Maximiliane of Oriola

Maximiliane of Oriola. Painting by Caroline Bardua

Maximiliane of Oriola. Painting by Eduard Jakob von Steinle

Countess Maximiliane von Oriola (born October 23, 1818 in Berlin ; † December 31, 1894 there ) was a 19th century Berlin salonnière .

Life

Maximiliane ("Maxe") was a daughter of the poet couple Achim (1781-1831) and Bettina von Arnim (1785-1859). She grew up in Wiepersdorf Castle in the Mark Brandenburg region and in Berlin . In the 1840s she played a social role at the court of King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia , with whose cousin Prince Waldemar of Prussia she was close friends. She was also in contact with the statesman Prince Felix von Lichnowsky .

On June 28, 1853, she married the Prussian officer Eduard von Oriola (1809–1862) in Wiepersdorf , with whom she lived in Bonn from 1853 to 1856 . At the end of October 1856 Oriola became the commander of the 5th Cavalry Brigade in Frankfurt / Oder , so that the family lived in Berlin for the following years . Further stations were Koblenz in 1859/60 and Breslau from 1860 to 1866 , where her husband led a military command. Already at this time she ran a salon-like house, and also from 1866 to 1894, which she spent in Berlin again.

Not remarried after Edward's death in 1862, she emerged as a health care provider during the German Wars of Unification and founded the “Invalidendank” foundation. Later she joined the board of directors of the “Association for Women and Virgins” and was awarded the Order of Luise in 1866 and 1873/74 (first war, then peace class). She was friends with many other salonniers of the time, such as Hedwig von Olfers .

She died in Berlin on New Year's Eve 1894 and was buried in the Catholic St. Hedwig Cathedral cemetery at Liesenstrasse 8. The tomb with two monumental slabs still exists.

family

Marriage and offspring

She married the later Prussian Lieutenant General Eduard von Oriola (1809-1862) on June 28, 1853 in Wiepersdorf . The couple had five children:

• Waldemar Joachim Freimund (1854–1910) ⚭ 1880 Anna Maria Berna , b. Christian (1846-1915)
• Armgard Bettina Sophie (born June 15, 1856 in Bonn ; † 1938) ⚭ 1881 Albert Eperjesy von Szászváros and Tóti (1848–1916)
• Joachim Roderich Salvator (1858–1907) ⚭ 1905 Countess Maria von Hartmann (1880–1951)
• Dolores Marie Luise (born January 30, 1859 in Berlin, † December 22, 1912 in Teupitz )
• Roderich Deodat Wilhelm Albert Eduard (born September 3, 1860 in Berlin - † December 17, 1911), retired Prussian Rittmeister . D.

⚭ 1884 Irene Countess von Flemming (1864–1946), divorced in 1895

⚭ 1902 Maja von Karass (1880–1945)

Famous relatives

Maximiliane was the niece of Friedrich Karl and Kunigunde von Savigny on her mother's side and of Clemens Brentano . She was also the granddaughter of Maximiliane von La Roche . She was also related by marriage to Herman Grimm , her sister Gisela's husband , and Countess Luise von Oriola (1824–1899), sister of her husband and lady of the palace of Empress Augusta . Her cousins ​​were the philosopher Franz Brentano and the economist Lujo Brentano .

salon

After the death of her husband, Countess Oriola moved back to Berlin in 1866, the year of the German War , where she had held her "Fridays" since the 1870s, which gradually became a permanent fixture in Berlin society. Her salon - first on Bellevuestrasse, since 1872 on Potsdamer Strasse , and finally in the 1880s on Bülowstrasse - was, like that of Countess Schleinitz , literary and musical, but nonetheless counted many politicians among his habitués , which included the special situation of Berlin as the new imperial capital after 1871. In addition to artists and intellectuals, court circles were particularly well represented, the emperor's adjutants general as well as the empress's ladies-in-waiting.

Maximiliane did not share the exuberant Bismarck cult , which was typical of the Baroness Spitzemberg , but was also not one of his opponents, such as Countess Schleinitz. On the whole, her salon had an educated , middle-class , late Biedermeier character, which certainly had something to do with her origins from a poet's household and her socialization in Vormärz . Although she was born noble and countess herself, she had little prejudice and tended to represent the bourgeois-romantic rather than the noble-courtly salon tradition, although her house attracted many aristocrats and princes. Her salon closed its doors in the early 1890s.

Famous habitués

Countess Oriola organized charity concerts with the music-loving Field Marshal Moltke . Painting by Franz von Lenbach

Long friends with Maxe Oriola: Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst . Painting by Lenbach , 1896

Heinrich Abeken Ludwig Aegidi Robert of Benda Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg Lujo Brentano Marie von Bunsen Philipp zu Eulenburg Rudolf von Gneist Colmar von der Goltz Herman Grimm Ferdinand Count Harrach Hermann von Helmholtz

Anna von Helmholtz Bolko from Hochberg Clovis of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst Joseph Joachim Wolfgang Kapp Robert von Keudell Richard Lepsius Edwin von Manteuffel Georg von der Marwitz Mehmed Ali Pasha Paul Meyerheim Ottmar von Mohl

Helmuth Count von Moltke Eduard von Peucker Hermann von Schelling Wilhelm Scherer Ossip Schubin Clara Schumann Hildegard von Spitzemberg Richard Voss William Henry Waddington Anton von Werner Ernst von Wildenbruch

Web links

• Half-length portrait of Caroline Bardua in the Frankfurt Goethe Museum

literature

swell

• Bettine von Arnim: Works and Letters. 4 vols. Frankfurt am Main 1986-2004.
• Johannes Werner (ed.): Maxe von Arnim, Bettina's daughter, Countess Oriola, 1818-1894. A picture of life and time drawn from old sources. Leipzig 1937.
• Olga Majeau: Een schitterend Isolement. A family divorce is . Em. Querido uitgeverij, Amsterdam 2015, ISBN 978-90-214-5780-2 .
  • Crumbs for the blue bird. Bettina von Arnim and her descendants. A European family story. Translated by Thomas Hauth. Btb Verlag, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-442-75675-9 .

Secondary literature

• Petra Wilhelmy: The Berlin Salon in the 19th Century. Berlin u. a. 1989.
• Alfred Etzold, Wolfgang Türk: The Dorotheenstädtische Friedhof. The cemeteries on Chausseestrasse. Berlin 1993.
• Wolfgang Gottschalk: The cemeteries of the St. Hedwigs community in Berlin. Berlin (Nishen) 1991.

Individual references, comments

1. ↑ The "Invalidendank" handled the inclusion of advertising entries in many Baedeker regional editions for the German Reich for the first time after the First World War .