Kapeller

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family coat of arms of those of Capellen

The Kapellers (also called Capellers or Lords of Capellen ) were an important Austrian noble family from the 12th to 14th centuries who lived in Austria above the Enns (Upper Austria). Their power was based on the political success of King Rudolf I of Habsburg in a struggle with King Ottokar II Přemysl .

history

Origin and headquarters

The name of the Kapeller derives from the family seat on a small wooded hill in Kappling near Gunskirchen . After the chaplains had acquired numerous other properties, they left their ancestral home, which fell into disrepair over time. In 1680 there were still the remains of a church in Kapling, which have now disappeared. Aerial photos of Kappling show the foundations of the castle complex. In the estate of the Walter Neweklowsky collection, the ancestral seat of the Kapeller is classified as a "vanished castle".

Noble band band

In the oldest documents one finds the chaplains as noble free ("nobiles") of the country. They had relationships with the Starhemberger , Losensteiner and Volkenstorfer families from an early age , although they were not yet on a par with them. In the rows of witnesses in the documents, they usually come before or after the Volkenstorfern.

In the 1130s, Beringer de Capelle and a few other witnesses were explicitly referred to as “Free” (“Hi omnes liberi sunt”).

Kapeller as ministerial

The originally free chaplains voluntarily became dependent on the Margraves of Steyr around 1138 . For when the Salzburg Archbishop Konrad I. founding on February 22, 1138 Rein confirmed and on 10 October 1139 the Admont the tithe of Otto von Machland promised that Kapeller have been used to Traungauer counted ministerials. The reason for this conversion could have been that, on the one hand, the chaplains did not feel powerful enough to be able to successfully resist the efforts that the Styrian margraves were beginning to build up a princely rule, and on the other hand, that the status of the unfree ministerials had come closer and closer to that of the noble free and former freelancers may have had a competitive advantage over other ministerials.

With money and soldiers, the band always played a leading part in the warlike ventures of their sovereigns. After the change of rule, they were also loyal to the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl , but switched to Rudolf von Habsburg in time , to whose success they made a decisive contribution. Rudolf's gratitude for this was decisive for the further development of the Kapeller.

Occasionally the chaplains are counted among the Upper Austrian Apostles' families, but this is incorrect, because they only acquired their importance as ministerials during the time of the Habsburgs and Walsee .

Kapeller as district judge

In the course of their family history, the chaplains held the following regional courts:

  • Machland District Court : This district court covers the majority of the connected Kapeller property.
  • District Court Stetteldorf am Wagram : Stetteldorf was the second district court that Ulrich II von Kapellen acquired. After the Kapeller became extinct, this district court went to the Starhembergers.
  • Donautal district court: Konrad II von Kapellen was appointed by the showers as district judge for the Passau Danube valley. After Konrad's death, the Schaunbergers no longer granted this district court.
  • District court Peilstein: Konrad II also acquired the district court Peilstein east of the river Ybbs from Duke Friedrich der Schöne . Peilstein was repeatedly bought back by the sovereign and pledged again, Peilstein was also transferred to the band at least a second time.
  • District court Schlierbach: Hans von Kapellen acquired the district court Schlierbach around 1310, which his son Ulrich and the Schlierbach lordship sold to the Walseer around 1353.
  • Lichtenfels district court: The chaplains had the Lichtenfels district court and rule administered by carers.
  • Hadersdorf district court: After the Falkenbergs died out in 1355, the people of Walsee and Kapeller inherited the Falkenberg rule and the Hadersdorf district court belonging to it. In 1367 the brothers Friedrich and Heinrich von Walsee-Drosendorf sold their share of the Falkenberg reign to Eberhard I von Kapellen in Vienna. After the death of Eberhard II, the Hadersdorf district court came to the Dachsberger through his daughter Wilbirg.
  • District court "Niederhalb der Enns": One of the seats of this little-witnessed district court was Weistrach east of Steyr.

coat of arms

Blazon : The family coat of arms shows the shield five times divided in red and silver in an arched cut on the right; on the helmet with red-silver helmet covers two golden horns .

