Miss Piggy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Miss Piggy is a main character from the Muppet show , who starred in all episodes and in all spin-off films. Miss Piggy is an anthropomorphic pig and is represented with a hand puppet . Most of the time she is portrayed as aggressive, assertive and emphatically feminine- divine . Miss Piggy had her first television appearance in 1974, since then she has taken on a life of her own as a supposed author and presenter.

Miss Piggy's development and character were largely shaped by Muppet founder and producer Jim Henson , screenwriter Jerry Juhl and Miss Piggy's puppeteer Frank Oz . Originally a minor character in the Muppet universe, Miss Piggy became a main character in the second season of the show and became the Muppet character with the greatest public awareness towards the end of the show. The character took a decisive change after the death of Jim Henson and the takeover of the Henson rights by the Walt Disney group. After Miss Piggy had previously been an assertive starlet with an insatiable urge for great fame, Disney now also created roles for her in which she was already successful and established as a star.

Fictional CV

The character appears in typical American entertainment roles such as actress, presenter, singer and model and appears in the muppet show. She is the only female character who has an ongoing leading role. Miss Piggy is in no relationship but loves passionately. In doing so, she pounces on different men. However, the main goal of their passionate love is Kermit the frog.

According to the origin story that Oz and Henson developed for Miss Piggy after several years of success, she was born one of many piglets on a farm in the American Midwest. Her creators invented further details of her résumé for an appearance on Larry King Live in 1993, where she gave a double interview with Kermit. While her father was notoriously chasing other sows, her mother could not think clearly because of all the piglet care. Miss Piggy swore she would never live such a life. The first few years were tough as the good jobs all went to people. Miss Piggy started her life away from home as a glove saleswoman in a department store. Miss Piggy ran as a sandwich pig advertisement for a barbecue restaurant. She had her breakthrough as a leading actress in a commercial for ham; one of the few points in her life that she is embarrassed about.

A role in the Muppet Show got her winning a beauty pageant. Within the Muppet show, she quickly rose from supporting roles to a leading actress. The films after the Muppet Show also portray her life after the Muppet Show. For example, in the 2012 film The Muppets , Miss Piggy is editor-in-chief of Vogue in France. In particular, the marketing of the Disney group expanded Miss Piggy's appearances. She became an ambassador of goodwill for New York City, appeared at numerous gala events and award ceremonies in Hollywood, or received multi-page photo series in real fashion magazines.

The extent to which Miss Piggy should represent a doll or a living person has not been clarified even with the muppet producers. They introduce them as living characters, publish books under their names or give interviews. On other occasions, they clearly describe her as a doll. Throughout the entire reception of Miss Piggy, there is a constant change about whether it should be a "person" who is treated as such, or whether it should just be a played doll. As early as 1977, Miss Piggy's puppeteer Frank Oz gave interviews in which he answered questions about Miss Piggy partly in Miss Piggy's voice for her, partly spoke about her in his own voice, and stated that these interviews were leading him into an identity crisis.

Dolls and costumes

Doll and style of play

A piece of latex foam

Miss Piggy's doll was initially made out of foam, which was carved out of foam blocks. Towards the end of the Muppet show, it was cast from liquid latex foam . One doll lasted about half a year, so by the end of the Muppet Show, eleven dolls were used up. Her eyes were made of felt and plastic to which real false eyelashes were attached. The dolls were initially more stable than in later times. The first Miss Piggy doll survived the entire first season of the Muppet show and her head was still there in 2012.

The puppet itself is played in the muppet show by a player with a hand and a stick. The player's right hand is in the head of the doll and moves the mouth and head. When making TV recordings, the player usually holds the doll over his head, the camera and props are attached at a corresponding height. The left hand operates sticks attached to the doll's hands. Numerous other Miss Piggy dolls or even Miss Piggy costumes for people are used in the films and later appearances at events, photo shoots, etc.

The doll itself was mainly the responsibility of Caroly Wilcox , who took care of the preservation of the doll as well as regular adjustments and redesign.

