Moissei Jakowlewitsch Ginsburg

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Moisei Jakowlewitsch Ginsburg

Moissei Jakowlewitsch Ginsburg , Belarusian Майсей Якаўлевіч Гінзбург , Russian Моисей Яковлевич Гинзбург (born May 23 . Jul / 4. June  1892 greg. In Minsk , Russian Empire ; † 7. January 1946 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) was a Russian constructivist architect , urban planner and university professors . As Vice-President of the OSA (Association of Contemporary Architects), co-editor of the magazine SA (Contemporary Architecture) and through his communal houses (especially the Narkomfin Commune House) he is one of the most important architects of the Russian avant-garde and constructivism .

Life

Ginsburg, son of a Jewish builder , graduated from business school. As a schoolboy he took drawing lessons and wrote his own illustrated short stories, which were published in the school newspaper. He then studied abroad at the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris , at the School of Architecture in Toulouse and finally at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan , where he was a student of Gaetano Moretti. During this time his doubts about historicism and its academic canons of forms grew. In Milan he came into contact with the work of Frank Lloyd Wright , which had a strong influence on him. When the First World War broke out in 1914, he returned to Russia. Due to the low technical training in Milan, he continued his training in the architecture department of the Riga Polytechnic (which was in Moscow at the time) and received his civil engineering diploma in 1917 .

After the October Revolution, Ginsburg moved to the Crimea and lived there during the civil war . His first assignment was to build a villa in Yevpatoria . The building shows strong influences from Wright, Art Nouveau and classical elements. During this period he studied extensively the traditional anonymous architecture of the Crimea. Ginsburg headed the local department for the preservation of art and architectural monuments. This work resulted in his scientific work " Tatar Art in the Crimea" (published 1921–24). He later described the period from 1917 to 1920/21 as an internal struggle against traditions and canons.

In 1921 he went to Moscow and taught at the Moscow Technical University (MWTU) and at the WChUTEMAS . In 1923 he built the Crimean pavilion for the agricultural exhibition in Moscow. Although the work still uses traditional forms in details, it strongly emphasizes the construction elements and access routes. In the same year he published the essay Der Rhythmus in der Architektur and in 1924 the book Style and Epoch . In it he described the future path of the development of contemporary architecture in connection with technical progress and social changes. In doing so, he made an essential contribution to the theoretical foundation of constructivism . In addition to his theoretical work, he designed various buildings in Moscow, Makhachkala and Alma-Ata . During this time he made a trip to Bukhara to study the architecture there. In 1925 he traveled to Turkey to research Byzantine and Islamic architecture .

Narkomfin Residential Building (1930s)

In 1925, Ginsburg and others founded the OSA , which united the leading constructivists. Together with Alexander Wesnin , he published the magazine Gegenwartsarchitektur with six issues per year. Ginsburg was now mainly concerned with the problems of living. He built a residential building together with W. Vladimirov (1926-1927) and then with Ignati Milinis and the engineer SL Prokhorov the Narkomfin housing complex of the People's Commissariat for Finance (1928-1932), which was to mark the transition to the community house and an excellent example of the Constructivism was, but now faces ruin. Ginsburg initiated the founding of the section for type buildings in the government's construction committee (Strojkom) and worked there with his colleagues on projects for new types of residential cells that were used in six residential complexes with supply in Moscow, Sverdlovsk and Saratov .

Ginsburg was 1929-30 head of the section for the socialist development according to the state plan of the RSFSR and participated in the planning of the Green City , a large residential district on the outskirts of Moscow. In the early 1930s he headed a planning group for a district planning project on the south coast of Crimea. The Sergo Ordzhonikidze sanatorium of the People's Commissariat for Transport in Kislovodsk (1935–1937) was realized from this . His book Wohnen was published in 1934 and his book Industrialization of Housing was published in 1937 . Since 1934 he published the history of architecture . From 1928 to 1932 he was the Russian delegate of the CIAM .

During the German-Soviet War , Ginsburg headed the department for typification and industrialization of building at the Architecture Academy. In 1943 he designed and built the housing estate for the miners of the Moscow lignite basin . One of his last projects was the reconstruction of Sevastopol , but it was never realized. Two rest homes in Kislovodsk and Yalta- Oreanda were completed after his death.

