Voice of Russia
Voice of Russia ( Russian : Голос России / Golos Rossii; formerly Radio Moscow / Радио Москвы ) was the state Soviet or Russian foreign radio service from 1929 to 2014. It last broadcast in 33 languages.
The renaming of the station to Radio Sputnik was only a very short interlude. On December 23, 2014, it was renamed SNA Radio again . The abbreviation SNA stands for Sputnik News Agency .
History of the station
Radio Moscow
The station was founded under the name Radio Moscow. Regular broadcasting for listeners abroad began on October 29, 1929 with a report on the celebrations for the 12th anniversary of the October Revolution on Red Square and the words “This is Moscow speaking! Workers of all countries, unite! ”The start of regular broadcasting took place three years before the BBC World Service .
The first broadcast language was German, followed a little later by English and French. The contents of the program were characterized by taking sides with the Soviet system and the moral support of communists in non-Soviet countries. In 1937 Moscow radio broadcast in eight languages: English, German, French, Dutch, Czech, Swedish, Portuguese and Hungarian.
At the time of National Socialism , the German-language service of Radio Moscow was a propaganda source for the resistance against National Socialism . In accordance with the official stance of the Soviet Union, Radio Moscow made a clear distinction between the Hitler regime and the German people. During these years, many exiled German communists were active in the German editorial team . Journalists, publicists and politicians such as Egon Erwin Kisch , Wilhelm Pieck , Johannes R. Becher , Erich Weinert , Willi Bredel , Friedrich Wolf and Ernst Busch performed at the microphone . Famous German actors and writers such as Lotte Loebinger , Heinrich Greif (chief speaker from 1935 to 1945), Hedda Zinner and others worked there as speakers . a. m. During the Second World War , Radio Moscow was considered an enemy broadcaster in Germany , and eavesdropping and disseminating its news was threatened with the death penalty during this period .
During the Cold War , Radio Moscow expanded its program offering considerably and became a major radio power in the East-West conflict. The daily German-language program was seven hours long and was broadcast to Central Europe at lunchtime and in the evenings via short, medium and long waves. Radio Moscow programs could be heard in more than 60 foreign languages on numerous frequencies. Used transmission facilities in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and Cuba . The pause came from the melody of the song Schiroka strana moja rodnaja ( Russian Широка страна моя родная , Fatherland, no enemy should endanger you ” ). In analogy to the BBC World Service, the station broadcast a 24-hour program in English that could be received worldwide under the title Radio Moscow World Service . On the part of the West, broadcasters like Voice of America and Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty formed a counterweight in radio propaganda .
Voice of Russia
During the times of glasnost and perestroika the program changed significantly. For example, on January 1, 1987, Moscow Radio broadcast the New Year's Address by US President Ronald Reagan to the Soviet people.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the station renamed itself Voice of Russia and distanced itself from the earlier Marxist-Leninist ideology .
Like all state foreign broadcasting services, the Voice of Russia is state-funded. It serves to disseminate the official presentation of the political, economic, social, cultural and sporting conditions in the Russian Federation .
The Russian government called for a comprehensive change in the distribution base towards the Internet and digital distribution media as well as a modernization and editorial refreshment of the familiar traditional program structure. There was a program schedule with news read live every 15 minutes in selected broadcast hours, which were also broadcast via DAB + under the name Radio Impala , but were discontinued at the end of 2014. Much is still in flux with the organization and the program. Long-term series of programs (DX programs and mailboxes) were discontinued because they met with little interest among the listeners. At the moment it is unclear whether z. For example, the program extensions made after May 20, 2013 in the mornings and from 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. Central European Time can actually be accepted or withdrawn from the relatively small number of listeners.
In the first quarter of 2013, the voice of Russia opened a studio in Berlin on Pariser Platz, from which programs were produced and partially broadcast live and as a delivery to Moscow. A staff of Russians and Germans worked in the Berlin studio, and on a case-by-case basis, including editorial staff, were reinforced by additional external employees. From initially two daily broadcast hours until the end of 2014, broadcasts were produced live in Berlin from Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. and from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Merger with RIA Novosti
By decree No. 894, signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin on December 9, 2013, the "Voice of Russia" and the RIA Novosti news agency will become a new state news agency called " Rossiya Sevodnya International News Agency " ("Russia Today" ) merged.
The journalist Dmitri Kisselev was appointed general director of the new agency at the same time as decree No. 895. He is considered an ideological hardliner and an advocate of presidential autocratic tendencies. The renovation, which took place shortly before the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , should be completed by the Russian government within a month. Overall, it was expected to take around three months to complete, although no implementing provisions are known.