Clothing and equipment

Long evening gloves. A typical Miss Piggy accessory

Miss Piggy has long, curly blonde hair and big blue eyes. The details of the length of the hair, the size of the eyes, the size of the snout, etc. change over time, as the producers of the muppets kept having the doll slightly changed. A running gag of the Muppets is Miss Piggy's voluptuous figure and her self-confident and aggressive handling of it. Miss Piggy uses all the stereotypes of a "diva" in her appearance and is emphatically feminine. Their clothes usually consist of skirts and blouses or dresses in pink or purple. She also wears feather boas , sleeve-length gloves and extraordinary eye-catching hats, often with plenty of accessories. Miss Piggy likes to wear eye-catching rings over her gloves and has often put on eye-catching jewelry. Except for the first few episodes of the Muppet Show, she is always heavily and strikingly made up.

Calista Hendrickson was the chief designer who was in charge of decorating Miss Piggy for the longest time on the Muppet Show. Hendrickson said of Piggy's style he was chosen like Piggy thought she was 30 pounds lighter than she actually is. Hendrickson described Miss Piggy's self-image: “When she looks in the mirror, she sees Twiggy . And she is ready to convince everyone else of this picture. "

The picture changed especially for the film “The Muppets” from 2012. Miss Piggy is portrayed here as the editor-in-chief of Vogue. Her outfit in the film and for the promotion comes from numerous renowned designers such as Zac Posen , Christian Louboutin , Jason Wu , Prabal Gurung and Brian Atwood - they did not design the outfits for a comical effect or exaggeration, but rather followed the same principles as they did for a human woman.

actor

Miss Piggy was played and spoken by the puppeteer Frank Oz . In the films Muppet Treasure Island and Muppets from Space , Oz only does the voice acting for Miss Piggy. The puppeteers were Kevin Clash (Treasure Island) and Peter Linz (Muppets from Space). After Frank Oz retired from puppetry, Miss Piggy has been played and spoken by Eric Jacobson since 2001 .

The Muppet Babies' Miss Piggy is the only Miss Piggy that is spoken by a woman in the original. Your voice comes from Laurie O'Brien .

Fran Bril, who spoke Miss Piggy on the first episode of the Muppet Show, and Richard Hunt, who appeared a few times as Miss Piggy in the first season, had one-off appearances as speakers. Hal Rayle voiced Miss Piggy in Jim Henson's Little Muppet Monsters , a short-lived spin-off from Muppet Babies that flopped on ABC in 1985.

In the German dubbing, Miss Piggy was voiced by Marianne Wischmann from the start . That only changed with the movie The Muppets Christmas Story in 1993 , when more emphasis was placed on the similarity to the original voice. Since then, Miss Piggy has been spoken by Berno von Cramm and since 2011 by Christian Gaul .

Origin and first appearances

The first doll that looks like Miss Piggy was designed by Michael Frith and Don Sahlin and built by Bonnie Erickson . The doll was blond with button eyes and had no name yet. The doll was created for a sketch in the Muppet Show pilot episode The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence for ABC. For the sketch Return to the Planet of the Pigs - a reference to the film Return to the Planet of the Apes , three pig characters were required. Erickson built two male pigs (one of which would later become Dr. Strangepork ) and a female pig doll - who would later become Miss Piggy. The doll was created in 1973. However, the episode was not broadcast on television until 1975. It was spoken in the sketch by Fran Brill .

Piggy's original name was Miss Piggy Lee in allusion and in homage to the singer Peggy Lee , who vaguely looks like Miss Piggy and also embodies the type of strong, independent woman. When Miss Piggy became better known with all of her satirical exaggerations, the Muppets makers did not want to accidentally turn Peggy Lee into a joke and shortened Miss Piggy's name to the familiar form.