Ginsburg's grave is in Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery . In 2016 a street in Moscow was named after him.

reception

The Narkomfin Commune House inspired Le Corbusier for his design of the Unité d'Habitation and Mosche Safdie for his design of Habitat 67 . Constructivism received little attention in Stalinism, and Ginsburg himself designed buildings in the style of socialist classicism at this time .

The Narkomfin-Kommunehaus has meanwhile suffered severe damage from vandalism and old age. Modifications and destruction of the original substance continue to this day. Former Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov said at the opening of the Novinsky shopping arcade: “What a pleasure that such wonderful shopping centers are being built in our city, not such rubbish” while pointing to the Narkomfin Commune House.

Worlds Monument Fund has repeatedly put the Narkomfin Commune House on the list of structures at risk. In the opinion of ICOMOS, the Narkomfin-Kommunehaus and other Constructivist buildings should be put on the list of world cultural heritage , for which an application from Russia would have to be submitted. In 2017, the renovation and reconstruction of the building began under the direction of Moisei Ginsburg's grandson Alexsey Ginsburg. The work should be completed in 2019.

Buildings (selection)

Projects

  • 1922–23 design for the Work Palace (Moscow)
  • 1926-27 design for a factory building "Orgametall"
  • 1931 design for the Palace of the Soviets

Realized

City / place coordinate other architects Construction year Surname image status
Moscow 1923 Crimea Pavilion at the First Agriculture and Crafts Exhibition Link to the picture tore off
Moscow 55 ° 45 ′ 45.5 "  N , 37 ° 35 ′ 41.7"  E 1926 Gosstrach residential building
receive
Yekaterinburg (formerly: Sverdlovsk) 56 ° 50 '0.8 "  N , 60 ° 35' 29.6"  O Alexander Pasternak 1930-33 Uraloblsovet Commune House
received, increased
Almaty 43 ° 15 '37.3 "  N , 76 ° 57' 26.4"  E Ignati Milinis 1928-31 House of the Alma-Ata Government
Photo-request.svg
Image wanted BW
preserved, partially rebuilt
Moscow 55 ° 49 '45 "  N , 37 ° 39" 3.8 "  E Solomon Lisagor 1925-26 Workers' club and dormitory for the workers in the cotton factory
two buildings preserved, one demolished
Moscow 55 ° 45 ′ 25.6 "  N , 37 ° 34 ′ 51.8"  E Ignati Milinis 1928-30 Narkomfin Commune House
receive
Kislovodsk 43 ° 54 '3 "  N , 42 ° 44' 23"  E as head of a group of architects 1935-37 Narkomtiaschprom sanatorium (today: Ordsonikidze sanatorium) Санаторий им. Орджоникидзе. г. Кисловодск.JPG receive

Publications

Associate Editor

  • Sovremennaja architektura [Современная архитектура] (contemporary architecture). OSA, Moscow 1926-1930.

Books

  • Ritm w architekture [ Ритм в архитектуре ] (rhythm in architecture) . Mospoligraf, Moscow 1923 (Russian, actually 1922).
  • Style i epocha. Problemy sovremennoj architecture [ Стиль и эпоха. Проблемы современной архитектуры ] (Style and Epoch. Problems of Soviet Architecture) , Gosizdat, Moscow 1924.
    • Style and Epoch . Translated and with an introduction by Anatole Senkevitch, Jr., foreword by Kenneth Frampton, MIT Press, Oppositions Books series, 1982. (English)
  • Type projects recommended for 1930, 1930.
  • Shilishche [ Жилище ] (The Apartment) , Gosizdat 1934.
    • Transitional type experimental house ; Space, light and color ; Construction, material and building methods . Third, fourth and fifth chapters of Žilišče . In: Johannes Cramer, Anke Zalivako (eds.) The Narkomfin-Kommunehaus in Moscow (1928–2012) . Michael Imhof Verlag, 2012.

literature

  • Selim O. Chan-Magomedow: Moisei Ginzburg. ISBN 978-5-4330-0003-2 (Russian)
  • Anatole Senkevitch, Jr. (Introduction): Style and Epoch. The MIT Press, Cambridge, London 1982, ISBN 0-262-07088-X , monoskop.org (PDF; 17.3 MB) (Ginsburg's own book with an introduction and a longer essay on Ginsburg has been reissued.)
  • Johannes Cramer, Anke Zalivako (ed.): Das Narkomfin-Kommunehaus (1928–2012). (Berlin Contributions to Building Research and Monument Preservation, Vol. 11). Michael Imhof Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86568-866-8 .

