Monte Viso

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Monte Viso
Monte Viso in winter - from Italy

Monte Viso in winter - from Italy

height 3841  m slm
location Piedmont , Italy
Mountains Cottian Alps
Dominance 60.4 km →  Mont Pelvoux
Notch height 2062 m ↓  Le Mauvais Pas
Coordinates 44 ° 40 '4 "  N , 7 ° 5' 20"  E Coordinates: 44 ° 40 '4 "  N , 7 ° 5' 20"  E
Monte Viso (Piedmont)
Monte Viso
First ascent August 30, 1861 by Michel Croz , Jean Baptiste Croz, William Mathews, and Frederik Jacomb
Normal way Climbing mostly up to II, one point III
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The Monte Viso (also: Monviso , . Okzitan Visol , piedmont. : El Viso ) is a three-thousand in the Cottian Alps in northwestern Italy near the border with France .

Location and landscape

Monte Viso area (aerial view)

The Monte Viso is the most southerly mountain in the Alps above 3500 meters and the highest in the Cottian Alps. It towers over all surrounding peaks by about 500 meters and is therefore visible from afar. This also underlines the common name of the mountain as re di pietra ("king of stone"). At the foot of Monte Viso is the headwaters of the Po .

geology

The massif is formed from serpentinite , meta gabbro and meta basit (Monviso-Meta ophiolite complex).

In 2003, Pierre Pétrequin from the Université de Franche-Comté in Besançon and his wife Anne-Marie discovered an early Neolithic mining site for the very rare mineral jadeite . It is found in blocks that were eroded from the serpentinite and transported down into the valley.

History and Development

The jadeite quarry is dated between 5200 and 4000 BC. The further breakdown of the extremely tough material can only have taken place by means of heat blasting, in which flaky crushing is possible. From the mineral, which was otherwise only mined on Monte Beigua (southeast in the Ligurian Apennines), splendid axes and hatchets were made, which were traded across large parts of Europe.

The summit was mentioned by Virgil in the Aeneid , later in Dante's Divine Comedy and Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales .

The first ascent was made on August 30, 1861 by Michel Croz , Jean Baptiste Croz, William Mathews and Frederik Jacomb.

For a number of years - traditionally at the end of August - a trail running competition, the Tour Monviso Trail , has been taking place on trails in the area around the summit . This includes three individual competitions: the 11-kilometer Tour Monviso Walk with an ascent of 450 meters, the 23.3-kilometer Tour Monviso Race with an ascent of 1,825 meters and the longest discipline, the 43-kilometer Tour Monviso Trail with an ascent of 3,066 meters.

Paths and huts

The normal route, which leads over the south side to the summit , can be reached from the east (Italy) from the starting point Crissolo in the upper Po Valley via the Pian del Re and Quintino Sella huts on the Lago Grande di Viso ( 2640  m ). From the west (France) you can reach the normal route via the Rifugio Vallanta hut . A base for the ascent on the normal route is the Bivacco Andreotti located at an altitude of 3,277 meters , from which you can reach the summit in 3–4 hours.

Monte Viso is circled by the Giro di Viso hiking trail , which also leads through the Buco di Viso tunnel .

Culture and nature protection

The Monviso massif is designated as a UNESCO biosphere reserve. The jadeite mining sites are just as much a geotope as an archaeological monument of paramount importance.

literature

Geology:

  • Gianni Balestro, Gianfranco Fioraso, Bruno Lombardo: Geological map of the Monviso massif (Western Alps). In: Journal of Maps 9: 4 (2013), pp. 623–634, doi: 10.1080 / 17445647.2013.842507 ( pdf , tandfonline.com)

Alpinism:

  • Sabine Bade, Wolfram Mikuteit: Piedmont hiking . Michael-Müller-Verlag, Erlangen 2010, ISBN 978-3-89953-566-2 .
  • Sabine Bade, Wolfram Mikuteit: Giro del Monviso - All around and all over the Re di Pietra region , Fernwege.de, Roxheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-941366-11-4 .
  • Sabine Bade, Wolfram Mikuteit, Partisan Paths in Piedmont. Places and ways of resistance between Gran Paradiso and Monviso , Querwege Verlag, Konstanz 2012, ISBN 978-3-941585-05-8 .
  • Iris Kürschner: Piemont South hiking guide , 50 tours between Monviso and the Ligurian Alps, Bergverlag Rother Munich, 1st edition 2008, ISBN 978-3-7633-4359-1 .
  • Iris Kürschner: Hüttentrekking Westalpen , Bergverlag Rother Munich, 1st edition 2010, ISBN 978-3-7633-3040-9 .l

Web links

Commons : Monte Viso  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lit. Balestro et al .: Geological map 2013;
    Compare The Monviso meta-ophiolite complex in the frame of the Penninic domain of southwestern Cottian Alps. Fig. 4. in Daniele Castelli et al .: Crust-mantle interactions during subduction of oceanic & continental crust. June 2014, DOI: 10.3301 / GFT.2014.03 (Fig. On researchgate.net).
  2. ↑ P. Pétrequin, AM Pétrequin, et al .: Beigua, Monviso e Valais. All'origine delle grandi asce levigate di origine alpina in Europa occidentale durante il V millenio. In: Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche LV, 2005, pp. 265–322.
  3. ↑ Pierre Petrequin, Serge Cassen, Michel Errera, Lutz Klassen, Alison Sheridan; Anne-Marie Petrequin (Red.): Jade. Grandes haches alpines du Neolithique europeen. V e et IV e millenaires av. J.-C. (= Les Cahiers de la MSHE Ledoux Volume 17; Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comte et Center de Recherche Archeologique de la Vallee de lAin Volume 1224), Besançon 2012, ISBN 978-2-84867-412-4 ( review, B. Ramminger , in Germania 95 , German, pdf, ub.uni-heidelberg.de).
  4. ↑ a b c d A 6000 year old symbol of power. State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt: Find of the month: January 2008; especially also Fig. 3: The location of Monte Viso and Monte Beigua and the distribution of large axes made of rare rocks from these two mountains.
  5. ↑ Pierre Pétrequin, Michel Errera, Anne-Marie Pétrequin, Pierre Allard: The Neolithic Quarries of Mont Viso, Piedmont, Italy: Initial Radiocarbon Dates. In: European Journal of Archeology 9 (1), April 2006, pp. 7-30, doi: 10.1177 / 1461957107077703 ( researchgate.net ).
  6. ^ A b Franco Rolfo, et al .: The Monviso Massif and the Cottian Alps as Symbols of the Alpine Chain and Geological Heritage in Piemonte, Italy. In: Geoheritage, March 2015, Volume 7, Issue 1, pp. 65–84 ( link.springer.com ).
  7. ^ Virgil: Aeneis, X, 708-9: "Actus aper, multos Vesulus quem pinifer annos defendit multosque palus Laurentia". Compare for example Virgil: Aeneid. Second part. Seventh to twelfth books: The weapons. Published by Carl Thiel. Berlin 1838, p. 525. Retrieved January 29, 2017 at 7:55 pm.
  8. ↑ The first ascent of Monviso. Blog, Wolfram Mikuteit, on westalpen.wordpress.com, February 27, 2009 (last accessed October 6, 2019).
  9. ↑ Tour Monviso Trail. Retrieved January 27, 2017 at 10:30 p.m.