Multi hall

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Multi hall
Ceiling construction of the multi hall

Ceiling construction of the multi hall

Data
place Mannheim , Herzogenriedpark
architect Carlfried Mutschler , Joachim Langner , Frei Otto ( structural engineering )
Client City of Mannheim
Architectural style Organic architecture
Construction year 1974/75
height 20 m
Floor space 10,500 m²
particularities
Wooden lattice shell as roof structure

The Multihalle is a multi-purpose hall in Mannheim's Herzogenriedpark , which was built for the 1975 Federal Garden Show . The building was designed by Carlfried Mutschler and his office partner Joachim Langner . The supporting structure was designed by Frei Otto as a curved lattice girder , it is still the largest free-form wooden lattice shell construction in the world. The Multihalle is a major work of organic architecture and has been a listed building since 1998 .

architecture

The Multihalle is a hall with a multi-curved grid of roof battens (cross-section 50 × 50 mm), which was planned by the Mannheim architects Carlfried Mutschler and Joachim Langner and completed in 1975. The planning of the supporting structure was provided by Frei Otto and the proof of the stability was provided by Ove Arup & Partners from London (today Arup Group Ltd. ). The actual event hall as well as an extended area with passageways and a restaurant are located under the common roofing of two merging domes. The interior is evenly illuminated with daylight thanks to the partially matt translucent film.

General data

  • Supporting structure: wooden slats, laid crosswise in two or four slats one above the other. Distance from each other 50/50 cm. Slat cross-section 5/5 cm. Hemlock and pine wood .
  • Roof area: 9,500 m²
  • Drilled holes at the crossing points: 144,000, 34,000 bolts
  • Edge circumference: 685 m (rope-supported edge: 35 m, arches: 135 m)
  • Cable net: 7,150 m
  • Roofing: Trevira fabric, blackened, PVC- coated, sheet goods, overlapped and welded at the joints, on nail slats with bukama clips
  • Hall size: 10,500 m³
  • Total length: 160 m
  • Total width: 115 m
  • Dome height: 20 m
  • Largest transverse span: 60 m

   see. Data and facts in: 

Building history

At the building exhibition in Essen ( Deubau  ) in 1962 , Otto created his first wooden slatted dome . It had an area of ​​250 m² laid out on the floor and consisted of thin slats of 40 × 20 mm folded into a square. A truck-mounted crane lifted the slatted frame 5 m in the middle. The previously loosely connected slats now crossed each other in a diamond shape. Otto had the ends of the laths attached to a circumferential support and only then tightened the bolts on the connections between the wooden strips. The finished structure is similar to that of a Zollinger roof , but it is composed of shorter board sections.

A second and this time double-arched wooden lattice shell roof was built by Otto in 1967 within the German pavilion as a lecture hall and foyer during the world exhibition Expo 67 in Montreal. 

After the decision was made in January 1970 to host the 1975 Federal Garden Show in Mannheim, two competitions were announced in which architects and landscape architects were asked to present their ideas for the two garden show grounds, Herzogenriedpark and Luisenpark .

The award winner for the Herzogenriedpark area was the architecture office Carlfried Mutschler + Partner, Mannheim. The competition plan envisaged a large, covered meeting point for various activities and a café with a terrace by the water as the central area. An airy wooden construction was planned for the café. The meeting point should be roofed with large umbrellas that should be hung on gas balloons. This was technically possible, but building law objections made this project fail. In addition, the balloons should have been drawn in from wind force 7.

The most varied types of pneumatic constructions have been investigated, which, however, would have caused excessive material and cutting costs. Air-tight closed air domes were also out of the question, so the various tent constructions were discussed.

Aerobus , Federal Garden Show 1975

Since artificial mound of laminated beams could not satisfy couple, the idea came grid shells of the German musician Frei Otto week. The advantage of a lattice shell as a roof structure is that under its own weight it is "only subject to compression and not bending." At the same time as the construction was chosen, the locations of the various functions were determined. Visitors were to be guided into the hall on two levels - that of the Aerobus station and the park.