Since the airing of the pilot episode The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence was delayed by a year and a half, Miss Piggy made her first appearance on television on another show: in 1974 she was seen in a Herb-Alpert-and-the-Tijuana Brass special . Miss Piggy, voiced and sung by Jerry Nelson , embodies a young singer who is introduced by her manager - Hoggie Marsh , who is pretty much the cliché of an artist agent . Miss Piggy - who is now getting her name for the first time - already shows character traits that would later become typical for her. This includes a strong urge to be in the spotlight or intense affection for a man. For this performance Miss Piggy got some new accessories, which should develop into her trademarks: a magnificent dress, a pearl necklace and long gloves. Their equipment was as much a necessity as it was will. The evening gown, lavender satin in this case , was part of the role played by the doll. Her original arms were equipped with hooves at the end, which she shouldn't have for this performance. Since the time was too short to design new arms with real hands, Erickson provided a stump with long gloves. The pearl necklace was originally created to cover a seam on the neck.

In all of these first appearances, the Miss Piggy doll is still equipped with small button eyes, which are much more reminiscent of real pig eyes than the large human eyes with long eyelashes that the doll gets later.

On the Muppet Show

Miss Piggy appears in numerous places within the Muppet Show. Again and again she has duos with the star guests of the show, or plays in individual skits. However, she also has two fixed roles: as a sister in “In der Tierklinik” and as first mate in “Pigs in Space”. In the pilots and the first season, Miss Piggy only has occasional appearances as a supporting character, while Frank Oz's main character is Fozzie Bear. It wasn't until the middle of the second season that the scriptwriters began to focus more on Miss Piggy. In the show's final years, she is a central figure with extraordinary public awareness.

First season

Her first appearance in the regular episodes of the Muppet Show, where she already showed many of the typical Miss Piggy qualities, took place in the first episode of the first season. In the Sketch Glee Club , Kermit tries to conduct a glee club made up of Muppets. The choir sings the song Temptation and Miss Piggy is allowed to sing the solo. She struts forward from the back row, meanwhile takes up almost the entire field of the camera and sings to Kermit ("my love") very directly - so much that Kermit has to step back several times so that his mouth doesn't disappear into hers.

In the first season of the Muppet Show, Miss Piggy had already shed her button eyes and got human-like eyes. She now had long blond hair. Her strong affection for Kermit is also already emerging. Still, she only played a minor role in the first season and her outfit was nowhere near as glamorous as it was in later years. Her hair is not curled, she only wears a little make-up and her snout is clearly reminiscent of a pig. The Vulture -Blog the magazine New York describes her look as it is so strange to see her before she was a superstar - before the first eye surgery, the first Schnauzoplastik , coloring of the hair and the anti-split ends treatment: it is a simple pig from the country in an evening dress.

In this first season it is also spoken alternately by Frank Oz and Richard Hunt . Hunt's Miss Piggy voice is much deeper, drier and more evenly spoken than Oz's. Hunt, however, also played Miss Piggy much more conventionally and only played the supporting role with her that was intended for her.

At first, Miss Piggy made a few appearances on the Muppet Show, but in the words of Frank Oz, she was just one pig out of half a dozen pigs. The first time she was more noticeable when she pounced on Kermit. That got her laughing and from then on Oz and the scriptwriters began to come up with ideas for her and to shape her own character out of Miss Piggy. The relationship between Piggy and Kermit began to play a bigger role, with Frank Oz developing typical Miss Piggy behaviors such as brushing back her hair.

Second season and hand edge strike

In the second season, Miss Piggy had already gained a lot of approval from the fans and notoriety, so that she was granted a larger role on the show. The New York Muppet Workshop under Caroly Wilcox developed new piggy heads - on the one hand to implement the changed image, but also to make them easier to play. The doll has been extensively redesigned - among other things, it got bigger eyes, a less noticeable snout and lighter and better-fitting hair. Her repertoire of clothes also became increasingly larger and more extraordinary. Playing Miss Piggy went solely to Frank Oz.