The development has been received critically. The chairman of the Moscow Association of Journalists, Pavel Gusev, said it was a "revival of Soviet principles". Kisseljow was last noticed in the summer of 2013 through homophobic statements. On his 60th birthday, he compared Putin in a positive way with the dictator Josef Stalin. In addition to saving money, the reasons given for the restructuring were the realignment of Russia's self-portrayal in the face of increasing tensions with the West.
Kisseljow said at a RIA Novosti works meeting that “the old brands” should be continued within the new organization; but this was only related to RIA Novosti. On the occasion of the Olympic Winter Games, an English-language radio channel Sochi Today was launched on November 21, 2013 , which, however, is not supplied by the English editors of Voice of Russia, but by the state-financed foreign television broadcaster RT .
The employment contracts of the Moscow employees of the Voice of Russia were terminated on April 30, 2014. On April 1, 2014, the use of medium wave and short wave transmitters was discontinued. Since then, live broadcasts can only be heard via web radio, satellite and program partners.
Renaming of “Radio Sputnik” to “SNA Radio” and reorganization
On November 11, 2014, the station was renamed Radio Sputnik . A little later, on December 23, 2014, the company was renamed SNA-Radio again , with the initials SNA standing for Sputnik News Agency . Since December 24, 2014, the editorial team and broadcasters have been part of the international news portal Sputnik . On the former homepage there is the note: "The editorial staff of the Voice of Russia has joined forces with the RIA Novosti team and together founded a modern brand of the 21st century - Sputnik."
distribution
The broadcast of the program has been noticeably reduced since 2012 on the classic short and medium wave transmission channels. In return, some of the content of the German Voice of Russia service can be heard on cooperation channels. Initially, this was Radio Impala, which has since been discontinued and is controversial under media law (May 2013 to December 2014). The full program is distributed exclusively via the broadcaster's website and via satellite (see below). At the beginning of 2015, the program was broadcast via the new provider Megaradio SNA as DAB + broadcast and a new program structure was therefore introduced. However, the editorial team in Moscow has not yet received any reports or information that can be generated from program monitoring. The responsible supervisory authority for this distribution channel is the LPR Hessen .
For the German-speaking area, analogue broadcasting via the medium-wave transmitter Oranienburg and digital shortwave (DRM) were discontinued on January 1, 2014.
In addition, audio-on-demand and live streams are offered via the Internet as well as a satellite feed. The latter can be found on Express AM6 at 53 ° East (10.961 MHz vertical, 1.229 kSymbols / s, FEC 3/4), although not all satellite receivers support the low symbol rate. The more important voice services, including the German one, can be heard around the clock as Internet radio . In addition, individual programs are available for download from the German editorial team's website. In addition to the World Service, there are three other services in English for the USA, Great Britain and India, which also operate separate websites.
literature
- Dirk Klapperich: "A thorn in my side". The Eastern Europe editorial team of Deutsche Welle from the CSCE Final Act to the cooperation with Radio Moscow (1975 to 1990). m press Martin Meidenbauer, Munich 2007. ISBN 978-3-89975-651-7
See also
Web links
- Former website (German)
- Sputnik International - successor program since November 2014
- Corinna Arndt: The forgotten "Voice of Russia". In: Deutschlandfunk broadcast “Background”. April 29, 2003 .
Individual evidence
- ^ " Voice of Russia celebrates its 85th anniversary" . Voice of Russia, October 29, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
- ↑ Valentina Choschewa: " Voice of Russia celebrates its 85th anniversary" . Voice of Russia, October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
- ^ " Voice of Russia celebrates its 85th anniversary" . Voice of Russia, October 29, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
- ↑ Йентофт М. Гуд даг! Говорит Москва! Радио Коминтерна, советская пропаганда и норвежцы. - М .: Политическая энциклопедия (Political Encyclopedia), 2013. - p. 39
- ↑ Valentina Choschewa: " Voice of Russia celebrates its 85th anniversary" . Voice of Russia, October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
- ↑ Voice of Russia absorbed by nascent Rossiya Segodnya newswire . Voice of Russia. Press release. December 9, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Kai Ludwig: Voice of Russia will be liquidated (updated) ( Memento of the original from December 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . RBB Radio Eins media magazine. December 9, 2013. Updated December 13, 2013. Accessed December 14, 2013.
- ^ A b Klaus-Helge Donath: The Propaganda Mega Machine. taz.de. December 11, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ↑ Russia forges a large news agency. ( Memento from December 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) tagesschau.de, December 9, 2013. Accessed on December 13, 2013.
- ↑ Fred Weir: Kremlin Spin: Does Media Overhaul Herald New Propaganda Push? ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The Christian Science Monitor, December 9, 2013. Retrieved from HighBeam Research (accessed from The Wikipedia Library ), December 14, 2013.
- ↑ Homepage Voice of Russia ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Retrieved on December 31, 2014.
