Marienstift (Einbeck)

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Walled rectangular cemetery of the Marienstift in 1654 west of the Tiedexer Tor

The Marienstift was a collegiate monastery founded in the Middle Ages in front of the Tiedex city gate of Einbeck .

location

The abbey area was located northwest outside the city walls of Einbeck. In the west it is bounded by the Hubeweg, in the south by the Tiedexer Tor (former names: Steinweg / Dasselsche Twetge) and in the north and east it went up to the Krumme Wasser . The cemetery of the monastery remained until the abolition of the monastery. Today a street on the dear woman still reminds of it.

The well-known city view from Merian's "Topographia Germaniae", vol. 15: "Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg", Frankfurt am Main 1654 - shows this cemetery and the entrenchments of the Tiedexer Tor are marked with an H.

Foundation and development

At the beginning of the 13th century, the Kalandsbrüder near Einbeck founded a church with a hospital for travelers and pilgrims and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary . The Kalandsbrüder were in this area a counter pole to the centrally organized Petersstift Nörten . In 1203 the Archbishop of Mainz Siegfried put their church under his protection. Count Palatine Heinrich exempted them from taxes in 1208. Around 1243 the Kalandsbrüder from Adolf II. Von Dassel received the tithe in Kohnsen , which they lent to the Lords of Oldershausen . After various donations, the Kalandsbrüder proposed the conversion to a collegiate foundation. The initiative was supported by the St. Alexandri Monastery. In 1297, the designation certificate was issued by Duke Heinrich Mirabilis with the permission of Archbishop Gerhard to: Collegiate Foundation of Our Lady or Collegiate Foundation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Latin = ecclesia collegiata beatae Mariae virginis).

The monastery received donations from:

The dean of the monastery created twelve posts for canons . He set the number of vicarages at six. The canons moved to Einbeck in 1319 after the squire Lippold von Freden set fire to their residential buildings out of anger over the city of Einbeck. As a result, they were now dependent on the opening times of the city gates, so that Chapter 1391 stipulated that people should meet immediately after the gate opened to read mass .

In 1408 Duke Otto, who was also provost of St. Alexandri, granted the monastery its own jurisdiction.

The Lords of Plesse tried to imitate the success of this monastery in their heavily indebted Benedictine monastery Marienstein . To do this, they converted it into a pen in 1447 by handing it over to the Mündener Kalandbrothers. However, these went back to Münden as early as 1451, as the payment claims exceeded the income.

In 1479 the Corvey Abbey ceded the right of patronage over the Church of St. Nicolai in Hullersen to the monastery.

In 1547, Emperor Charles V moved with his army towards the Elbe to fight the Schmalkaldic League . The citizens of Einbeck feared that the imperial troops could use the monastery building as a hiding place and starting point to attack their city. Therefore, as a precaution, they demolished the building, consisting of the church, chapter house, barns and 18 residential houses. This is how the Brunswick citizens proceeded with the Cyriakus pen .

After the Reformation

After the Reformation, which was introduced in this area by Elisabeth von Calenberg , the respective sovereign awarded the benefices to civil servants or military persons residing in different places, so that the monastery became their pension institution.

In 1566 the church was rebuilt. The roof ridge of this church can be seen on a woodcut from 1595, which Johannes Letzner printed in his Dasselischen and Einbeckischen Chronica. In 1632 General Pappenheim marched from the Weser towards Einbeck. The citizens of Einbeck feared that the church could serve as a stopover for an attack on Einbeck and therefore tore it down again. After the Thirty Years' War the monastery continued to exist as a corporation. It was moved to the Church of St. Alexandri and existed there like the local monastery until 1863. On July 1, 1863, it was repealed. The assets went to the General Hanover monastery funds by the Klosterkammer Hannover managed.

19th century

In the early 19th century, the pen belonged to the Leine department in the Kingdom of Westphalia . In the course of the new administrative structure, fiefs and old nobility privileges were also abolished in the kingdom. On December 1, 1810, the abolition of the monastery was ordered. On February 7, 1811, Prefect Delius put the estate up for sale. Since the property could not be sold in full, it should be leased. With the end of the kingdom, the old state was restored.

The traditional noble privileges were then abolished: the redemption of services and taxes was legally enshrined in the Kingdom of Hanover after the liberation of the peasants on November 10, 1831. The farms were preserved and the former landlords received monetary compensation.

possession

The church, whose architecture is not known, had a total of 7 altars:

  • High altar in the choir
  • Altar St. Fabiani and Sebastiani
  • Altar of the Magi
  • Altar of St. Katharini
  • Altar St. Francisci
  • Altar of St. John the Baptist and the Evangelist
  • Altar of the Holy Angels.

The altars were assigned the 6 vicarages and 7 coming ones. An altar has been preserved in the Lower Saxony State Gallery .

At the beginning of the 19th century the monastery still had tithe rights in Kohnsen , Dorste , Deitersen , Edesheim , Holtensen , Olxheim , Amelsen and Avendshausen ; furthermore 27 hooves (Meierhöfe) distributed among the offices of Rotenkirchen , Erichsburg , Westerhof , Brunstein , Hunnesrück and Wickensen ; also around 400 acres of land near Einbeck, Kuventhal and Volksen .

Deans

Between its foundation and 1547, the monastery had eighteen deans:

  • Bertold von Kinnebard until 1335
  • Henricus Rotundi from 1335
  • Conrad von Nesselreden from 1358
  • Wedekind von Odagsen from 1377
  • Hermann Heinfridus from 1399
  • Hermann Niedegen from 1417
  • Johann von Berckefeldt from 1424
  • Johann von Loch from 1428
  • Dieterichlesenberg from 1437
  • Johann Kleineberg until 1471
  • Burchard Utermöhlen until 1492
  • Johann Lemken until 1493
  • Andreas Topp until 1508, then dean in St. Alexandri
  • Johann Menz 1510
  • Dittmar Kruse until 1519
  • Bertold Raphon (brother of Johann Raphon , painter and dean in St. Alexandri) until 1529, then canon in St. Alexandri until 1536
  • Johann Smed until October 25, 1540, then canon
  • Johann Scheven November 25, 1540 - 1561

literature

  • Klinkhardt: History of the collegiate foundation beatae Mariae virginis before Einbeck, up to the separation of the churches. In: Vaterländisches Archiv, 1834, pp. 301ff. on-line
  • HL Harland: History of the city of Einbeck together with historical news. 1858, volume 2, p. 39ff.
  • Georg Max: History of the Principality of Grubenhagen. 1863, volume 2, p. 121ff.
  • Otto Fahlbusch: Alexander and Marienstift at the time of belonging to the Kingdom of Westphalia. In: Einbecker Jahrbuch 22, 1955/56, p. 57ff.
  • Edgar Müller: The Marienstift in front of Einbeck. In: Yearbook of the Society for Lower Saxony Church History, 98, 2000, p. 89ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kruppa, Nathalie: Die Grafen von Dassel (1097-1337/38), 2002, p. 300

Coordinates: 51 ° 49 ′ 19 ″  N , 9 ° 51 ′ 30 ″  E