The starting point for the grid shell was the wire model of the preliminary design. In this 1: 500 model, however, the final shape could only be roughly specified. With the help of twisted threads, the length and width of the surface could be roughly unwound. The wire model as a hanging net simulated the mesh of the later wooden grating. Before the tying of the net began, the direction in which it should be had to be determined and then the links and rings had to be strung together with the help of pins and a soft pad. In the hanging chain model, the bowl was upside down.

With the help of forklifts and scaffolding towers, construction workers carefully lifted the roof into its final position. On January 30, 1975, at the request of test engineer Fritz Wenzel, a load test was carried out on the roof itself, in which 205 filled water bins were hung on the lattice. The shell yielded 79 millimeters, one millimeter less than calculated.

In a documentary in 2005, Otto confessed that he considered the Multihalle to be his “boldest building”, “much bolder than the Olympic roof”. The civil engineer Ian Liddell , who had statically checked the Multihalle in 1975, added that using the natural material wood as a multi-curved roof structure would have been "like an idea from another planet" without a forerunner and history.


  • Outer shell of the multi-hall

  • West entrance at the former elevated railway

  • Entrance from the inside

  • Large hall in the multi hall

  • The connections of the wooden strips were only tightened in the final assembly.

Current state

Supports on the roof edge

The multi-hall was originally intended to exist as a temporary structure only for the duration of the Federal Garden Show in 1975. The largest irregularly shaped wooden lattice shell construction in the world to date was not demolished and in 1998 was listed as a cultural monument for scientific and local history reasons . The larger Superior Dome on Lake Superior in the US state of Michigan , completed in 1991, has a regularly double-curved dome as a wooden lattice shell .

The foil roof originally consisted of a PVC foil with a fabric insert. In 1981 it became necessary to move into the hall with a newly developed plastic sealing membrane. The previously semi-transparent roof envelope has now turned white. In the meantime, this has become porous in places, so that penetrating water damages the wood of the roof structure and impairs the load-bearing capacity. In addition, the load-bearing wooden structure shifts, even if only minimally. In order to prevent further deformation, a support tower was built in the large hall in 2008 for structural reasons. The actual hall has been closed since 2011, and the paths under the roof are still accessible.

The roof structure outside the actual hall has also been stabilized with supports. The structural condition continues to deteriorate. The renovation has been considered for several years. In May 2016, the costs were calculated at 3.39 million euros for a conservation and 11.6 million for a general renovation. The cost of a demolition is estimated at 1.02 million euros. Against this, among other things, the fact that the monument status of a “cultural monument of special importance” is to be expected. On June 10, 2016, the city council approved the demolition, with only one vote against by Steffen Ratzel (CDU), should a substantial amount not be raised by the end of 2017 in favor of redevelopment through external grants, sponsoring or crowdfunding .

Rescue initiatives

Support beam inside

On June 23, 2017, the main committee of the Mannheim municipal council voted to postpone a final decision on the future of the Multihalle until the end of 2019. So that cultural and sporting events can continue to take place in the hall until then, the municipal councils approved 158,000 euros. An international donation campaign should bring in the main part of the necessary renovation costs amounting to 11.6 million euros, then the city of Mannheim will also contribute a share. Building mayor Lothar Quast calculated a period of three to eight years for the campaign. One goal is to save the Multihalle until the Federal Horticultural Show in Mannheim in 2023.

The Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Architects and the City of Mannheim founded a support association on October 24, 2016 to maintain and promote the Multihalle. A first workshop was offered in the Multihalle in spring 2017 to explain the special features of this new type of shell architecture to construction experts and to develop new uses.

The chairman of the Mannheim Sports Association, Michael Scheidel, explained that there was a shortage of sports halls in Mannheim. He therefore supports the use of the multi-hall for sporting purposes.

As part of the UN- sponsored Urban Thinkers Campus conference in the Mannheim town hall at the end of October 2017, a working group discussed the future use and involvement of the users of the Multihalle.

At the 16th International Architecture Exhibition of the Venice Biennale (2018), the saai and the city of Mannheim presented the Multihalle with archive material and new usage concepts to an international audience for the first time. The Multihalle embodies an “open space” for an “open society” with its experimental history, its open spatial qualities and its embedding in the urban topography of city and landscape.

