Google Street View

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Globe icon of the infobox
Google Street View
Website logo
The new, three-dimensional city map
virtually accessible city ​​map
operator Google LLC ( more )
Registration No
On-line May 25, 2007
https://www.google.de/streetview
Google vehicle photographing a street in Honolulu

Google Street View is an online service from the US company Google LLC that shows 360-degree views from a street perspective . He expands the company's own map service Google Maps and the Google Earth program . The service was first introduced in May 2007 with select views available only in the United States. In the following period, the offer was expanded internationally.

Technology and recording

vehicles

The raw data are digitized 360-degree panoramic images that are recorded with specially equipped cars and bicycles. These special vehicles have nine cameras mounted on the roof at a height of around 2.9 meters (in Switzerland 2 meters, apparently a little lower on the Google bike ): eight cameras for a 360-degree view, one camera is directed upwards. In addition, there are three laser measuring devices for three-dimensional measurements. With the collected 3D data, there should be a spatial representation of the buildings with the Street View data as surfaces in Google Earth at a later date. The detection radius of the laser scanners manufactured by the German company Sick AG is around 50 meters.

In addition, Google has had pictures taken by pedestrians in various US national parks. A special backpack was used, which is also equipped with cameras at a height of 2.5 m.

software

In addition to the photo and 3D data, data is collected via radio networks. This data includes the network name ( SSID ), the encryption strength and the MAC addresses of the devices used. This data should be used for WLAN-based location. In addition to this traffic data, the transmitted data was also recorded if the networks were not encrypted. Google uses the Kismet program for this . The method has been known for a long time , including as wardriving . In March 2011, the French data protection authority, the CNIL, fined Google for collecting data.

The user can use the Street View data in Google Maps by pointing the yellow-orange symbol of a stylized male ( pegman ) on the lower right side of the Google Maps interface with the cursor in the selected area at a specific location pulls. Streets for which Street View data is available are highlighted in blue. If Street View is not available for a particular map, the male is grayed out.

The image can be rotated 360 degrees and up and down with the mouse. In Google Maps, arrows are integrated into the image to switch to the next or back to the previous panorama. Since a photo is taken about every ten meters, it is possible to virtually “drive” a route in Google Maps or Google Earth.

Cameras

Google used four types of street view cameras. Generations 1–, 2, 3, and 4 cameras were used to take photos in the United States. The first generation of cameras was quickly outdated. The second generation was used in Australia. The first, second, and third generation of street view cameras occasionally created visible shadows in images taken in the morning and evening. Recordings with fourth-generation cameras replace old recordings with images in almost HD quality.

In February 2010, Google carried the fourth generation of the Street View camera on a snowmobile to take pictures of the “Whistler Blackcomb Ski Slopes” for the Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver (Canada). In October 2011, Google started to record rail routes for Street View. The connection between Thusis via St. Moritz to Tirano is a UNESCO World Heritage Site , Google was supported in the project by the Rhaetian Railway .

In May 2017, Google started upgrading all Street View cameras.

Camera backpacks or street view-compatible panorama cameras can be borrowed free of charge for taking pictures for street view - also in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Organizations, companies and professional photographers as well as private individuals can use it to advertise culturally, historically or touristic places.

Availability

The service covers a large part of the country in the USA and has been available for parts of France , Japan , Italy , Spain , New Zealand and Australia since summer 2008 . The route of the Tour de France in 2008 was published three days before its launch on Google Street View.

The service has been available in the UK and the Netherlands since March 2009 . The cities of Rome , Milan , Florence and roads around Lake Como , with many small villages and towns, are already recorded and available.

On August 18, 2009 street views of the major Swiss regions of Geneva, Basel, Bern and Zurich as well as Lucerne , Winterthur and the Portuguese cities of Lisbon and Porto were published. In addition, Mexico City via Street View visible.

Denmark and Sweden were added on January 20, 2010, and Norway and Finland on February 9 . On March 11th, Hong Kong and Macau were added.

On June 8th, pictures from South Africa were published on the occasion of the Soccer World Cup 2010 . Street View for Romania was released on December 8th.

Recordings for Hungary became available in April 2013 and for Iceland in October. In 2014, the service for Austria was initially discontinued; however, since July 2017, Google has been recording images for Street View.

