Lynn (Massachusetts)

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Lynn, Massachusetts
Lynn, Massachusetts (Massachusetts)
Lynn, Massachusetts
Lynn, Massachusetts
Location in Massachusetts
Basic data
Foundation : 1629
State : United States
State : Massachusetts
County : Essex County
Coordinates : 42 ° 29 ′  N , 70 ° 57 ′  W Coordinates: 42 ° 29 ′  N , 70 ° 57 ′  W
Time zone : Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 )
Residents : 89,050 (as of: 2000)
Population density : 3,180.4 inhabitants per km 2
Area : 34.9 km 2  (approx. 13 mi 2 ) of
which 28.0 km 2  (approx. 11 mi 2 ) are land
Height : 9 m
Postcodes : 01901-01905
Area code : +1 339/781
FIPS : 25-37490
GNIS ID : 0613376
Website : www.ci.lynn.ma.us
Mayor : Chip Clancy

Lynn is a city in Essex County in the US state of Massachusetts .

history

The present city area was settled by immigrants in 1629 under the leadership of Edmund Ingalls. In 1631 the community was named Saugus after the name of the Nipmuck Indians in this area . The town was renamed Lynn in 1637 in honor of Samuel Whiting, the first town minister to arrive from King's Lynn in Norfolk .

In the course of the settlement history, independent cities developed from the settlement area. Reading was founded in 1644, Lynnfield in 1782, Saugus in 1815, Swampscott in 1852 and Nahant in 1853. Lynn itself was incorporated as a town in 1850.

During the colonial period , Lynn was an important location for tanneries and the shoe industry, which was founded in 1635. The boots worn by the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War came from the Lynn factories . The booming shoe industry led to urban growth in the community in the early 19th century. This important time is reflected in the city's coat of arms by the image of a shoe. The economic crisis of 1857 worsened conditions in the shoe industry significantly. After layoffs and wage cuts, the shoemakers organized the largest strike in US history before the Civil War from February to March 1860 .

While only one stagecoach was in service in 1816, by 1836 23 carriages served the Lynn Hotel, Boston route every day . The Eastern Railroad line, between Salem and eastern Boston, opened on August 28, 1838. This train connection was later merged with the Boston and Maine Railroad to form the Eastern Division . In 1847, telegraph lines were laid through Lynn, but the network did not go into operation until 1858.

The shoe manufacturers, led by Charles A. Coffin and Silas E. Barton , were already financially involved in the emerging electrification in 1883 by investing in the Thomson-Houston Electric Company founded by Elihu Thomson . Thomson-Houston Electric merged with the Edison Electric Company to form General Electric (GE) in 1892, and Coffin became General Electric's first president. Elihu Thomson served as President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1920 to 1923 .

Initially, GE in Lynn specialized in the production of arc lamps and electric motors. Electrical systems and components were later developed for aircraft as well as aircraft engines that were used during World War II. The engine plant was established as a result of good contacts with MIT in Cambridge. Gerhard Neumann played a decisive role in the development of GE's engine division in Lynn, and the collaboration between the research department of materials science at MIT and the resulting improvements in jet engine efficiency have given Lynn a locational advantage to this day.

The city suffered from several major fires in the late 1970s and early 1980s. On November 28, 1981, the former shoe factories on Broad and Washington Streets burned to the ground. The flames destroyed 17 homes in the downtown area and caused $ 10 million in damage. The area was subsequently redeveloped and is used as the satellite campus of the North Shore Community College.

Alongside General Electric and West Lynn Creamery (now part of Dean Foods ), Durkee-Mower , the maker of Marshmallow Fluff , was one of Lynn's largest employers.

To avoid the long-standing image of “ Lynn, Lynn the city of sin. You never come out, the way you went in. ", The image campaign" City Of Firsts " was started in the 1990s with the following slogans:

  • First location of the metalworking industry (1643)
  • Commissioning of the first fire engine (1654)
  • Construction of the first aircraft engine in the USA
  • Birthplace of Lydia Pinkham (1819–1883), the first influential woman in advertising
  • The site of the first floodlit baseball game
  • Location of the first dance school in the USA
  • Location of the first tannery in the USA
  • Destination of the first US airmail shipments

Over time, some of these claims have been debunked as incorrect or unfounded. The first airmail delivery in the USA took place on Long Island and the first baseball game under artificial light in Indiana . The first aircraft engine in the USA was built in Lynn, but was essentially based on British developments.

21st century

In the early 21st century, numerous urban development projects resulted in a renaissance of Lynn. Vacant industrial buildings were converted into loft apartments . Tom Kennedy was able to win over the renowned architect and European boss of the world's largest real estate agent Jones Lang LaSalle , Robert Orr, for the redevelopment of the harbor district. The city administration supported the new development with the street lighting and signage, which was renovated in the antique style, the facade renovation of old buildings and the new construction of the football stadium.

Lynn is now home to one of the largest Russian communities in the Massachusetts North Shore region . The first wave of immigration began in the early 1990s when Russians of Jewish descent were recognized as refugee status by the American government.

The Great Stew Chase Road Race is one of the three oldest 15-kilometer running events in the United States. It has been held annually in February since 1974.

In December 2007 the Massachusetts Seaport Advisory Board approved a US $ 750,000 ferry service from Lynn to Boston.

