Mooswald (municipality)
| Mooswald (former municipality) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|||
| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Villach Land (VL), Carinthia | ||
| Judicial district | Paternion | ||
| Locality | Moss forest | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 43 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 42 ′ 0 ″ E | ||
| height | 1049 m above sea level A. | ||
| Statistical identification | |||
| Community code | - | ||
| Independent municipality until January 1st, 1964; Today divided into KGs 75204 Gschriet (Gde. Ferndorf ) or 75208 Mooswald and 75216 Tragwinkl (Gde. Fresach ). |
|||
Mooswald is a former municipality in the Villach-Land district in Carinthia . The community, consisting almost exclusively of mountain farms, was dissolved as part of a community reform in Carinthia on January 1, 1964.
geography
The community area extended extensively along the slopes on the west or south-west flank of the Mirnock , a mountain range of the Nockberge up to 2110 meters high . The rather gentle slopes and wide, grassy peaks are ideal for alpine farming . The area is rich in water, despite the hillside location, there are moor meadows and swampy forest sections. The Gschrietbach drains the municipality to the north into the Millstätter See , and several smaller streams flow west into the Drau. In the west Mooswald bordered the communities Ferndorf and (during the temporary incorporation of Ferndorf there) to Paternion in the valley floor of the Drautal . In the north was Radenthein , to the east (on the other side of the Mirnock) Feld am See , Afritz am See and Treffen . In the south the community bordered on Fresach and Weißenstein.
Community structure
Mooswald was subdivided into the following cadastral communities :
- Moss forest
- Gschriet (Pronunciation: [ ɡʃʁɪˑɐt ])
- Support angle (sometimes "support angle")
history
The Drau valley at the foot of the community is an old settlement area. Scattered prehistoric finds document human activities at least since the Bronze Age . At the foot of the Mirnock, directly below the municipal area, are the Laten period fortifications of Stadtgörz and the Duel , a fortified settlement from late antiquity . In the early Middle Ages , the Slavic population settled in the area (cf. Karantanien ). Proof of this is the name of KG Gschriet, which is derived from čret ( "swamp forest" ) and thus represents a kind of Slavic version of the municipality name. The first major clearings and reclamations in the municipal area of Mooswald are likely to have taken place in the 11th and 12th centuries during the rule of Count Ortenburg . Due to its peripheral location and rural structure, Mooswald was mentioned incidentally and in the context of other events before the community survey. In 1666 a Stephan N. from Tragwinkel was sentenced to death in the course of the witch hunt . He was accused, among other things, of causing storms that destroyed the farmers' mills, as well as (transformed as wolf) to tear down sheep in the area.
In Mooswald and the surrounding communities, pronounced crypto-Protestantism developed in the course of the Counter Reformation . Many residents stayed with their new religion despite intensive efforts by the authorities, including deportations. Protestants were only allowed to appear in public again with the tolerance patent of Emperor Joseph II in 1781. As a result, a so-called tolerance prayer house was consecrated as a Protestant church in 1784 in neighboring Fresach , which today houses the Evangelical Diocesan Museum Fresach . Mooswald itself never had its own house of worship or even a parish.
In 1849, Franz Joseph I issued his municipal law , which constituted the municipalities as regional authorities. The Mooswald community thus founded was assigned to the newly created court district of Paternion (dissolved in 1977). The private house of the respective mayor served as the “municipal office”.
The single-class elementary school Gschriet was founded in 1872 as a branch of the elementary school Fresach and became independent in 1874. Since daily arrival and departure was unreasonable, the responsible teacher was given a small house next to the school as service accommodation. After operations in the last one-class school were closed, the schoolhouse was demolished in 2007. From 1913 Mooswald was regularly served by a postman from the Fresach post office, in the course of which a total of seven mailboxes were installed in the municipality. In 1952, another one-class elementary school was opened in KG Mooswald - an innkeeper made his dance hall available as space. As before, the community was not connected to the public electricity grid, in some places farmers had teamed up and installed generators in their water mills. It was not until the later 1950s that the isolated area was more closely connected to the outside world through investments in the road and electricity network.
On January 1, 1964, the spacious and structurally weak community was finally dissolved. Mooswald and Tragwinkel became cadastral communities of Fresach , Gschriet a cadastral community of Ferndorf .
population
In contrast to the valley communities, whose population increased sharply in some cases due to the construction of the railway and the onset of industrialization, the number of inhabitants in Mooswald changed only slightly until just before the Second World War. When it was founded in 1849, the community had 724 inhabitants. In the five decades up to the 1900 census , it had only grown by around 12.5% to 815 residents. By 1910 there followed a relatively strong growth to 862 residents. The years of the First World War brought a slight decrease to 834 inhabitants (census 1920), in the census of 1923 with 866 inhabitants the level of 1910 was reached again. As a result of the Second World War and the structural change in agriculture, the population subsequently tended to decline until the municipality was dissolved (and beyond).