  • Countries where street view footage is available.
  • Countries for which street view images are partially available
  • Countries from which street view recordings are planned (official)
  • Countries from which street view recordings are planned (unofficial)
  • Countries that only have street-view views of museums

    • In 2015 almost all countries in the European Union, with the exception of Germany and Austria, were covered by Google Street View.

    Germany

    Google Streetview Art Car at CeBIT 2010
    Street view vehicles in Vienna
    Street view vehicle in Geneva
    A Google Street View tricycle, with, among others, the recordings in Adeje , Tenerife were made,

    From July 2008, Google recorded German streets in many cities and counties and published the locations where further recordings were planned.

    On August 10, 2010, Google announced that the map service would be provided for the 20 largest cities in Germany : Berlin, Bielefeld, Bochum, Bonn, Bremen, Dortmund, Dresden, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Hanover, Cologne , Leipzig, Mannheim, Munich, Nuremberg, Stuttgart and Wuppertal. Google advertised this in August 2010 with full-page ads in magazines , daily newspapers and regional newspapers .

    From August 17, 2010, you could apply to have your own house defaced before publication. This objection period ended on October 15, 2010. Objections are possible even after the publication of Street View.

    Google had the obscuration checked by TÜV Rheinland and received the TÜV Rheinland seal of approval. Google admitted that manual obscuration can occasionally lead to errors. In such cases, a repeated objection is possible, which the employee can process.

    As of November 2010, no images from Germany were available via Google Street View, as Google was in discussions with the Hamburg commissioner for data protection and freedom of information. Similar services were also planned or available for some German cities from other providers such as sightwalk , Navteq , Bing Maps .

    Although no images from Germany were initially available, according to Google, around one million views per day were made from Germany, more than any other country in which Street View was not offered.

    On November 2, 2010, streets in Germany were put online in Street View for the first time. In addition to well-known objects such as the Chancellery , the Victory Column or ten Bundesliga stadiums , the viewer was also able to virtually “go for a walk” in parts of the Bavarian town of Oberstaufen .

    Two weeks later, the 20 largest cities by population were put online. In total, there were 244,237 requests for obscuration that had to be processed before the start. These buildings appear irrevocably pixelated as Google has committed to deleting the raw data material.

    On April 10, 2011, Google announced that it would not expand or update the area covered by Street View in Germany.

    Since August 2017, Google's camera vehicles have been driving through Germany again. The recordings are not published, they are used to update city and street maps. Instead, the recordings from 2008 to 2010 will continue to be made available. This leads to effects sometimes referred to as "time travel" in the press, because reality has changed considerably since 2008 in many places.

    On October 20, 2019, Die Welt am Sonntag reported that talks were ongoing between Google and the Hamburg data protection authority to clarify the current legal situation. The discussion is whether the legal right to pixelation continues and whether another authority could be responsible in the meantime, since Google now has its European headquarters in Ireland. Therefore, further discussions with other offices are also planned. Apparently, after more than ten years in Germany, Google is planning to update its images or expand the Street View program.

    Austria

    In Austria , Google started the web service in 2008. In addition to the protection of privacy, data protection and other personal rights, there are particular concerns in Austria that “potential intruders could use these Internet services [note: StreetView and Norc] to scout out residential areas and accordingly choose their objects of intrusion” (BMI / Police).

    In 2010, the data protection authority brought about a pause in the imaging of the streets in Austria, but not because of the images themselves, but because of the data recorded via existing WLANs. An examination procedure ran from the end of May to the end of November of that year. A notification of conditions in December 2010 stipulated which restrictions Google must comply with in order to be allowed to continue the Street View recordings. Faces and license plates are automatically made unrecognizable, but the whole body would have to be pixelated in front of churches, hospitals or women's shelters, or private gardens that cannot be seen by strollers, which can be captured by the raised cameras, would have to be retouched. Since these requirements could not be met because they were technically not feasible, the company waived the service for Austria. Existing recordings were deleted according to the company, but in June 2015 a number of individual images were briefly connected to the network in Vienna. According to information from Google Austria, it was a mistake, there were recordings from 2009/10 that had never been put online at the time.

    Panoramic images of ski slopes in the Austrian ski areas of Ischgl and Sölden have been available on Google Street View since November 2012 . A few other special projects, in which data protection regulations can be complied with, such as at the Red Bull Ring in Spielberg or in the Vienna Austria stadium are offered.