  • Lynn Marshes (1905)

  • Goldfish Pond (1905)

  • City Hall Square (1906)

  • Mole (1908)

  • Overview (1909)

  • High Rock Tower (1910)

  • Market Street (1911)

  • Newhall House (1913)

Demographics

Historical population figures
year Residents + / -% year Residents + / -%
1790 2,291 - 1800 2,837 23.8%
1810 4,087 44.1% 1820 4,515 10.5%
1830 6.138 35.9% 1840 9,367 52.6%
1850 14,257 52.2% 1860 19,083 33.9%
1870 28,233 47.9% 1880 38,274 35.6%
1890 55,727 45.6% 1900 68,513 22.9%
1910 89,336 30.4% 1920 99.148 11.0%
1930 102,320 3.2% 1940 98.123 - 4.1%
1950 99,738 1.6% 1960 94.191 - 5.6%
1970 90.294 - 4.1% 1980 78,471 - 13.1%
1990 81,245 3.5% 2000 89,050 9.6%

According to the last census in 2000, Lynn had 89,050 people in 33,511 households, 21,044 families and 34,637 housing units. The population density was 3177 people per km². The largest ethnic group in the city was made up of around 68 percent of residents of European descent. About 11% African-American and 6.43% Asian lived in Lynn at the time.

Children under the age of 18 lived in 32.5% of households. There were individuals living in 31% of all households and persons who were 65 years of age or older lived in 11.8%. The average household size was 2.62 people while the average family size was 3.31 people.

In the city, 27% of the population were under 18 years old, around 9% between 18 and 24 years old, 31% between 25 and 44 years old, 20% between 45 and 64 years old, and 12.8% were over 65. The mean age was 34 years. For every 100 women older than 18 there were 89.5 men.

The median income was $ 37,364 for a single household and $ 45,295 for a family household. The average income for a man was US $ 34,284 versus US $ 27,871 for a woman. The per capita income was US $ 17,492. Over 13% of families and around 16% of the total population lived below the poverty line in 2000.

The population decline that began in the 1950s and continued into the 1980s has now been stopped.

Education

The first school building (1910)

Lynn has three public high schools (Lynn English, Lynn Classical, Lynn Vocational Technical Institute "Lynn Tech"), four junior high schools , two alternative schools and 22 elementary schools . With the St. Mary's High School and there is also an independent Catholic high school.

The KIPP Academy Lynn is a charter school operated by the KIPP: the Knowledge Is Power Program (“the knowledge is power program”).

traffic

Lynn is connected to Boston and nearby communities such as Revere via the MBTA's Newburyport / Rockport Line and several bus routes . Studies are currently underway on the feasibility of extending the Blue Line underground line to Lynn.

Attractions

High Rock Tower (2006)
  • Central Square Historic District: Old Town district with Lynn's oldest buildings. 42 ° 27 '50 "  N , 70 ° 56" 44 "  W.
  • Grand Army of the Republic Museum: The museum was built in 1885 with funds from war veterans and is known, among other things, for its monumental works in the 240 m² entrance hall. 42 ° 27 '47.9 "  N , 70 ° 56' 54.2"  W.
  • High Rock Tower: An observatory and lookout tower built in 1848 overlooking Nahant, Boston, downtown Lynn, Egg Rock, and the ocean. 42 ° 28 '5.2 "  N , 70 ° 56' 47.4"  W.
  • Lynn Woods: At 2,200 acres, the largest urban park in New England and the second largest in the United States. Historic sites such as the Stone Tower, Steel Tower, the Wolf Pits and Dungeon Rock are located here. It was founded in 1881. 42 ° 29 '25.1 "  N , 70 ° 59' 37.8"  W.
  • Pine Grove Cemetery: With approximately 89,000 burial sites, Pine Grove is one of the largest cemeteries in the state. It was created in the mid-1800s. 42 ° 28 ′ 42.9 "  N , 70 ° 57 ′ 42"  W.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities related to the city

See also

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Brief History of Lynn. (No longer available online.) Www.ci.lynn.ma.us, archived from the original on August 29, 2012 ; accessed on December 14, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ci.lynn.ma.us
  2. ↑ Lynn's coat of arms in the English language Wikipedia
  3. ^ Howard Zinn: A People's History of the United States . Harper Perennial, New York 2005, ISBN 0-06-083865-5 , p. 231.
  4. ↑ Elihu Thomson Papers. American Philosophical Society, archived from the original on December 6, 2008 ; accessed on December 14, 2008 .
  5. ↑ MassMoments GE Jet Engine Tests in Lynn ( Memento from October 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ The office bubble . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 2004 ( online ).
  7. ^ The Great Stew Chase Road Race
  8. ↑ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau
  9. ^ School Profiles ( Memento from December 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ KIPP Academy Lynn
  11. ↑ KIPP, the Knowledge Is Power Program
  12. ↑ Rapid-transit extension to Lynn still on table, but funds are lacking , The Boston Globe , April 6, 2008.
  13. ↑ MBTA Blue Line
  14. ^ The Grand Army of the Republic Museum
  15. ↑ High Rock Tower History ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ci.lynn.ma.us
  16. ↑ Lynn Woods Reservation
  17. ↑ Pine Grove Cemetery