On September 26, 2018, three-day public information days began in the Multihalle, where ideas and contributions to the discussion on the future use of the Multihalle and Herzogenriedpark were asked.

On October 16, 2018, the municipal council voted with a “very large majority” to participate in the financing of a complete renovation. If the federal government takes on the larger share with the “National Urban Development Projects” funding program, the city intends to invest up to a third of the renovation costs, which are now estimated at 14.2 million euros. According to the Mannheim Bundestag member Nikolas Löbel (CDU), the federal government would like "at the same time a financial contribution from the state - the same amount that the federal government gives is expected from the state".

According to Stephan Weber, Vice President of the Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Architects (AKBW), an optimal usage model is to be found with the help of an architectural competition. The prize money for the competition was donated by the BDA Baden-Württemberg and the furniture company Wilkhahn . The award was also expressly addressed to the younger generation of architects and students “from all over the world” in order to design a “versatile space of possibilities”. On March 23, 2019, after two days, the jury selected three proposals from over 50 submitted designs from all over the world for first place. According to the jury, these ideas should still be brought together in a uniform design. In the long term, only the wooden lattice shell roof is to be preserved, the interior will change according to the use.

In 2019, the city of Mannheim will make the Multihalle better known locally and internationally with a series of events. Events in the Multihalle had u. a. the Time Warp Festival ( May Market hall) with techno music , the National Theater during the Schillertage well as the Pop Academy and the Goethe-Institut with a sound installation and a concert.

On April 5, 2019, the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Home Affairs announced that the Multihalle will receive funding of 5 million euros as part of the federal program of national urban development projects . To justify this decision it was said u. a .: "The aim of the project is to make a contribution to the preservation and valorization of a building culture icon , the impressive supporting structure of which is an outstanding example of German engineering."

"With a large majority", the local council decided on July 9, 2019 to maintain and renovate the Multihalle with a contribution of 9.2 million euros. The communal share had to be doubled because the hoped-for funding from the federal and state governments was less than expected. Rejecting city councils criticized the lack of a usage concept and the lack of clarity about the additional financing of ongoing operating costs. The outgoing city councilor Steffen Ratzel (CDU) described the Multihalle as Mannheim's "architecturally most important work" and, like many other city councilors, also called for offers for the residents of the hall. The decision was received with approval and relief in the media.

Redevelopment

In September 2019, the jury selected a design by the Spanish architect duo Guillem Colomer Fontanet ( Cofo architects ) and Gabriel R. Peña ( Peña architecture ) in Rotterdam from the top three architectural communities , as their planning was based on the concept “with the greatest development potential and the highest architectural Quality "is. In mid-February 2020, Tatjana Dürr, consultant for building culture at the city of Mannheim, presented the architects' use concept to the Mannheim city council. The Multihalle is given a transparent shell and is largely gutted. Various new installations are to be accommodated along a so-called “hall avenue”. The “Hallenallee”, on the other hand, will be extended at both ends to the end of the park, thus offering residents and visitors good connections to the city's public transport .

The architects placed a rectangular cube near the middle of the “Hallenallee” in front of the entrance to the large hall, in stark contrast to the soft roof shape. The surface of the cuboid provides a stage for artistic performances of all kinds. Below the cube, a year-round event space is being added on the ground floor.

The existing grandstand area in the large hall will be largely dismantled, but individual staggered seating segments ( modules ) can be added again if necessary for a wide variety of events . The semicircular grandstand can be arranged in a variety of ways thanks to the seat modules. "In the dark" catacombs "[behind the former grandstand], previously artists' dressing rooms, the offices, workshops and smaller event rooms as well as studios [with daylight] are to be built." The sanitary facilities and the technical infrastructure are to be renovated, as is the restaurant. The city building authority expects construction to start in 2021, so that completion is guaranteed before the Federal Horticultural Show in 2023.