    On July 10, 2017, Google Austria announced that from July 19, a special camera vehicle will take pictures in Austria, starting in Vienna, Graz and Linz. The service has been available online since July 2018.

    There have been enormous improvements since June 2020. In addition to the updates of the images in cities such as Vienna and Graz, some images of rural areas are also available.

    Switzerland

    In Switzerland , the greater areas around Basel , Zurich , Bern and the north and west banks of Lake Geneva were activated on August 18, 2009 . The motorways of some Alpine valleys ( Rhone Valley ) are recorded. In the week from October 11, 2010 to October 15, 2010, several recordings were made in the region of the major cities in order to later be able to provide the streets in the region on Google. Since 2010, sights (the Chateau de Prangins in Nyon , Laufen Castle , the Stockalper Castle in Brig , the Old Botanical Garden in Zurich, the Botanical Garden of the University of Zurich , the Papiliorama in Kerzers or the Parc de Valency ), ski areas ( Arosa , Davos , Corvatsch - Furtschellas , Gstaad , St. Moritz , Les Diablerets and Sedrun ) as well as the RhB train lines Albula and Bernina . From May 2013 further recordings took place in almost all regions of the country. These recordings were published on May 19, 2015. Large parts of Switzerland can now be viewed with Google Street View. In order to meet the guidelines of the Federal Supreme Court decision, however, individual street sections around sensitive buildings have been completely omitted. This creates isolated gaps, especially within cities, which cannot be filled for the time being due to the legal situation and the technical possibilities. It also covered hiking trails in different regions.

    France

    In France , the routes for the 2008 Tour de France were first published. Since the beginning of June 2011, Google Street View has been available nationwide in France. Some famous sights ( Versailles Palace , Chenonceau Palace etc.) are also included.

    Recordings at Disneyland Paris were made in autumn 2008, according to Google. Disney had opened the gates a little earlier for this. Google employees rode a special bike down some paths in the park and took photos for Street View. According to Google, this is the first part of a "Special Collection".

    United States

    Street View availability in the US

    The service already covers a large part of the road network in the USA , and almost all cities and national parks can be viewed online.

    The east coast of the US is approximately 90 to 98 percent covered. In the center of the country or in the desert region, the major cities and major interstate highways are available online. At least 88 percent of the public road network is covered on the west coast; The often spacious gated communities are not included . In Hawaii , much of the city of Honolulu, as well as the highways and some regions of the island of Oahu, are covered. On the island of Maui , the city of Kahului , Hawaii State Route 30 and smaller highways around and with Kīhei are available. In Alaska , barely 15 percent of the state is accessible, the city of Anchorage and the region around the city are partially covered. The highways and the state routes (as with the A-1 or the Dalton Highway ) that connect the south with the north are also partially online.

    South Pole and Antarctica

    After the first images of Antarctica were made available in Street View since September 2010 , Google made numerous other views available in July 2012. The focus is particularly on places of scientific and historical importance. These include, for example, the places of residence of the researchers Ernest Shackleton and Robert Falcon Scott , who played a key role in exploring Antarctica and the South Pole in the 20th century . Google counts Scott's hut as one of the special places on Street View that are collected in the World Wonders Project .

    Other countries and regions

    Thematic projects

    Special Attractions

    The Special Attractions is a special collection of the Street View Gallery, in which extraordinary attractions of the USA were included. This special collection should not be confused with the Special Collection , which includes Disneyland Paris, for example.

    attraction place
    Busch Gardens Africa Tampa, Florida
    Adventure Island Tampa, Florida
    Universal Orlando Resort Orlando, Florida
    Aquatica Orlando, Florida
    Busch Gardens Europe Williamsburg, Virginia
    Arastradero Open Space Preserve Palo Alto, California
    Boston University Boston, Massachusetts
    Hershey Park Hershey, Pennsylvania
    Legoland Carlsbad, California
    Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca Salinas, California
    Monterey Bay Coastal Bike Path Monterey, California
    San Diego State University San Diego, California
    Santa Monica Pier Santa Monica, California
    SeaWorld San Antonio San Antonio, Texas
    SeaWorld San Diego San Diego, California
    SeaWorld Orlando Orlando, Florida
    Thunderhill Raceway Park Willows, California

    Amazon basin

    In November 2011, Google started a project similar to Street View, in which the Amazon basin in northwestern Brazil was recorded. For this purpose, special camera boats as well as suitably equipped off-road vehicles were used for the rainforest and the bank areas. On March 21, 2012, the pictures, which were shot along a 40 km long strip of shore northwest of Manaus , were published. The suggestion for the recordings came from the FAS , an organization for the protection of the Amazon region. It is hoped that in this way, as many people as possible can be made aware of the ecological importance of the rainforest.