Possessions

While the Lords of Walsee steadily expanded their position of power in Upper Austria south of the Danube, the chaplains had most of their possessions north of the Danube in Machland. Their position is thus comparable with the Lords of Perg and Machland at the time of the Babenbergs .

At the time of their extinction, the chaplains owned around 40 castles and seats in the countries above and below the Enns. Their inheritance came through their two daughters Dorothea and Wilburg to Hartneid von Liechtenstein and Jörg von Dachsberg.

Important band

  • Berengar von Kapellen was one of the most respected servants of the Styrian Otakare in the 12th century .
  • In 1300 Hans I. von Kapellen (also called Janns von Kapellen ) had a comprehensive land register laid out in which 438 goods, tithe, feudal people and other possessions were listed. In 1312 Janns von Kapellen was the owner of the "Linzer Urfahr". Duke Friedrich renewed the pledge of the Machland Regional Court to the Kapeller for Janns and granted him the tithe from this part of the country, the later Amt Naarn . The office of Weitersfelden also fell to the Kapellern under Janns. In 1352 they also acquired the Reichenstein rule . Janns was married to Kunigunde von Wallsee , who gave him their sons Ulrich and Eberhard. Janns died in 1354.
  • Eberhard II von Kapellen supported the sovereign in 1381 against the rebellious Schaunberger and was awarded the Machland district court for life. He is in 1384 in one of the court chancellery Albrechts III. also mentioned as a witness in a letter issued for the University of Vienna . In 1388 Eberhard II supported the duke in a war against the city of Passau and occupied the Oberhaus fortress with his people . With Eberhard II, the band died out in 1406. His widow Anna married Reinprecht II von Walsee and gave him the rule of Windegg .

Tribe list

  1. NN
    1. Piligart, ⚭ Otachar I. von Schlierbach
    2. Berengar / Berenger / Peringer / Pernger I. (first documented mention approx. 1125–1165?), Last nobleman of the family
      1. Berengar II (documented mention 1165? –1215?), Ministeriale des Styrian Margraves
        1. Berengar III.
        2. \\ Degenhart / Deinrat (first documented mention 1205–1215)
          1. Pilgrim I. (* around 1200; first documented mention 1237–1250), ⚭ Gisela von Viehofen, Steyregger line of the Kapeller
            1. Ulrich II. (Documented 1267–1301), district judge ob der Enns, ⚭ I) 1276 Gertraud von Lonsdorf, ⚭ II) 1281 Elisabeth von Zelking , ⚭ III) Margarete von Falkenberg or von Losenstein
              1. (II) Leutgard / Liutgard, ∞ Otto II. (Von Zelking)
              2. (III) Elisabeth (1291–1334), ⚭ Otto I. von Zelking
              3. (III) Hans / Jans I. (first documented mention 1297–1355), ⚭ Kunigunde von von Walsee († 1342)
                1. Eberhard I. (around 1315–1386 / 87), captain of Enns and keeper of Schärding , ⚭ Jutta von Pottenstein
                  1. Wenceslaus
                  2. Bernhard
                2. Anna, prioress of the Pulgarn convent
                3. Ulrich IV. (First documented mention 1325–1357), sale of the Schlierbach estate around 1353, ⚭ Katharina von Liechtenstein
                  1. Kunigunde
                  2. Elisabeth / Elspet
                  3. Hans / Jans II.
                  4. Eberhard II. († 1406), ⚭ I) Sophia von Kuenring , ⚭ II) Anna von Tybein (∞ II. Reinprecht II. Von Walsee)
                    1. (I) Wilburg ⚭ Jörg von Dachsberg
                    2. (I) Dorothea ⚭ Hartneid V. von Liechtenstein
          2. Hadmar / Konrad I., died single
          3. Ulrich I (first documented mention 1215? –1270), follower of Ottokar II. Přemysl, ⚭ Elisabeth von Zelking, Kürnberger line of chaplains
            1. Pilgrim II (first documented mention 1277–1309), canon of Passau
            2. Ulrich III. (first documented mention 1272–1287), Burgrave of Ebelsberg , ⚭ Elisabeth von Lonstorf
              1. Konrad III., Died unmarried
              2. Pilgrim III, also died unmarried
              3. Agnes, ⚭ Albero VII. Von Kuenring
            3. Konrad II (documented mention 1267–1315), district judge in Linz, ⚭ Minzia von Volkenstorf
            4. Margareta ⚭ Heinrich von Volkenstorf
          4. NN (female), ⚭ Ulrich I. von Trixen [Truchsen]

