Marquette (Michigan)

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Marquette
View of the harbor and promenade
View of the harbor and promenade
Location in county and Michigan
Marquette County Michigan Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Marquette Highlighted.svg
Basic data
Foundation : 1849
State : United States
State : Michigan
County : Marquette County
Coordinates : 46 ° 33 ′  N , 87 ° 24 ′  W Coordinates: 46 ° 33 ′  N , 87 ° 24 ′  W
Time zone : Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 )
Inhabitants :
-  Metropolitan Area :		 19,661 (status: 2000)
64,634 (status: 2000)
Population density : 678 inhabitants per km 2
Area : 50 km 2  (approx. 19 mi 2 ) of
which 29 km 2  (approx. 11 mi 2 ) are land
Height : 203 m
FIPS : 26-51900
GNIS ID : 0631600
Website : mqtcty.org

Marquette is a city in the American state of Michigan . The city is the administrative seat of Marquette County and has a population of nearly 20,000. This makes Marquette the most populous city on the Upper Peninsula (UP), the northern and sparsely populated part of Michigan.

Marquette has been an important inland port on the Upper Lake since its inception and grew primarily through the forest industry and ore mining. Marquette has been home to Northern Michigan University since 1899 . Marquette has been the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Marquette since 1937 , with the bishopric in St. Peter Cathedral .

geography

According to the United States Census Bureau , Marquette has an area of ​​50 km², of which 31 km² are land and 29 km² (= 41.09%) are water areas that are used for water sports. The urban area includes several small islands, including Middle Island, Gull Island, Lover's Island, Presque Isle Pt. Rocks, White Rocks, Ripley Rock and the Picnic Rocks in Lake Superior. The Marquette Underwater Preserve is just off the shore.

Marquette Mountain , which is mostly used by skiers, is in the urban area. Trowbridge Park in a non-community part of Marquette County is west of the city and Marquette Township is northwest.

US Highway 41 and Michigan State Route 28 overlap from the west into the city and leave it along the lakeshore to the southwest, where the routes separate. US 41 connects Marquette south with Chicago , while M-28 east to the Canadian border at Sault Ste. Marie leads. Duluth is at the end of what was once a continuation of the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway ; these tracks are no longer in service from Marquette to the south-west.

history

In the area around Marquette there are only scant traces of Native American settlement prior to the arrival of European immigrants. The area is not rich in game and the winters are harsh; Many rocks with traces of ore come to light here, which the indigenous people believe should attract thunderstorms. The French Jesuit and explorer Jacques Marquette is said to have explored the area in the 17th century, but there is no reliable evidence of this. In any case, the French were the first European settlers here, the nearby Dead River is referred to as the French Rivière de Morts on the oldest known map .

Stereoscopy of the Jackson Mine (approx. 1865–1880.)

The French had knowledge of copper ore deposits on the south bank of Lake Superior as early as the 17th century , but did not exploit them. The French influence was pushed back by the lost French and Indian War (1754–1763) against the British. In 1830, iron ore was discovered for the first time on the Upper Peninsula in addition to copper . In 1841, the Michigan state geologist, Douglass Houghton, confirmed the presence of iron ore around what is now the Marquette. In 1844 the surveyor William A. Burt confirmed the abundance of the deposit: when surveying today's Negaunee (approx. 18 km southwest and inland from Marquette), strong deviations in the compass direction occurred due to the exposed ore. In 1846, the Jackson Mine opened at the site of Burt's discovery .

In order to ship the iron ore extracted from the Jackson Mine , the mine operators looked for a suitable port on Lake Superior. Settlers led by Mackinac Island native Robert Graveraet chose the natural harbor at the mouth of the Carp River next to today's Marquette. Construction on the harbor began in the summer of 1849. The settlers named the place Worcester after Worcester , Massachusetts, home of Amos R. Harlow, leader of the second group of settlers who had followed Graveraet's group. The necessary building materials and tools came by sailing ship . The settlers built ore quays , houses, sheds and a hotel. Workers and settlers for the booming ore mining industry quickly followed, most of them Irish, German and French in origin. In 1850 the place was renamed Marquette in honor of Jacques Marquette of Worcester, in 1859 declared a village as a parish ( incorporation ), in 1871 then a town.

Culture and sights

St. Peter Cathedral, Marquette

The Presque Isle Park in Marquette was Frederick Law Olmsted designed, best known for his design of Central Park in New York. The city's historic City Hall sits at the highest point on Washington Street and was built in neo-Romanesque style from reddish sandstone of local origin.

Marquette County Courthouse

The county courthouse , the Marquette County Courthouse , was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1978 , making it a listed building. The architects Charlton and Gilbert from Marquette designed the building in a neoclassical style, and had it constructed from locally extracted sandstone from 1902 to 1904 . In 1913, former President Theodore Roosevelt won a civil case in this court for defamation against the editor of a newspaper. The sum awarded to him was six cents, the "price of a good newspaper". Another case heard in court inspired the novel Anatomy of a Murder by John D. Voelker , which was made into a film in 1959 under the title Anatomy of a Murder . Portions of the Oscar-nominated film were shot in the Marquette County Courthouse.

Other structures listed on the Nation Register of Historic Places include the Upper Peninsula Brewing Company Building , built in 1895 , the Harlow Block and Call House , Longyear Building and Yongyear Hall , City Hall and Marquette City Water Works , Harbor Light Station , the Savings Bank Building and the State House of Correction and Branch Prison .

The Superior Dome, the NMU's sports stadium, built in 1991, is the fourth largest geodesic dome in the world with a diameter of 163 m.

sons and daughters of the town

Town twinning

literature

Web links

Commons : Marquette, Michigan  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jon Modic: Marquette City Fire Department offers safety tips for summer swimming . ( uppermichiganssource.com [accessed July 8, 2018]).
  2. ^ A b Federal Writers' Project (ed.): Michigan: A Guide to the Wolverine State . Oxford University Press, New York 1941, p. 344.
  3. ^ A b Federal Writers' Project (ed.): Michigan: A Guide to the Wolverine State . Oxford University Press, New York 1941, pp. 344-346.
  4. ↑ a b MICHIGAN - Marquette County on the National Register of Historic Places: Marquette County Courthouse (NRHP listing 1978, # 78001506) (Retrieved January 1, 2010.)
  5. ^ Laura R. Ashlee: Traveling through time: a Guide to Michigan's Historical Markers . University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 2005, ISBN 0-472-03066-3 , p. 294.
  6. ↑ World's 10 Largest Domes on the Buckminster Fuller Institute website. (Retrieved April 14, 2009.)
  7. ↑ Guy E. Gibbon and Kenneth M. Ames: Archeology of Prehistoric Native America: an Encyclopedia . Taylor & Francis, London 1998, ISBN 0-8153-0725-X , pp. 414-416.
  8. ^ William C. Sylvan and Francis G. Smith: Normandy to Victory . University Press of Kentucky, Lexington KY 2008, ISBN 0-8131-2525-1 , p. 401.