But the moment that finally made Miss Piggy her own character took place in a dialogue with Kermit. According to the script, she should slap him at the end of an argument. However, Oz improvised a punch with the edge of his hand, which was accompanied by a pithy "Yi-Ha!" This created a trademark and Miss Piggy was born as an extremely assertive and committed character. For Oz, this was a moment that summed up all of the inner conflicts and nature of Miss Piggy. Both Frank Oz and Bonnie Erickson believe that this was the moment that Miss Piggy broke from minor to main character on the Muppet Show.

Rudolf Nureyev in the Muppet Show

Rudolf Nureyew (1973)

The Muppet Show had a human star guest from the start. In the beginning, however, it was mainly friends and acquaintances of the Muppet producers. The breakthrough came through Rudolf Nureyev's guest appearance on the show, who was a well-known US star at the time. After Nureyev's successful appearance, numerous other stars applied. Nureyev himself came mainly for Miss Piggy.

In the show with Nureyev there are two scenes in which Nureyev appears together with a female pig. In one scene it is certainly Miss Piggy, in the other it is unclear. Miss Piggy is sure to appear in a sauna scene towards the end of the episode: Then Miss Piggy and Nureyev sing a duet (" Baby, It's Cold Outside "), in which they are in the sauna and Nureyev can hardly resist Piggy's affections . Finally he escapes from the sauna and leaves Miss Piggy with her prey - his towel.

It's not clear whether Miss Piggy is meant is Nureyev's first appearance with a pig on the show. There he dances a ballet performance with a pig - or with a male British ballet dancer in a pig costume. Nureyev's partner shows some of Miss Piggy's behavior but is not referred to as Miss Piggy in any part of the show. Visually, the costume looks more like a generic pig doll than the then current Miss Piggy. Nevertheless, even years later, Nureyev, for example, still assumed that she had danced with Miss Piggy and described Miss Piggy to a journalist as his favorite dance partner of all time.

Later years of the Muppet Show: Miss Piggy as a separate character

In the later 1970s, Henson began promoting the Muppet characters as characters in their own right, giving them their own personality outside of the Muppet Show. For example, Kermit appeared as an independent character in interviews, while his spokesman Henson stayed in the background. Miss Piggy was especially at the center of these efforts. She appeared on magazine covers and had full "Miss Piggy" interviews that didn't even mention Henson or Oz.

Films before Disney

Esther Williams was a role model for Miss Piggy in the movie The Big Muppet Break

At the end of the Muppet show, Frank Oz described her character as complex: as a woman and a pig, she had experienced many injuries and rejections in her life. That's why she built numerous defenses. But under the glamor and attitude , she is very serious and courageous.

In the film Die Große Muppet-Sause , Miss Piggy is portrayed as a wannabe model who works for a designer. There Jim Henson created the most spectacular trick scene around Miss Piggy. What began as a note "Miss Piggy / Esther Williams " on Henson's notepad became a longer scene in which Miss Piggy Esther Williams performs a water ballet / synchronized swimming . The doll swims as well as it dives. The Miss Piggy for this scene was custom-made from water- resistant foam rubber , with a specially made surface coating that held the color best. Since the material was brittle and not very elastic and tore easily as soon as Oz moved his face, Henson had 40 Miss Piggy heads and seven Miss Piggy bodies made for the scene, which he exchanged as soon as they tore. While some shots in the scene were played by an immobile doll, or once a real swimmer appeared in a costume, most of the shots were played by Franz Oz, who was underwater.

The Muppets Take Manhattan is the only known appearance by Miss Piggy with a mini-pi . In the movie Muppets from Outer Space , Miss Piggy is portrayed as a successful news anchor.

