Riedmark

Riedmark is the name of a historical landscape in the Mühlviertel in Upper Austria . The location and extent of the Riedmark changed over the centuries. Originally it was used to designate a region of Eastern Franconia , later a regional court in the Duchy of Austria and is now a region in the lower Mühlviertel , northeast of Linz , through the Haselgraben in the west, the Aist in the east, the Danube in the south and the border with the Czech Republic is limited to the north. The Gallneukirchen basin is sometimes also referred to as the Riedmark, but this is only part of the historical landscape.

Individual places in the lower Mühlviertel have the designation "in der Riedmark" in the place name, for example Ried in der Riedmark and Alberndorf in Riedmark . The former Passau castle Riedegg near Gallneukirchen also derived its name from the Riedmark.

Mark of the East Franconian Empire

In the document Confirmatio Ludovici Pii (823) from King Ludwig the Pious , Ried in der Riedmark ( Reode ) is mentioned for the first time as the capital of an old parish of the Diocese of Passau that already existed at the time of Charlemagne . In 853, at the request of Bishop Erchamfrid of Regensburg , King Ludwig the German confirmed, among other things, the donation of the part of the Riedmark located between the rivers Aist and Naarn to the St. Emmeram monastery by the then East Franconian border count Wilhelm . Residents of Riedmark found also in the 903 by King Ludwig strained Raffelstetten Customs Regulations for the three counties ( tres comitates ) of the former Carolingian Marchia orientalis as Reodarii mention. The Riedmark was subsequently part of the Duchy of Bavaria .

Area growth for Austria

From 1115, the part of the Riedmark east of the Aist came under the influence of the Margraviate of Austria , when Margrave Leopold III. brought the possessions of the St. Florian monastery in the Riedmark into his sphere of influence and the inhabitants of the Riedmark had to pay the so-called Marchfutter (a war tax) to the Babenbergers . Nevertheless, in 1142, King Conrad III. At the request of Abbot Berthold I , Garsten Monastery added a large stretch of forest in Riedmark from the Jowernitz River to the Aist and to the borders of the Slavs.

In 1191 the possessions of the Lords of Perge finally came to Austria, which had meanwhile been elevated to a duchy, via Duke Leopold V , after Frederick II of Perg died during the 3rd Crusade in the Holy Land . In 1218 the territories of the Lords of Machland and finally in 1224 the possessions of the monasteries Gleink and Garsten in the Riedmark were swapped over by Duke Leopold VI. Part of the Duchy of Austria. In 1235 the Regensburg cathedral bailiff Otto V. von Lengenbach tried to take possession of the Garsten monastery in Riedmark with other nobles, which led to decisive intervention by Duke Friedrich II and cost the bailiff his life in January 1236.

Demarcation from Machland

The old Riedmark comprised the entire lower Mühlviertel until the middle of the 13th century, with the exception of a strip between Aist and Sarmingbach along the Danube, which formed the Machland . The border between Riedmark and Machland ran from the confluence of the Aist into the Danube via Aisthofen towards Perg . From there in an arc over Münzbach to close to the Danube near Mitterkirchen . Then back inland to St. Thomas on the bladder stone . From there again to Pannholz near Grein and from there up to St. Georgen am Walde .

Babenberg regional court

In 1227 Duke Leopold VI created in today's lower Mühlviertel from the old Riedmark the two regional courts Riedmark and Machland . Aist , Waldaist and White Aist formed the boundary between the two regional courts . Until the abolition of manorial rule in 1850, Freistadt was the headquarters of the Riedmark Regional Court. In 1230, Ebirgerus, the first district judge in Riedmark ( iudex in Riedmarchya ) is mentioned in a document. In December 1276 Ulrich I of Kapellen was authorized by King Rudolf, among other things, to return the goods that had been lost to the Regensburg bishopric in Riedmark and Machland. In 1290 Heinrich I von Walsee received from Duke Albrecht I Freistadt and the Riedmark as security for a loan of 2000 pounds. In 1342 Reinprecht I von Walsee also called himself captain and lord of the Riedmark . In 1360 and 1361 Jans von Traun was captain of the Riedmark. The court was then in Pregarten .

Traditional judges of the Riedmark were:

• Ebirgerus (1230)
• During von Altenhofen (1297)
• Buzko von Horach (around 1323)
• Seybot Sweinpekch (1328)
• Wolf species of the Gule (1331–1335)
• Reinprecht I of Walsee (1342)
• Weichart of the Pernawer or Ulrich von Pernawe (1350)
• Chunrat Scheurbech (1355-1357)
• Jans of Traun (1360, 1361)
• Ott Vawchter (1369-1386)
• Stefan Gulher (1390)
• Ulrich von Keutschach (1410)

From the Riedmark district court, the Freistadt district court emerged from the 15th century .

literature

• Otto Guem : The regional courts of the lower Mühviertel. In: Mühlviertler Heimatblätter . Issue 3/4, Linz 1966, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
• Leopold Mayböck : The Machländer area and its history. In: Our homeland - The district of Perg. Association for the publication of a district homeland book Perg - Communities of the district of Perg. Perg 1995, pp. 40–52.
• Julius Strnadt : History of the rule Windeck and Schwertberg in the land above the Enns. In: Archive for customer of Austrian historical sources, Volume XVII. The commission of the Imperial Academy of Sciences set up for the care of patriotic history. Vienna 1857, pp. 161–162.
• Julius Strnadt: The free people of the old Riedmark - Wenden and Bajuwaren settlement. Hölder, Vienna 1915.
• Ferdinand Zöhrer: Upper Austria Chronicle. Catholic press association. Linz 1905, pp. 212-213.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ludwig the Pious - RI I n. 778. 823 June 28, Franchonofurt. In: Regesta Imperii. Retrieved January 29, 2020 . 
2. ↑ Regesta Imperii, Regensburg, on January 18, 853  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ^ Regesta Imperii, 903-905