Remarks:

\\a generation could still be missing here. Berengar III. could have been Degenhart's brother or father

Followers of the band in Machland

The chaplains had most of their possessions in the Machland. The following servants are worth mentioning there (in alphabetical order):

  • Arbinger : Wetzel von Arbing was first mentioned in 1288 and attested several documents from the Baumgartenberg monastery in the wake of the chaplains. His son of the same name is dubbed "Herr Wetzel von Arbing", district judge of Machland, in 1337.
  • Au : Dietreich von Awe found himself for the first time in 1297 in the wake of Ulrich von Kapellen. As a feudal chaplain, Chunrad von Au was also a district judge in Machland.
  • Chuleub : On November 11, 1297, a knight named Hartnid von Chuleub in the entourage of Hans von Kapellen , who probably named himself after his ancestral seat in Kilb , Lower Austria . His son Ott the Chuleuber was also named a knight.
  • The Engelpoldsdorfer appeared in the 14th century. Herwig's daughter Sophie moved a farm in Eizendorf in Saxen to Baumgartenberg in 1356 , which, in addition to Ulrich and Eberhard von Kapellen, her brother Rudolf der Engelpoldsdorfer testified.
  • Flachenecker : Herbordus de Flaccheneke was mentioned in 1209. The Flachenecker family, who also had possessions in the Riedmark and south of the Danube, repeatedly testified in the wake of the chaplains.
  • Fleischess : The headquarters of the Fleischess are probably to be found in Lower Austria. From 1298 they also appeared in the Machland in the wake of the chaplains. Heinrich der Fleischess was designated as a district judge in Machland in 1357.
  • Frei : With foreword from Frey , a member of this family first appeared in 1315, whose ancestral seat cannot be located, but was certainly in the Machland.
  • Freitel von Windhag : The first bearer of the name Vreitel owned Windhaag Castle and was named in a document by Ulrich von Kapellen in 1276. His son Heinrich appeared in 1290 as Heinricus de Winthag in Ulrich von Kapellen's entourage. The economic crisis in the middle of the 14th century also hit the Windhager hard, so that the brothers Otto, Jans, Ulrich and Freitel, known as the Freitel von Windhag, had to transfer two goods to the pastor of St. Thomas am Blasenstein and the Waldhausen monastery in 1256 . Freel's son Heinrich had to sell more goods.
  • The Hauser , which can be traced back to 1135, were one of the few knight families of the Machland who survived the crises of the 14th century well. This may have contributed to the fact that she was also in the service of Duke Albrecht III. and thus had a second economic pillar.
  • Holzer : When Her Soften the Holczer von Chlamm donated a fiefdom and a farmstead to Baumgartenberg in 1297, he asked Ulrich, Pilgrim and Konrad von Kapellen to be witnesses. The last mention of the Holzer comes from the year 1347, when Herweig's son of the same name had to sell his own farmstead in Eizendorf to Baumgartenberg.
  • The Imzingers named themselves after the place Inzing in the parish of Mitterkirchen and belong to the oldest families in the Machland. Even as 1,154 monasteries Baumgartenberg and Waldhausen a comparison because of the legacy of Otto von Machland concluded was Bertholdus de Imezingen among the witnesses. Between 1290 and 1332, Gerhart Marckhgott recorded no fewer than 33 times a Heinrich von Ympzing in the documents.
  • Lempel : Churat der Lempl sold a Hube to Hofstetten in Baumgartenberg in 1297. It did not have its own seal, which is why Hans von Kapellen sealed his sales contract at his request. The Lempl were called knights at least in the second half of the 14th century.
  • Mitterberger : The connections between this knight family and Mitterberg Castle are unclear. The Mitterbergers gladly sent their daughters to the Pulgarn nunnery, a foundation of the Kapeller.
  • Mitterkircher : The family based in Mitterkirchen in Machland liked to use the first names Otto and Walchun, which suggests that the Mitterkirchers used to be servants of the Lords of Machland.
  • Öder : In 1265, Hertwig, the first known Öder von Geiersberg appeared in the Machland. Between 1320 and 1330 the family split into Öder von Schwertberg and Öder von Kriechbaum . Between 1330 and 1380 Lorenz der Öder, Ott der Öder and Albrecht der Öder were several district judges in the Machland.
  • Osterberger : Marquart von Osterberg, which was first mentioned in a document in the Machland in 1290, may have immigrated from Steyr . From 1304 to 1313 he was a district judge in the Machland. However, its traces are lost after 1318.
  • The Steiner owned the Innernstein Castle and were originally servants of the Klam-Velburger. In the 14th century they received their fortress Innernstein as a fief from the chaplains.
  • Smida : Hartmud de Smida first appears as a witness in 1240. His son Ulrich died childless around 1310 and was inherited by the Fleischess.
  • Tannpeck : The Tannpeck, which possibly named themselves after the Tannpeckhof near Mitterkirchen in Machland, appeared for the first time in 1325 with Friedrich der Tannpeckh in a Machland document.