    Images of the planet Mars

    Using the photos that were taken by the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity , individual areas on the planet Mars can be displayed in 360-degree panoramic images from the observer's perspective.

    European Football Championship

    As part of the preparations for the 2012 European Football Championship , Google provided 360-degree panoramic images of all eight European Championship stadiums in Poland ( Warsaw , Poznan , Wroclaw , Gdansk ) and the Ukraine ( Kiev , Donetsk , Kharkiv , Lviv ) via Google Street View With the help of which fans could get an impression of the venues of the 16 participating teams.

    Google's data centers

    In October 2012, Google released various views of its data centers on Street View, including a server farm in Lenoir, North Carolina .

    Virtual mountain tours

    In March 2013, Google released various images of the Seven Summits , including Mount Everest and Kilimanjaro . The pictures were taken on the usual climbing routes and sometimes show other climbers and their camps.

    Time travel

    Since April 23, 2014 it has been possible to view street view images over time as a so-called time travel . This allows images of different seasons or building progress to be tracked in the same place.

    Data protection controversies

    Germany

    With Street View, three data protection problems (according to German law) can be distinguished:

    people

    First, the reception of people and second, the reception of private homes. The first problem has been solved, because since May 2008 the image material has been searched for the faces of passers-by and license plates with the help of special software and these have been made unrecognizable by soft focus . Google subjected all images to this procedure. Because this is an automated process, there may be times when faces or license plates are not completely defaced, or areas are treated that show neither a face nor a license plate. Untreated faces or license plates or areas that have not been falsely made illegible can be forwarded to the operator using the help function.

    Private houses and streets

    The problem of recording private houses and apartments in Germany in particular continues to be a controversial issue. In the classic legal comments on the Federal Data Protection Act (BDSG), the problem is only dealt with in detail in the practical comment by Bergmann, Möhrle and Herb. They come to the conclusion that the admissibility must be checked on the basis of Section 28 Paragraph 1 Sentence 1 No. 3 BDSG and "at least in the case of single-family or smaller multi-family houses or homesteads" the storage and retrieval of these house facades according to Section 28 Paragraph 1 sentence 1 no. 3 BDSG is inadmissible.

    In Germany in September 2008 there was opposition to the registration of the streets of the municipality of Molfsee .

    The data protection officer of Schleswig-Holstein , Thilo Weichert , rejected the project as inadmissible in an initial legal assessment at the beginning of October 2008. In mid-November 2008, the Düsseldorfer Kreis came to the conclusion that the project could not be forbidden, but that faces, license plates and house numbers had to be veiled and that all those affected had to be informed in good time that they could object to the publication of data concerning them at any time. The Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV) has published a downloadable sample letter.

    At the end of April 2010, Google and the BMELV agreed on an improved data protection regulation. According to this, Street View should only start after considering all objections in Germany. Collective applications from cities and municipalities are accepted by Google; to simplify the objection procedure, Google wanted to develop a procedure together with the German Association of Cities .

    In 2019, in a decision not related to Google Street View, the European Court of Human Rights came to the conclusion that photos of houses do not violate personal rights. The ECHR thus confirmed the previous decision of the OLG Cologne and a non-acceptance decision of the BVerfG.

    WLAN data acquisition

    The survey of WLAN parameters and their position for use in Google's services for WLAN-based location has led to criticism. In response to a request from the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection , Google admitted in May 2010 that it had collected more than the previously published WLAN data. In addition to the WLAN parameters published in April, content was recorded. This was called illegal by data protectionists and heavily criticized. In April 2013, the responsible data protection authority in Hamburg issued a fine against Google.

    Others

    In May 2010, supporters of Street View spoke up, saying that a planned amendment to the Federal Data Protection Act , according to which owners and tenants of systematically collected and geo-referenced Internet offers may demand that the house images be made unrecognizable, saw the freedom of panorama being undermined . The German Association of Journalists emphasized that the rights of photo journalists must be protected. Konrad Lischka criticized on Spiegel Online that German politicians neglected binding, stricter control and sanction rules as in the Safe Harbor Agreement , instead they overbid themselves with demands for stricter regulation of spatial data services . The Haus & Grund association feared a wave of lawsuits, as it could lead to competitive disadvantages in the real estate market and any tenant can apply for pixelation without proof of ownership. According to Google, the company repeatedly received complaints from users that the pictures of German streets were so old.