Web links

Commons : Moisei Jakowlewitsch Ginsburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article Ginsburg Moisei Jakowlewitsch in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DGinsburg%20Moisei%20Jakowlewitsch~2b%3DGinsburg%20Moisei%20Jakowlewitsch
  2. ↑ С. О. Хан-Магомедов: Моисей Гинзбург . Архитектура-С, Moscow 2007.
  3. ↑ Гинзбург Моисей Яковлевич ( Memento of the original from October 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed October 25, 2016). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sovarch.ru
  4. ↑ a b c S.O. Chan-Magamedow: Moisei Ginzburg .
  5. ↑ Anatole Senkevitch, Jr. (Introduction): Style and Epoch . The MIT Press, Cambridge, London 1982, ISBN 0-262-07088-X .
  6. ^ Ginés Garrido: Moisei Ginzburg. Escritos 1923-1930 . El Croquis editorial, Madrid 2007, ISBN 978-84-88386-43-4 .
  7. ↑ М. Я. Гинзбург: Правительственный Дом Советов Дагестанской С. С. Р. в городе Махач-Кала. Проект М. Я. Гинзбурга . In: Современная архитектура . No. 5-6 , 1926, pp. 113-115 .
  8. ↑ С. О. Хан-Магомедов: Архитектура советского авангарда: Книга 1: Проблемы формообразования. Мастера и течения . Стройиздат, Moscow 1996, ISBN 5-274-02045-3 , p. 405 .
  9. ↑ The building which inspired Le Corbusier is now crumbling to pieces ( Memento of November 28, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed October 25, 2016).
  10. ↑ Санаторий им. Г. К. Орджоникидзе (accessed October 25, 2016).
  11. ↑ Graham McKay, Victor Perunkov: Architecture Misfit # 17: Moisei Ginzburg. In: misfits_architecture. Retrieved January 10, 2016 .
  12. ↑ Johannes Cramer, Anke Zalivako (ed.): The Narkomfin-Kommunehaus in Moscow (1928-2012) . Berlin contributions to building research and monument preservation 11. Michael-Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-866-8 , p. 8 .
  13. ↑ Moisei Ginzburg's constructivist masterpiece: Narkomfin during the 1930s. In: The Charnel-House. Retrieved December 7, 2015 .
  14. ^ Narkomfin Building | World Monuments Fund. In: www.wmf.org. Retrieved December 7, 2015 .
  15. ↑ a b Johannes Cramer, Anke Zalivako (ed.): The Narkomfin-Kommunehaus in Moscow (1928–2012) . Berlin contributions to building research and monument preservation 11. Michael-Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-866-8 , p. 11 .
  16. ↑ Trends of the Twenties. 15th European Art Exhibition Berlin 1977 . 3. Edition. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-496-01000-2 , p. 1/232, 1/273 .
  17. ↑ a b Graham McKay, Victor Perunkov: Architecture Misfit # 17: Moisei Ginzburg. In: misfits_architecture. Retrieved January 10, 2016 .
  18. ↑ a b Hostal obrero para fábrica de algodón - Urbipedia. In: www.urbipedia.org. Retrieved January 10, 2016 .
  19. ↑ Anke Zaliavako: The buildings of Russian Constructivism Moscow 1919-32 . Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86568-716-6 , p. 546 .
  20. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры (объекты культурного наследия) народов Российской Федерации. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 16, 2017 ; accessed on March 15, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / old.kulturnoe-nasledie.ru
  21. ↑ Tim Tower: An interview with Richard Pare, photographer and expert on Soviet Modernist architecture - World Socialist Web Site. In: www.wsws.org. Retrieved February 21, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Ginsburg, Moissei Jakowlewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Гинзбург, Моисей Яковлевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 4, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Minsk
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1946
Place of death Moscow