What is striking is the very high proportion of Protestants compared to the rest of Austria. In the 1910 census there were 642 Protestants in Mooswald compared to only 220 Catholics, which corresponds to a share of almost 75%. In the 2001 census this proportion was around 66.6% in the community of Fresach and 36.4% in the community of Ferndorf - in Austria as a whole it is less than 4%.
economy
Mooswald was largely characterized by mountain farming and alpine farming as well as by forestry. Important employers outside the community were the industrial companies in the valley, which increasingly settled there due to the expansion of the railway network with the Tauernbahn and Drautalbahn . Important employers were (and are) for example the rule Paternion (forestry and mining) or the magnesite works in Radenthein (today RHI Magnesita ).
A little bit of tourism began in Mooswald from the 1920s onwards, thanks to the construction of the railway. The Alpenhaus Mirnock (today Renates Einkehr ) at the top of the Gschriet settlement area established itself as the starting point for skiing and hiking tours. After the Second World War, agritourism (“farm holidays”) also began to play a role. A small ski lift was operated in Gschriet until the 1990s.
Personalities
- Johanna Oberrauter (* 1924, † 2013), dialect poet, long-time local councilor in Spittal an der Drau, born in Mooswald.
- Franz Klammer (* 1953), ski racer, Olympic champion Innsbruck 1976 ( downhill ), born in Mooswald.
- Günther Steyrer (* 1931, † 1986), dialect poet, composer and choir director, headmaster in Gschriet.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz Pehr: The Mirnock area in Carinthia. A botanical study . In: Natural Science Association for Carinthia (Ed.): Carinthia II . 5. Special issue. Klagenfurt 1936, p. 24 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ a b c church chronicle . Fresach parish, accessed on October 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Ginhart, Karl., Russwurm-Biró, Gabriele .: Dehio manual . The art monuments of Austria: Dehio Kärnten 2001 . 3rd, exp. and verb. Aufl. Schroll, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X , p. 119 .
- ↑ Piccotini, Gernot: The Romans in Carinthia. A guide to the country's major Roman excavations and monuments . Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1989, ISBN 3-85378-333-3 , p. 32 ff .
- ^ Primus Lessiak: The Carinthian station names. With a detailed essay on the Carinthian place-name formation . In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 112th year. Klagenfurt 1922, p. 13 .
- ^ Martin Wutte: witch trials in Carinthia . In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 117th year. Klagenfurt 1927, p. 54 f .
- ↑ Steiner, Stephan: Journeys without return. The deportation of Protestants from Carinthia 1734-1736 . Oldenbourg, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58077-8 , p. 51 .
- ^ Evangelical Forum Fresach | Tolerance prayer house. Retrieved October 15, 2019 .
- ↑ RGBl. No. 170/1849 (p. 203)
- ^ Announcement [...] on the division of the Crown Land of Carinthia into district courts . In: Klagenfurter Zeitung . December 18, 1849, p. 7 ( onb.ac.at ).
- ↑ Carinthian State School Council . In: Klagenfurter Zeitung . No. 34 , February 12, 1847, p. 2 ( onb.ac.at ).
- ^ Landesnachrichten - Fresach (introduction of the country mail carrier service) . In: Free Voices . No. 35 , February 12, 1913, p. 5 ( onb.ac.at ).
- ↑ Photo documentation: This exhibition shows us life back then. Meinviertel.at, accessed on October 16, 2019 .
- ↑ LGBL. KTN No. 217/1963 .
- ↑ Martin Wutte: The population movement in Carinthia 1880-1934 . In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 128th year. Klagenfurt 1938, p. 95 .
- ↑ a b census results . In: Free Voices . No. 19 . Klagenfurt February 13, 1911, p. 3 ( onb.ac.at ).
- ^ Gschriet (Congregation and Census) . In: Free Voices . Klagenfurt June 20, 1923, p. 4 ( onb.ac.at ).
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Population according to demographic characteristics. Retrieved October 15, 2019 .
- ^ Ferdinand Nagl: Holidays in the Carinthian Oberland. Fresach and Gschriet with the Mirnock. In: Free Voices . Klagenfurt September 7, 1928, p. 2 ( onb.ac.at ).