literature

  • Heribert Raidl: The gentlemen of chapels. Dissertation, Vienna 2002.
  • Jodocus Stülz : To the genealogy of the family of the gentlemen of Capellen. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. 6th year, Linz 1842, pp. 73–167 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Alois Weiß von Starkenfels , Johann Kirnbauer von Erzstätt : J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms. Volume IV, Section 5, Upper Austrian Nobility. Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1904, p. 19, plate 9.
  • Leopold Josef Mayböck , Alfred Höllhuber : The market sword mountain and the castle Windegg. Windegg working group in the Schwertberger Kulturring. Schwertberg 1987, pp. 156-158.
  • Peter Grassnigg: 700 years of the market - 500 years of the city of Steyregg. Stadtgemeinde Steyregg, Steyregg 1982, pp. 25-29.

Individual evidence

  1. Johann Ev. Lamprecht : Historical-topographical register or historical place directory of the country whether the Ens: as an explanation of the chart of the country whether the Ens in its shape and division from the 8th to the 14th centuries . Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, 1863, p. 42 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. Neweklowsky Walter Collection. In: landesarchiv-ooe.at. Upper Austrian Provincial Archives , accessed on June 21, 2020 .
  3. a b Raidl 2002, p. 26.
  4. Codex Traditionum Monasterii Garstensis . In:  Upper Austrian document book . Volume 1, No. XII, p. 125.
  5. ^ Salzburg document book. Volume I, No. 484, p. 519.
  6. Archbishop Chunrat of Salzburg returns the tithe in Lungau to Admont Monastery, which Otto von Machlant has refused to use . In:  Upper Austrian document book . Volume 2, No. CXXIII, Friesach, October 10, 1139, p. 187 ("De ministerialibus Marchionis Lantfridus de Eppenstein, Berenger de Capella, ...").
  7. Raidl 2002, p. 22.
  8. a b c d Raidl 2002, p. 7.
  9. Apostles. In: Lexicon from burgen-austria.com.
  10. Raidl 2002, pp. 213-228.
  11. ^ Raidl 2002, family tables on p. 15, 57, 59 and 72; Kurt Holter : History of Schlierbach up to 1355. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Volume 116a, Linz 1971, p. 217 (family tree, entire article p. 213–248, PDF (2.8 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
  12. a b c d e f Upper Austrian document book, secular part (540-1399) 1360 IX 11 (Duke Rudolf of Austria enfeoffs Eberhart the elder von Capellen, his sister Anna, Johann and Eberhart, brothers, and their sisters Elsbeth and Kunigunde with all Fiefdoms, so that after the male line leaves, they should also inherit the female descendants and their children) in the European document archive Monasterium.net .
  13. ^ Raidl 2002, pp. 189-208.