .
  • Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2012, ISBN 978-1-58983-269-5 .
  • Anna Margherita Jasnik, Mauro Marino: The West-Anatolian origins of the Que kingdom Dynasty. In: VI Congresso Internazionale di Ittitologia. Rome 2005.
  • Mark Weeden: After the Hittites: The Kingdoms of Karkamish and Palistin in Northern Syria. In: Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. 56 (2) (2013), pp. 1-20.
  • Susanne Berndt-Ersöz: The Chronology and Historical Context of Midas. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 57 (1) (2008), pp. 1–37.
  • Stephanie Dalley: Sennacherib and Tarsus. Anatolian Studies 49, Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997 (1999), pp 73-80.
  • Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . De Gruyter, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-022225-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany: The Hittites and their Empire; The people of 1000 gods . Stuttgart 2002, pp. 164-167, p. 315.
  2. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 115.
  3. ↑ a b Mark Weeden: After the Hittites: The Kingdoms of Karkamish and Palistin in Northern Syria. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 56 (2), p. 9.
  4. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  5. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  6. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  7. ^ Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 91.
  8. ↑ Nicolò Marchetti, Hasan Peker: The Stele of Kubaba by Kamani and the Kings of Karkemish in the 9th Century BC , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 2018; 108 (1): 81-99.
  9. ↑ Nicolò Marchetti, Hasan Peker: The Stele of Kubaba by Kamani and the Kings of Karkemish in the 9th Century BC , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 2018; 108 (1): 81-99.
  10. ↑ Nicolò Marchetti, Hasan Peker: The Stele of Kubaba by Kamani and the Kings of Karkemish in the 9th Century BC , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 2018; 108 (1): 81-99.
  11. ↑ Nicolò Marchetti, Hasan Peker: The Stele of Kubaba by Kamani and the Kings of Karkemish in the 9th Century BC , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 2018; 108 (1): 81-99.
  12. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  13. ↑ Nicolò Marchetti, Hasan Peker: The Stele of Kubaba by Kamani and the Kings of Karkemish in the 9th Century BC , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 2018; 108 (1): 81-99.
  14. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  15. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  16. ^ Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 90.
  17. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York 2012, p. 98.
  18. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 115.
  19. ↑ a b c d Trevor Bryce : The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York 2012, p. 107.
  20. ^ A b c Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 92.
  21. ^ Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 110.
  22. ^ A b Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 65.
  23. ↑ Mark Weeden: After the Hittites: The Kingdoms of Karkamish and Palistin in Northern Syria. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 56 (2), p. 15.
  24. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York 2012, p. 128 f.
  25. ↑ Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Atlanta 2012, p. 8.
  26. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York 2012, p. 141.
  27. ^ Christian Marek, Peter Frei: History of Asia Minor in antiquity. Munich 2010, p. 802.
  28. ↑ Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Atlanta 2012, p. 9.
  29. ^ A b Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 175.
  30. ^ Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 94.
  31. ^ Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 60.
  32. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  33. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  34. ^ Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 128.
  35. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  36. ^ Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 38.
  37. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York 2012, p. 179.
  38. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York 2012, pp. 179-180.
  39. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York 2012, pp. 175-178, p. 309.
  40. ^ Gwendolyn Leick: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London 1999, 2002, p. 68.