The Disney era

Miss Piggy was portrayed as a complex character until the 1990s. She is portrayed as a woman who struggles through beauty contests and moderate show gigs and is only driven forward by her strong will and her unconditional assertiveness. Miss Piggy is always accustomed to something tragic, because the self-image as a wonderful successful diva, which she carries to the outside world, is often enough in obvious contradiction to reality. In the Disney era, reality was adapted to her self-image - in the more recent films Miss Piggy is a successful star without any tragedy and without any abyss. In The Muppets , Miss Piggy was a successful editor for Vogue magazine . Disney used this for an extensive marketing campaign for the film, in which Miss Piggy flirted with various designers and took part in various red carpet events. In the film, for example, she was dressed by Chanel and the designer Zac Posen , while Christian Louboutin made her shoes. Cosmetics manufacturer MAC Cosmetics launched a special series at the start of the film, while nail polish manufacturer OPI Products launched a bright red shade Gettin 'Miss Piggy With It to mark the film .

Miss Piggy played a particularly important role in the marketing of the film. Her characterization as a fashion journalist made it possible to carry out numerous PR campaigns, which make Miss Piggy appear extremely stylish and respected by the fashion world. During the shoot, she appeared in the front row at a Michael Kors fashion show . She appeared with Marc Jacobs in one of his dresses. On the occasion of the film, InStyle magazine also published an eight-page fashion spread with Miss Piggy, in which she wore dresses by Jason Wu , Prabal Gurung , Brian Atwood , Opening Ceremony , Suno and Giles & Brother . On the occasion of the film promotion, she also appeared as a guest jury member at Project Runway: All Stars , and again dressed by Marc Jacobs with a handbag from Louis Vuitton for the sponsor star interviews on the red carpet at BAFTA 2012 .

After the film started, other designers wanted to take the chance to create a costume for the doll. At the 2012 Oscars, Zac Posen put her clothes together again, while the jewels came from Fred Leighton , the wig was designed by celebrity hairdresser Kimberly Kimble .

Frank Oz refused to play Miss Piggy in the film. The reason given was that he was not a friend of the script - the new film would not respect the character of the Muppet characters and would set them against their fictional personalities.

Books and other spin-off products

Four books were published under the alleged authorship of Miss Piggy. These were mostly humorous advisors. Including Miss Piggy's Guide for Life , which was on the New York Times bestseller list for 29 weeks . Miss Piggy's advice, "told by Henry Beard, " is about love, money, nutrition and exercise, etiquette and fashion. The book is written in a humorous way. Striking are the numerous French words and sentence components that are used again and again - supposedly to increase the elegance of the text. Miss Piggy's Guide portrays Miss Piggy as a very self-confident woman who advises her readers to be self-confident and assertive. For example, a well-known piece of advice from the book is "Never eat more than you can lift."

The 1996 book In the Kitchen with Miss Piggy was a parody of a recently published cookbook by Oprah Winfrey . The books supposedly written by Miss Piggy are:

  • Miss Piggy's Guide to Life (1981)
  • Miss Piggy's Treasury of Art Masterpieces (1984)
  • In the Kitchen with Miss Piggy (1996)
  • Miss Piggy's Rules (1997)
  • The Diva Code

In addition, five calendars were published that were solely dedicated to Miss Piggy:

  • The Miss Piggy Calendar 1980.
  • The Miss Piggy Cover Girl Fantasy Calendar (1981)
  • The Miss Piggy Calendar 1982.
  • Miss Piggy's Calendar of Calendars (1983)
  • Miss Piggy's Art Masterpiece Calendar (1984)

There were also numerous calendars of the Muppets as a group, which of course also included Miss Piggy.

As early as the late 1970s, various Miss Piggy merchandise items appeared: including soap, dolls and various calendars. At the height of the aerobics movement, Henson released the Aerobique video of Miss Piggy. The song Snackercise , which praises the food, was also released as a single.

In 1998 a “Miss Piggy designed” perfume called “Moi” was released.

Life

The gender researchers Fischer / Cox describe Miss Piggy's character as “female, but still dominating and determining.” Miss Piggy's character has changed little over the period of the Muppet Show until 1992. Formative behaviors such as the love for Kermit, the dominant dominance, the tendency to emotional outbursts or the tendency to physical violence are present from the beginning and have changed little in the decades of the existence of the Muppet Show. Miss Piggy is always active, decisive and assertive. However, Kermit always remains the character who has the ultimate authority in the series and in the films. A role that is never doubted.