literature

  • Frei Otto (Ed.): Multihalle Mannheim. (= Communications from the Institute for Lightweight Structures , IL 13.) Krämer, Stuttgart 1978, 276 pages, numerous illustrations, ISBN 3-7828-2013-4 .
  • Irene Meissner, Eberhard Möller: Frei Otto: research, build, inspire / a life of research, construction and inspiration. Detail , Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-95553-252-9 , pp. 82f., (German / English), excerpt .
  • Jochen Stahl, Christian Rosenkranz: The miracle of Mannheim. Roof structure. In: build with wood , 2016, vol. 118, no. 10, ISSN  0005-6545 , pp. 16–21, leading article .
  • Georg Vrachliotis: Frei Otto, Carlfried Mutschler, Multihalle. Spector Books, Leipzig 2017, 255 pp., 192 illustrations, ISBN 978-3-95905-192-7 , (German / English).
  • Ian Liddell , Chris Williams , Paul Rogers: The grid shell of the Multihalle in Mannheim. In: Bundesingenieurkammer (Ed.), Ingenieurbaukunst 2018 , Ernst & Sohn , Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-433-03204-6 , pp. 162–169.
  • Eberhard Möller: Innovation via inspiration and creativity. To save the Multihalle as a further exemplary lightweight construction experiment. In: Bautechnik , 2019, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 15-20, doi : 10.1002 / bate.201800075 .
  • Fritz Wenzel: Multihalle Mannheim. How can things continue with Frei Otto's wooden lattice bowl? In: Bautechnik , 2019, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 21–24, doi : 10.1002 / bate.201800086 .
  • Melanie Mertens: The stranded whale. The Multihalle monument . In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg , 2020, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 9-14, online , (PDF; 10.4 MB).
  • Christian Kayser, Ivan Kovacevic: Under bars. Exemplary damage assessment at the Mannheim Multihalle . In: Monument Preservation in Baden-Württemberg , 2020, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 15–20, online , (PDF).

Movie

  • Frei Otto. Of soap bubbles and tents. Documentary, Germany, 2005, 60 min., Script and director: Louis Saul, production: SWR , arte , first broadcast: arte , April 22, 2005, production: megaherz , SWR , arte , summary by megaherz, ( Memento from April 15 2013 in the web archive archive.today ).
    In it from 38:10 min .: Frei Otto, accompanied by Joachim Langner , Ian Liddell and others, inspect and examine the structural condition of the then still intact Multihalle.

Exhibitions

  • Multihalle - Democratic Umbrella. Exchange room of the BDA in the Zeppelin-Carré, Stuttgart, April 15 to June 28, 2019.
  • BUGA 75 . A festival changes the city. Marchivum , Mannheim, March 24 to August 18, 2019.
  • Sleeping Beauty - Reinventing Frei Otto's Multihalle. Presentation of the saai and the city of Mannheim at the 16th International Architecture Exhibition of the Venice Biennale , May 26th to November 25th 2018.
  • Robert Häusser and Marco Vedana: Space miracle Multihalle. Architectural photography in the House of Architects in Stuttgart, June 1 to July 4, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Multihalle  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Architectonics

