Mocha
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Moksha Мо́кша |
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 The confluence of the Zna (right) in the Mokscha |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 09010200112110000026769 | |
| location | Oblast Pensa , Mordovia , Ryazan , Nizhny Novgorod ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Volga | |
| Drain over | Oka → Volga → Caspian Sea | |
| source | on the Volga plate 53 ° 16 ′ 26 ″ N , 44 ° 32 ′ 39 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 240 m | |
| muzzle |
Oka coordinates: 54 ° 44 ′ 35 " N , 41 ° 52 ′ 42" E 54 ° 44 ′ 35 " N , 41 ° 52 ′ 42" E |
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| Mouth height | 79 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 161 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.25 ‰ | |
| length | 656 km | |
| Catchment area | 51,000 km² | |
| Outflow location: 72 km above the mouth |
MQ |
95 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Atmis , Wad , Zna | |
| Right tributaries | Issa , Siwin , Satis , Jermish | |
| Medium-sized cities | Kowylkino | |
| Small towns | Krasnoslobodsk , Temnikow | |
| Navigable | Lower reaches to Kadom | |
 Sanaksar monastery on the Moksha bank near Temnikow |
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 Location of the moksha (Мо́кша) in the southeastern catchment area of the Oka |
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The Mokscha ( Russian Мо́кша ; mokscha-Mordwinisch Йов / Jow ) is a 656 km long right tributary of the Oka in central Russia .
Like the river, one of the two large ethnic groups is called the Mordwinen , the Mokscha Mordwinen , who mainly live in its catchment area . They speak the same name, some regarded as a language in its own dialect of the Mordovian language , the Mokschanische .
course
The Mokscha rises at a height of about 240 m in the north-western part of the Volga plateau , about 35 kilometers west of the city of Penza . At first it flows through the hilly area of the Volga plateau in mostly north to west directions; in the lower reaches it reaches the Oka-Don plain and finally flows into the Oka a good 30 kilometers southeast of Kassimow .
The river first flows through the Penza Oblast , then the Republic of Mordovia (in sections along its border with the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ) and in the lower reaches the Ryazan Oblast . Right on the river are the towns Kovylkino , Krasnoslobodsk and temnikov , in the catchment area , the u. a. the city of Tambov .
Above the mouth, the river is about 100 meters wide and three meters deep; its flow velocity here is 0.2 m / s.
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Mokscha covers 51,000 km².
The mocha freezes between November / early December and April. Its mean monthly water flow is 72 kilometers above the estuary 95 m³ / s (minimum in winter 8.5 m³ / s, maximum during the snowmelt in April 2360 m³ / s). In the lower reaches, the flood usually lasts until May.
The most important tributaries are Issa , Siwin , Satis and Jermisch from the right, Atmis , Wad and Zna from the left , by far the most important tributary, which is also much longer than the Mokscha itself.
Attractions
Three kilometers northwest of the city of Temnikow on the left bank of the Mokascha is the Sanaksar Mother of God Birth Monastery, founded in 1659 ( Рождество-Богородичный Санаксарский монастырь ), which was one of the most important religious monastic monasteries in the 18th century of Sanaksar-Central Russia.
Economy and Infrastructure
The lower course of the Mokscha is navigable as far as Kadom , but has not been used regularly since the mid-1990s.
Several small hydropower plants were built on the Mokscha in the 1950s. The largest was opened in 1955 about two kilometers below the mouth of the Zna and was the only one to be equipped with locks to allow shipping to Kadom and on the Zna.
In the area of the Mokscha spring the railway line Rjaschsk –Penza – Sysran and the oil pipeline friendship run . The Moscow - Ryazan - Rusajewka - Syran railway crosses the river near Kowylkino.
At the Mokshan settlement , the M5 Moscow - Samara - Chelyabinsk highway crosses the upper reaches of the river, regional roads cross it and the like. a. at Krasnoslobodsk and Temnikow.