Max Reichpietsch

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Memory of Max Reichpietsch and the sailors' uprising (GDR postage stamp from 1967)

Max Reichpietsch (born October 24, 1894 in Charlottenburg ; † September 5, 1917 at Wahn ) was a German soldier and in 1917 one of the organizers of the anti-war movement in the Imperial Navy .

Life

Gravestone of Max Reichpietsch and Albin Köbis in today's Luftwaffenkaserne Wahn

Both Reichpietsch and his parents were New Apostolic Christians . At the age of 18 he had volunteered for the Navy in 1912. Under the impression of the war , among other things as a participant in the Skagerrak battle , combined with the harassment of the officers and the inadequate catering - men were less well cared for than the officers - he turned into an opponent of the war.

As a sailor on the large-line ship SMS Friedrich der Große , he was, together with the chief heater Willy Sachse and the sailor Wilhelm Weber , as well as the stokers Albin Köbis and Hans Beckers stationed on the large-line ship SMS Prinzregent Luitpold , the organizer of the anti-war movement among the sailors of the high seas fleet in the summer of 1917. Various sailors, including Reichpietsch and Köbis, maintained contacts with the USPD leadership that summer .

Reichpietsch was arrested and sentenced to death on August 26, 1917 as the “main ringleader” for “completed uprising” together with Köbis, Sachse, Weber and Beckers in a court martial . Reichpietsch had previously received a total of fourteen disciplinary and field war sentences for various offenses, including lack of punctuality, absenteeism, disobedience and theft. The death sentence imposed on him was one of 150 during the entire war in the German Reich, of which only 48 were carried out.

The fine imposed on axis, Weber and Becker's death sentences were in prison sentences of 15 years transformed . On September 5, 1917, the death sentences against Max Reichpietsch and Albin Köbis were carried out on the Wahn firing range near Cologne. Today the Wahn air force barracks is located there .

Wilhelm Dittmann , left-wing social democratic politician and member of the Reichstag, judged the court proceedings in his later work The Naval Judicial Murders of 1917 and the Admirals Rebellion of 1918 as an "arbitrary military act for political reasons".

The graves of Max Reichpietsch and Albin Köbis located on the grounds of the Wahn Air Force Barracks are still inaccessible to normal public traffic. A permit from the German Armed Forces and the associated registration are required to visit the graves . In response to a request from Die Linke party , the federal government justified the restrictions on visits in October 2007 with the statement that the political motives of the sailors and the events of 1917 had not yet been adequately researched in German military historiography .

Political use

The New Apostolic Church (NAK) in the GDR (namely 'senior officials') propagated the fact that both Albin Köbis and Max Reichpietsch were New Apostolic and supporters of the revolutionary anti-war movement as a right to exist in real socialism .

memory

Street sign at Reichpietschufer in Berlin-Tiergarten
  • Theodor Plivier dedicated his novel “Des Kaiser Kulis. Novel of the German Fleet ”1930 “ Alwin Köbis ” and Max Reichpietsch .
  • In Kiel in the Neumühlen-Dietrichsdorf district , in the immediate vicinity of the Kiel University of Applied Sciences , a square is named after Max Reichpietsch.
  • In Cologne-Porz-Wahn, two streets were named after Albin Köbis and Max Reichpietsch in the mid-1990s. There, on the centenary of 2017, the DGB, the Friedensbildungswerk and the SJD / Falken commemorated the shooting on September 5th.
  • In the air force barracks in Cologne-Porz-Wahn there is a memorial stone in the military cemetery with relief images by Max Reichpietsch and Albin Köbis. During the Weimar Republic (KPD, Red Front Fighters Association), there were memorial events with thousands of participants in Porz-Wahn and rallies and demonstrations on the memorial site in the Federal Republic of Germany. The last larger ones on March 30, 1991 (PI-DAP, DKP, AL, ...) and on September 4, 1993 (Antifascist local group Porz, AABO) with 300 - 500 participants each.
  • The former Tirpitzufer (after Admiral von Tirpitz ) in front of the former imperial naval ministry ( Bendlerblock ) in Reichpietschufer , from which the Köbisstraße branches off, has been named after Max Reichpietsch in Berlin-Tiergarten since 1947 .
  • In Wismar there is a Max-Reichpietsch-Weg as well as the Albin-Köbis-Weg.
  • In Dranske on Rügen (until the end of 1991 naval base) there is the Max-Reichpietsch-Ring.
  • In Strausberg (suburb), two streets are named after Köbis and Reichpietsch near the Bundeswehr command facilities.
  • In Dresden Neustadt there was the Reichpietschufer (now Carusufer ) from 1945-1993 , followed by the Köbisplatz (now Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz ).
  • In Leipzig , a street in Reudnitz is named after Reichpietsch.
  • In the Schöndorf district of Weimar there is a Max-Reichpietsch-Straße.
  • In the Rostock district of Markgrafenheide, two streets are named after Köbis and Reichpietsch.
  • In Schwerin , Max-Reichpietsch-Strasse is named after him.
  • In Greifswald , at the former " GST -Hochsee-Yachten-Station" Greifswald-Wieck , the later GST-Naval School "August Lütgens" , two ocean- going yachts bore his name: 1. The Yawl Max Reichpietsch  (I), 80 m² sail area , was stationed there from 1954 to 1958 and was then transferred to Wismar . 2. The sailing yacht of the 8 CR class Max Reichpietsch  (II) belonged to the Greifswald GST training ship fleet from 1958 to 1962 and then came to Ückermünde .
  • A "Max Reichpietsch Albin Köbis Memorial Cup" is held annually in Berlin-Grünau - in 2018 for the 60th time. This is a sailing regatta on the Müggelsee .

literature

  • Illustrated history of the German Revolution . Internationaler Arbeiter-Verlag, Berlin 1929, pp. 158–159. (Reprint: New Critique Verlag, Frankfurt 1970, ISBN 3-8015-0073-X ) With photography.
  • Christoph Regulski: Better to be shot for ideals than to fall for so-called honor. Albin Köbis, Max Reichpietsch and the German sailor movement 1917. Marix-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-86539-378-4 .

Movies

Web links

Commons : Max Reichpietsch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ Alfred Krempf: What old church registers tell. Lecture.
  2. ^ Franz Uhle-Wettler: Alfred von Tirpitz in his time . ES Mittler & Sohn, Hamburg / Berlin / Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-8132-0552-5 , p. 445 .
  3. ^ Wilhelm Dittmann : The naval judicial murders of 1917 and the Admiral's rebellion of 1918 . JHW Dietz Nachf., Berlin 1926.
  4. ↑ Bernd Langer : Germany 1918/19: The flame of the revolution. Unrast Verlag, Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-89771-234-8 , p. 97.
  5. ↑ Erhard Ludwig: On the effectiveness of religious ideologies among citizens of the GDR demonstrated using the example of the New Apostolic Church in the Erfurt district. (PDF; 1.0 MB). Dissertation. 1969, p. 11.
  6. ^ To the anti-war day 2017 - series of events: The sailors' uprising 1917. In: Politics and Society. August 14, 2017. From Koeln-Bonn.DGB.de, accessed on September 9, 2019.
  7. ↑ today's Federal Ministry of Defense
  8. ↑ Reichpietschufer . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  9. ↑ Although the actual main entrance of the Ministry is on Reichpietschufer, the address is Stauffenbergstrasse 18, which branches off to the side.
personal data
SURNAME Reichpietsch, Max
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German soldier and in 1917 one of the organizers of the anti-war movement in the Imperial Navy
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Charlottenburg
DATE OF DEATH September 5, 1917
Place of death with madness