Marie of Saxony-Altenburg (1818–1907)
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Alexandrine Marie Wilhelmine Katharine Charlotte Therese Henriette Luise Pauline Elisabeth Friederike Georgine von Sachsen-Altenburg , VA (born April 14, 1818 in Hildburghausen ; † January 9, 1907 in Gmunden , Upper Austria ) was a princess of Saxony-Altenburg and the last queen by marriage from Hanover .
Life
origin
Marie was the eldest of the six daughters of Duke Joseph von Sachsen-Altenburg (1789–1868) from his marriage to Amalie (1799–1848), daughter of Duke Ludwig von Württemberg . Marie's birthplace was the residence of her ancestors until her grandfather, Duke Friedrich von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, became Duke of Sachsen-Altenburg in 1826.
Queen of Hanover
On July 14, 1839, the 21-year-old Marie von Sachsen-Altenburg met the blind Crown Prince and later King George V of Hanover (from the noble family of the Guelphs ) in his summer residence at Schloss Monbrillant . They married on February 18, 1843 in the castle church of Hanover . The three crown prince oaks on Waterlooplatz in Hanover, which were planted on the day of the wedding, commemorate the wedding . The Crown Princess was a follower of pietism , with which she came into conflict with her father-in-law. King Ernst August also found her withdrawn demeanor to be too bourgeois. Since she nursed her children herself, for which a noblewoman was usually entitled to wet nurses , her father-in-law refused to dine with her at a table. He also denounced that the Crown Prince couple rode together in a carriage.
The young couple first moved into the Fürstenhof in Calenberger Neustadt , then in 1846 the Ernst-August-Palais in Adolfstraße . Her son and two daughters were born around this time. The withdrawn and humble couple were extremely popular with the population.
From 1851 to 1866, Marie was the last queen on Hanover's throne at her husband's side. In 1859 she laid the foundation stone for the Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Mother House with an attached hospital in Hanover, which was inaugurated a year later and which she called the Henrietten Foundation in memory of her grandmother Henriette von Nassau-Weilburg and largely from her private resources, from the inheritance of her grandmother, financed.
On April 14, 1857, his wife's 39th birthday, George V gave his wife a mountain near Nordstemmen . He decreed "that this mountain should be called Marienberg for this purpose and that a castle, called Marienburg, would be built for Her Majesty's summer residence on this site".
Exile in Austria
After the Battle of Langensalza in 1866, the Kingdom of Hanover was annexed by Bismarck and made a Prussian province . In 1867 Marie followed her dethroned husband into exile in Austria . In 1866, Georg had recommended his wife and daughters, whom he had left behind in Herrenhausen , to his “loyal Hanoverians” in his last message. Marie had moved from Herrenhausen to Marienburg Castle , her private property, in 1867 , and then, at Prussia's insistence , left for Austria . The circle around the Queen in Marienburg had attracted attention through anti-Prussian agitation .
After the death of George V (1878), Queen Marie chose Villa Thun in Gmunden as her widow's residence , since then this villa has been called Queen of Hanover or simply Queen's Villa . The villa is still privately owned by the House of Hanover . The condolence address addressed to Marie for Georg from Hanover had been signed by 43,700 people.
In 1907 Queen Marie died in Gmunden, she was buried in the mausoleum of Cumberland Castle.
reception
The Marienberg and Marienburg Castle in Pattensen near Hanover are named after Marie , which King George V gave her for her birthday in 1857 and had it built for her until 1867. She never saw the castle again after leaving for exile.
She is the namesake of the Marienhospital Osnabrück , which she supported financially when it was founded in 1859 and beyond. Together with her husband, she gave the name of today's town of Georgsmarienhütte near Osnabrück . The Georgs-Marien-Bergwerks- und Hüttenverein in Georgsmarienhütte, founded in 1856, is also named after her and her husband.
In his work “ What the day brings me to ”, the writer Peter Altenberg dedicates a poem to Queen Marie in Gmunden, which begins with the following lines:
- Happy queen who fate took so much
- to give her everything, peace of life and rest!
progeny
The marriage with King George V had three children:
- Ernst August (1845–1923), Crown Prince of Hanover and 3rd Duke of Cumberland
- ⚭ 1878 Princess Thyra of Denmark (1853–1933)
- Friederike (1848–1926)
- ⚭ 1880 Baron Alfons von Pawel-Rammingen (1843–1932)
- Marie (1849-1904)
Publications
- GM Willis (ed.): Hanover's fateful year 1866 in King George V's correspondence with Queen Marie. Lax, Hildesheim 1966.
literature
- Georg (Crown Prince of Hanover): Memorial set for the wedding ... Georg [s] of Hanover with her Highness Princess Marie von Altenburg, Duchess of Saxony , 1843 ( digital copy )
- Wilhelm Rothert : General Hannoversche Biography Volume 1: Hannoversche men and women since 1866 , Sponholtz, Hannover 1912, pp. 219-224
- Ingrid Spitzbart: King George V of Hanover and his family in Gmunden exile. Pages 67–80 in: Gudrun Keindorf and Thomas Moritz (ed. On behalf of the association "Friends of Burg Plesse" eV): "Greater than Heinrich the Lion." King George V of Hanover as builder and identity giver. Accompanying volume for the exhibition. State and University Library Göttingen, Paulinerkirche. Mecke Verlag, Duderstadt 2003. ISBN 3-936617-16-3
- Local news. In the castle Weilburg are present…. In: Badener Bezirks-Blatt , June 11, 1881, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).
- Local news. High bathing guest .. In: Badener Bezirks-Blatt , June 11, 1881, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).
- Horst-Peter Wolff: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Nursing , p. 190 f.
Web links
- http://www.henriettenstiftung.de/daten/Marie_11050989347920.pdf (PDF; 32 kB)
- http://www.welfen.de/MarieExil.htm
- http://burgerbe.wordpress.com/2009/04/08/schloss-marienburg-litzer-grus-vom-konigreich-hannover/
- Literature by and about Marie von Sachsen-Altenburg in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Wippermann: Georg V. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, pp. 657-670. See page 661
- ^ Dieter Brosius : Hanover as a royal residence. In: History of the City of Hanover , Vol. 2 From the beginning of the 19th century to the present , ed. by Klaus Mlynek and Waldemar R. Röhrbein , Hanover: Schlütersche, 1994, ISBN 3-87706-364-0 , pp. 305-308; online through google books
- ^ Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein: History of the City of Hannover , Schlütersche, Hannover, 1994, p. 313
- ↑ Klaus Mlynek: Hannover Chronik: from the beginnings to the present: numbers, dates, facts , Schlütersche, Hannover, 1991, p. 130
- ↑ Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen : Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 129.
- ^ Karl Wippermann: Georg V. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, pp. 657-670. See page 669
| predecessor | Office | Successor |
|---|---|---|
| Friederike von Mecklenburg-Strelitz | Queen of Hanover 1851–1866 |
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| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Marie of Saxe-Altenburg |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Alexandrine Marie Wilhelmine Katharine Charlotte Therese Henriette Luise Pauline Elisabeth Friederike Georgine von Sachsen-Altenburg |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Princess of Sachsen-Altenburg and by marriage the last Queen of Hanover |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 14, 1818 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hildburghausen |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 9, 1907 |
| Place of death | Gmunden , Austria |