Her character has traits that are considered very feminine as well as those that are considered very masculine: while she takes on a stereotypical female role in outfit, cosmetics and her role on the show, her behavior is - independence, aggressiveness and one very physical form of arguments - typically male connotations. To get her way, she regularly uses insults, screams, or even to push or hit her opponents. She is quite assertive: when Miss Piggy is alone in a park in the film The Muppets Take Manhattan and is attacked by robbers, she borrows roller skates and hunts the thief after an epic chase.

Miss Piggy is in love with Kermit the frog and often and vehemently emphasizes this feeling. Miss Piggy tends to express her feelings directly. For example, in the film The Muppets Take Manhattan , she throws Kermit across a room because he insulted her.

One of their trademarks is the edge of their hand hitting other characters, which is accompanied by a loud scream.

A major change in Miss Piggy's character only occurs in the film Muppets from Space . This film also differs from the previous history of the show and other films. The story and the complicated social fabric of the Muppets hardly appear in this film. For Miss Piggy this means, for example, that her complicated and highly emotional love for Kermit no longer appears in the film and that both are simply friends.

In August 2015, the dissolution of the longstanding relationship between Kermit and Miss Piggy became public. "After careful thought, deliberation, and considerable squabbling, we have made the difficult decision to end our romantic relationship." Professionally, they will still work together, but privately they will go their separate ways, the two Muppets said. This separation after more than forty years triggered a broad and international response in the media and on social platforms.

reception

popularity

Miss Piggy experienced a reception as an independent character very early on. Already in 1977 she was alone on the cover of the youth magazine Dynamite . 1979 followed an appearance together with Jim Henson and Kermit on the cover of the New York Times Magazine , whereby she dominates the picture. After the first Muppet film, the organization CAMPO ( Committee to Award Miss Piggy the Oscar - committee to give Miss Piggy the Oscar ) was founded, which mobilized 20,000 people to write fan letters so that Miss Piggy received the Oscar for best actress in 1979.

Miss Piggy probably reached the zenith of her star being around 1980. Her book Miss Piggy's Guide to Life was on the New York Times bestseller list for 29 weeks. The People magazine, on which she also appeared on the cover, she described 1979 as a "summit of Schweinhaftigkeit, the perfect pork, new international sex goddess". In 1980, Time called for Miss Piggy for President on the cover in the midst of the American presidential campaign . That same year, she appeared for the first time at the presentation of the Oscars on. In the style of the 1980s, with sunglasses in heart shape and in a pink plastic armchair in the middle of a swimming pool, Miss Piggy appears on the cover of the TV Guide in 1981 under the heading "My Life at Le Top".

In 2005 she was featured in a series with other Muppets on both the US Postal Service and the Belgian Post stamps . In the mid-2000s, when there was no Muppet TV series and no film appeared for several years, Miss Piggy kept appearing in the spotlight. Mostly as a "guest" at fashion shows or in fashion magazines.

Miss Piggy's gender identity

Miss Piggy was always played and spoken by a man who described herself as a "truck driver in the body of a diva". Many of their behaviors such as an unconditional will to assert themselves or physical aggressiveness have male connotations. Nevertheless, she also repeatedly shows emphatically feminine behaviors and behavior. She is extremely feminine, especially in terms of her appearance and self-image. Many authors in feature pages and science have therefore already dealt with the gender identity of Miss Piggy, with their interpretations ranging from drag joke to female role models. In Gender Studies in particular , the entire discussion of the Muppets and the work of Jim Henson focuses almost exclusively on Miss Piggy.