Videos, pictures

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Christiane Weber: Multihalle Mannheim. Hanging model for determining the grid shell of the hall roof. In: German Architecture Museum - Model Collection , February 15, 2013.
  2. ^ Georg Vrachliotis: Frei Otto, Carlfried Mutschler, Multihalle . Spector Books, Leipzig 2018, ISBN 978-3-95905-192-7 , pp. ? .
  3. ↑ Georg Vrachliotis: A monument to experimental culture . In: arch + , September 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ Jan Krasko: Data and facts about the Multihalle. In: City of Mannheim , October 24, 2016, (PDF; 5 pp., 68 kB).
  5. ↑ DeubauKom (formerly Deubau). In: baulinks.de , accessed on June 28, 2017.
  6. ↑ Latte dome on the German Building Exhibition 1962 in Essen. In: Architekturmuseum der TU München , accessed on June 28, 2017.
  7. ↑ Wooden lattice shell in the German Pavilion in 1967, see photo on p. 81 in: I. Meissner, E. Möller, Frei Otto: research, build, inspire , 2015, turn to page selection “20–21”.
  8. ↑ Irene Meissner, Eberhard Möller: Frei Otto: research, build, inspire / a life of research, construction and inspiration. Detail , Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-95553-252-9 , p. 80.
  9. ^ E. Maushake, A remarkable domed roof in the German Pavilion in Montreal , in: Bautechnik , December 1967, No. 12, free download of the article.
  10. ↑ Irene Meissner, Eberhard Möller: Frei Otto: research, build, inspire / a life of research, construction and inspiration. Detail , Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-95553-252-9 , p. 78.
  11. ↑ Photo by Joachim Langner : Forklift with scaffolding towers in the multi hall. In: saai , published by Enrico Santifaller: Frei Otto's Multihalle in Mannheim. In: Bauwelt (magazine) , June 13, 2017, No. 12 , image 5 of 5.
  12. ^ Fritz Wenzel: Multihalle Mannheim. How can things continue with Frei Otto's wooden lattice bowl? In: Bautechnik , 2019, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 21–24, with illustrations of the structure.
  13. ↑ Frei Otto. Of soap bubbles and tents. ( Memento from June 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). In: megaherz , 2005.
  14. ↑ Peter W. Ragge (pwr): architect to help. ( Memento from June 25, 2017 in the archive.today web archive ). In: Mannheimer Morgen , June 1, 2016, p. 19.
  15. ↑ Peter Ragge: Grace period for Multihalle is extended. ( Memento from June 25, 2017 in the archive.today web archive ). In: Mannheimer Morgen , June 23, 2017.
  16. ↑ Gerhard Bühler: Mannheim's Multihalle is to be demolished. In: Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung . June 11, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2016 .
  17. ↑ Gerhard Bühler: Will Sir Norman Foster help save the Multihalle? International architects wanted for donation campaign - cultural monument will not be demolished for the time being. In: RNZ , June 24, 2017.
  18. ↑ a b Annika Wind: The thoughts are free. Ideas for the continued use of the Multihalle in Mannheim. In: BauNetz , April 7, 2017.
  19. ^ Association Multihalle Mannheim
  20. ↑ Uschi Götz: Frei Otto's multifunctional hall saved? The miracle of Mannheim. In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur , June 13, 2017.
  21. ↑ ragge: Multihalle: longer term, more money. ( Memento from July 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ). In: Mannheimer Morgen , June 28, 2017.
  22. ↑ Fabian Busch: A lot of homework until 2030. ( Memento from April 14, 2018 in the web archive archive.today ). In: Mannheimer Morgen , October 23, 2017: “... the students agree on two things: The multi-hall must offer various uses. And it should develop its social potential again in the sense of its architect Frei Otto, be a symbol for the open society and a meeting point. "
  23. ^ Alfons Oebbeke: Mannheim Multihalle by Frei Otto in Venice for the Biennale. In: baulinks.de , March 29, 2018, with a 360 ° view in the Multihalle via Google Street View .
  24. ↑ Peter W. Ragge (pwr): An evening of ideas. Multihalle: From climbing competitions to cooking shows to discussion forums - citizens advise on possible uses. ( Memento from October 27, 2018 in the web archive archive.today ). In: Mannheimer Morgen , September 29, 2018.
  25. ↑ Peter W. Ragge (pwr): City pays for redevelopment. Main Committee (II) - Majority approves participation in federal program for Multihalle. ( Memento from October 27, 2018 in the web archive archive.today ). In: Mannheimer Morgen , October 17, 2018.
  26. ↑ Volker Endres: This is what plans for the Multihalle look like. In: RNZ , March 26, 2019.
  27. ↑ Peter W. Ragge (pwr): Multihalle : Architectural competition will be decided on Saturday / Expert jury recommends federal subsidy. Hope for money from Berlin. In: Mannheimer Morgen , (PDF; 281 kB), March 20, 2019, ( original article , beginning only).
  28. ↑ a b pwr: The Multihalle should have a future. ( Memento from February 20, 2019 in the web archive archive.today ). In: Mannheimer Morgen , February 11, 2019.
  29. ↑ Award: Democratic Umbrella. International ideas competition for the Multihalle Mannheim. In: mannheim-multihalle.de , October 2018.
  30. ↑ Announcement: Multihalle Mannheim - Democratic Umbrella. International ideas competition started. In: arch + , October 27, 2018.
  31. ↑ Concrete ideas for the future of the Multihalle - three winners in the international ideas competition Multihalle - Democratic Umbrella. In: City of Mannheim , March 23, 2019.
  32. ↑ pwr: Mannheim - architectural competition with several first prize winners. Multihalle: wooden roof has a future. In: Mannheimer Morgen , March 25, 2019.
  33. ^ Wolfgang Risch ( dpa ): Architectural monument. Mannheim hopes for money for hall renovation. In: Südwest Presse , October 25, 2018.
  34. ^ Volker Austria: Schillertage Mannheim. When the multi-hall shimmers. “Mannheim 2.480” at the International Schiller Days. In: RNZ , June 29, 2019.
  35. ↑ Announcements: concrete: music 02.06. - 08.06.2019. In: mannheim-multihalle.de , June 2019.
    Concrete: music • Ziggy Has Ardeur & Konstantin Gropper. In: facebook , June 2019.
  36. ↑ Eliran Kendi: In the heart of the Herzogenriedpark. The federal government is funding the renovation of the Multihalle with 5 million euros. In: mannheim24.de , April 5, 2019.
  37. ↑ Funding list : National Urban Development Projects - Funding Projects 2018/2019. In: Federal Ministry of the Interior , April 4, 2019, (PDF; 171 kB), accessed on April 6, 2019.
  38. ^ Peter W. Ragge: Herzogenriedpark. A large majority of the municipal council decides to maintain and renovate the multi-hall / status upgraded. Soon a “monument de luxe”. In: Mannheimer Morgen , July 10, 2019, only beginning of article.
  39. ↑ Olivia Kaiser: Multihalle gets a new roof despite millions of additional costs. City councils voted in favor of the renovation with a large majority - focus on utilization concept. In: RNZ , July 10, 2019.
  40. ↑ Markus Clauer: Heaven made of wood: Why it is very good that the Mannheim Multihalle is saved. In: Rheinpfalz , July 9, 2019, only beginning of article.
  41. ^ Johanna Eberhardt: Multihalle Mannheim. The "Sleeping Beauty" comes to an end. In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , 7 July 2019, with picture gallery , only beginning of article.
  42. ↑ Company data: COFO architects. In: Apollo.io , 2020, accessed April 26, 2020.
  43. ↑ User profile: About Gabriel R. Peña. In: Facebook , 2020, accessed April 26, 2020.
  44. ^ Da: Multihalle Mannheim becomes Democratic Umbrella. COFO and PEÑA commissioned with utilization and renovation concept. In: BauNetz , March 13, 2020, with a detailed picture gallery.
  45. ↑ Heike Warlich-Zink: Many visions for the Mannheim Multihalle (update). In: RNZ , February 19, 2020.
  46. ↑ a b c pwr (Peter W. Ragge): A roof like in the Olympic Stadium. In: Mannheimer Morgen , March 2, 2020, only the beginning of the article free.
  47. ↑ Leoni Spies: Catalyst for Social Interaction: New usage concept for the Mannheim Multihalle. In: Detail , April 17, 2020.
  48. ^ Exhibition: Multihalle - Democratic Umbrella. In: Wechsraum.de , 2019, accessed on June 19, 2019.
  49. ↑ Dietrich Heißenbüttel: The hall for pretty much everything. In: Context: weekly newspaper , issue 429, June 21, 2019.
  50. ↑ BUGA 75. A festival changes the city. In: Marchivum , 2019.
  51. ↑ Monika Enzenbach: Sleeping Beauty - Reinventing Frei Otto's Multihalle - Mannheim at the Architecture Biennale in Venice. In: mannheim.de , March 27, 2018.
  52. ↑ Exhibition leaflet . In: Chamber of Architects Baden-Württemberg / saai , 2017 (PDF; 4 p., 1,450 kB).

Coordinates: 49 ° 30 ′ 16 "  N , 8 ° 28 ′ 47.2"  E