Sociologist Chandra Mukerji described Miss Piggy as some kind of ineffable creature who pretends to be a pig who pretends to be a woman. The author Emma Straub, for example, today has the feeling that Miss Piggy was actually meant as a joke. In her youth, however, she saw her as a “lighthouse in the darkness of growing up”, which she would still like to meet for tea today. “We all need mentors, and mine was a muppet.” Looking back over the years, she says that in her youthful uncertainty she was drawn to the fact that Miss Piggy never apologized - neither for how she looked nor that she was overweight , nor that she loved a skinny frog.

Miss Piggy is covered in Gender Studies. While on the one hand she always remains feminine and feminine and emphasizes this, she was one of the first female characters in the American entertainment industry to be strong, aggressive and assertive.

Miss Piggy is presented by the gender researcher Kathleen Rowe (alongside Roseanne Barr and Murphy Brown ) as one of the examples of a prominent "Unruly Woman" who transcends the traditional boundaries of femininity and is aggressive , limit-breaking and independent behavior in classic male behavior patterns - and thus dissolve the traditional boundaries between male and female. But she also emphasizes that Miss Piggy undermines her own femininity again and again - be it because her voice is that of a man in falsetto, or because she is bigger than her main partner Kermit in every way.

The gay journalist Max Mosher, however, writes that Miss Piggy made him gay. As a child, he always viewed Miss Piggy as the star she claimed to be. From her he learned that glamor and femininity are social constructs - they are costumes that you can wear if you have enough attitude. She showed him that you can appear feminine and still be strong and assertive. At the same time, however, he believes that Miss Piggy, with her emphatic femininity, barely concealed aggressiveness and her hopeless love for a man of a different kind, is a symbol of the gay past - while Ernie and Bert, for example, and in their long-term household, symbolize an aspired model of the gay future.

Awards

In 2015 Miss Piggy received the Sackler Center First Award . This women's rights award is given to women who have broken down gender barriers and made significant contributions to their industry. The award ceremony took place on June 4, 2015 at the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art in the Brooklyn Museum . Miss Piggy personally received the award.

literature

  • Rayna Denison: The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence: Investigating the Complexity of the Television Body . In: Intensities Journal. 4 (2007).
  • Maryanne Fischer, Anthony Cox: The Uniquely Strong but Feminie Miss Piggy. In: Jennifer C. Garlen, Anissa M. Graham (eds.): Kermit Culture - Critical Perspectives on Jim Henson's Muppets McFarland, Jefferson, NC et al. 2009, ISBN 978-0-7864-4259-1 , pp. 181-201.
  • Chandra Mukerji: Monsters and Muppets: The History of Childhood and Techniques of Cultural Analysis. In: Elizabeth Long (Ed.): From Sociology to Cultural Studies; New Perspectives. Blackwell, Oxford 1997, ISBN 1-57718-012-7 , pp. 155-184.
  • Kathleen Rowe: Pig Ladies, Big Ladies and Ladies with Big Mouths: Feminism and the Carnivalesque. In: The Unruly Woman: Gender and the Genres of Laughter. University of Texas Press, Austin 1995, ISBN 0-292-79072-4 , pp. 28-49.

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c d e Emma Straub: Miss Piggy, Literary Icon , December 13, 2011.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Brad Darrach: A Hot Pig Tale , People Magazine, September 3, 1979.
  3. ^ Rayna Denison: The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence: Investigating the Complexity of the Television Body in: Intensities Journal, 4th (2007), section 6
  4. ^ Rayna Denison: The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence: Investigating the Complexity of the Television Body in: Intensities Journal, 4th (2007), section 16
  5. ↑ a b c d e Ryan Roe: An Interview with Bonnie Erickson , Tough Pigs January 5, 2012.
  6. ↑ Victoria Grace Weisel, Leslee Asch and others: Muppets, Monster & Magic. The world of Jim Henson (OT: The Art of the Muppets). Deutsches Filmmuseum, Frankfurt am Main and New York 1987, ISBN 3-88799-021-8 , p. 13.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Fischer / Cox
  8. ↑ Victoria Grace Weisel, Leslee Asch and others: Muppets, Monster & Magic. The world of Jim Henson (OT: The Art of the Muppets). Deutsches Filmmuseum, Frankfurt am Main and New York 1987, ISBN 3-88799-021-8 , p. 7.
  9. ^ A b c Amy Odell: Why Miss Piggy Is So Great for Fashion , New York Magazine October 18, 2011.
  10. ↑ a b Behind the Voice Actors: Miss Piggy
  11. ↑ a b Christopher Finch: Jim Henson. The Works - the Art, the Magic, the Imagination. New York 1993, ISBN 0-679-41203-4 , p. 85.
  12. ↑ Anika Gupta: The Woman Behind Miss Piggy ( September 27, 2009 memento ) , Smithsonian Magazine October 2008.
  13. ↑ a b c d Christopher Finch: Jim Henson. The Works - the Art, the Magic, the Imagination. New York 1993, ISBN 0-679-41203-4 , p. 101.
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l The Fug Girls: The Fug Girls Analyze Miss Piggy's Style Evolution , Vulture November 21, 2011.
  15. ^ A b Rayna Denison: The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence: Investigating the Complexity of the Television Body in: Intensities Journal, 4th (2007), section 11
  16. ↑ Terry Gross: The Man Behind Miss Piggy , National Public Radio, broadcast manuscript, November 6, 2009.
  17. ↑ Katja Luethge: Muppet Show in the Cinema: Sex, Plush and LSD in the Muppet Show ( Memento from March 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) , Frankfurter Rundschau January 18, 2012.
  18. ↑ Christopher Finch: Jim Henson. The Works - the Art, the Magic, the Imagination. New York 1993, ISBN 0-679-41203-4 , p. 90.
  19. ^ Richard Canning, The Dancer and the Dance , Gay and Lesbian Review May 1, 2008.
  20. ^ Rayna Denison: The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence: Investigating the Complexity of the Television Body . In: Intensities Journal. 4. (2007), Section 17.
  21. ↑ Brian Jay Jones: Jim Henson. The biography. Random House, 2013, ISBN 978-0-7535-5008-3 .
  22. ↑ Amy Lawrenson: Miss Piggy: Style Icon ( Memento March 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) , elleuk.com October 13, 2011.
  23. ↑ a b Roya Nikkhah: Oscars 2012: Miss Piggy set to steal the show in Oscars fashion parade , The Telegraph February 26, 2012.
  24. ↑ Jen Chaney: Miss Piggy snuggles up to Jon Hamm, Michael Fassbender and more on the BAFTA red carpet , Celebritology February 13, 2012.
  25. ↑ Sharon Lough: The Muppets creator Frank Oz is packing his puppets away , Metro UK, September 19, 2011.
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  29. ^ Rayna Denison: The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence: Investigating the Complexity of the Television Body in: Intensities Journal, 4th (2007), Section 8
  30. ^ A b Rayna Denison: The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence: Investigating the Complexity of the Television Body in: Intensities Journal, 4th (2007), section 10
  31. ↑ Max Mosher: Miss Piggy Turned Me Gay . 5th November 2013.
  32. ^ Sackler Center First Awards. Honoring extraordinary women who are first in their fields. 2015. Accessed March 25, 2018 .
  33. ↑ Frida Thurm: A grunt-satisfied feminist . Zeit Magazine, June 4, 2015
  34. ↑ brooklynmuseum.org: Miss Piggy to Receive Her First Award at the 2015 Sackler Center First Awards at the Brooklyn Museum on June 4 (PDF), accessed May 3, 2015; In a first reaction Miss Piggy replied: "Moi is thrilled - but frankly, not surprised to be receiving this Sackler Center First Award. It is truly wonderful to be celebrated and share this honor with fellow legends, role models, and pioneers of female fabulosity. We rock! "
  35. ^ Sau feminism (new Germany). Retrieved June 5, 2015 .