    In the run-up to the German activation, the blogger Sascha Lobo published a form for contradicting contradiction , which he said was not legally established . It is in the context of homeowners and residents and traders who expressly want their facade to remain visible in the Google service, for example because of an assumed advertising purpose. This is primarily intended for cases in which this wish stands against the wishes of other, unrecognizable third parties. In the public discussion it was stated that the contradiction of individual claimants against a representation in Street View and thus contrary to the right to panorama freedom applicable in Germany for the general public should ultimately have a rather negative signal effect for the respectively suppressed object, which remained an isolated opinion.

    Demands from privacy advocates that objections to the publication of photos of the houses for the community photos from Panoramio , Flickr and similar web services integrated in Google Maps must apply, Google rejected. The Street View product manager Andreas Türk said: "We will not operate any censorship on user-generated content ." The images from the photo communities are freely available online, Google only shows them in Street View, like the Google Search third party websites available on the Internet.

    After the start of the service, the action Verschollene Häuser initiated by the web activist Jens Best called for people to take photos of houses whose facades had been made unrecognizable, and then to make these images accessible via the Panoramio service using coordinates on Google Maps and Google Earth do. In November 2010, eggs were thrown at houses in the Bergerhausen district of Essen whose facades were pixelated on Google Street View.

    Google does not plan to take any new photos in Germany and refers to the current legal situation as a reason. Nevertheless, vehicles drive through Germany for Google, with the aim of improving the Google Maps map service .

    Switzerland

    The first problems with data protection arose just one day after the publication in Switzerland. On August 21, 2009, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner, Hanspeter Thür , asked Google to deactivate the Street View online service for Switzerland, as several faces and license plates (black: “license plates”) were not made illegible and thus the agreed agreements for the protection of privacy by Google were not complied with. In November 2009, Thür filed a lawsuit with the Federal Administrative Court to enforce his claims. In December 2009, Thür and Google agreed that Google could continue the recordings but not publish them until the court ruling is available. The Federal Administrative Court ruled on March 30, 2011 that Google Street View violated people's privacy and thus against Swiss law. The court has approved five out of six recommendations by the data protection officer:

    • Google must ensure that the images are only published in Street View if faces and license plates are made completely unrecognizable.
    • Google has to ensure that the anonymity of people in the area of ​​sensitive institutions is preserved, especially in front of women's shelters , old people's homes, prisons, schools, social authorities, guardianship authorities, courts and hospitals. It is important to blur “in addition to the faces also other individualizing features such as skin color, clothing, aids of the physically disabled person”.
    • Google must ensure that private areas, such as enclosed courtyards or gardens, are not recorded on image carriers and that existing images of this type are removed from Street View.
    • Google had to inform at least a week in advance of the cities and villages in which recordings would be made in the following week.
    • One week before going online, Google had to inform which villages and cities were going to be activated.

    Google moved the verdict to the federal court in May 2011 . Google announced: If the judgment of the Federal Administrative Court were upheld by the Federal Supreme Court, Google would have to discontinue the service in Switzerland, as the requirements are unrealistic due to practical and technological hurdles and therefore cannot be met.

    Japan

    Google Japan had to act under government pressure for insufficient censorship . The street view cameras therefore had to be lowered by 40 centimeters. In May 2009, Google Japan again made trips with the lowered cameras. There were complaints because there were glimpses into apartments. From the beginning, Google gave people the opportunity to file complaints and requests to delete content directly. But this was not enough for the Japanese Ministry of Interior and Communication . In August it asked Google Japan to step up its privacy protection efforts. The Ministry of Communications has demanded that Google must in future publicly announce where and when the recording vehicle for the panoramic images will be driven through. The local authorities and the affected residents must be notified via an information brochure before a Street View photo is taken. Such a brochure must clearly state how the images can be deleted. In addition, they must give people who do not have an Internet connection the opportunity to file their complaints against unauthorized Street View recording as easily as possible. Google Japan has already set up a call center for this.

    There are also complaints about secondary uses of Street View images on third party websites. Google had to promise a remedy by reporting the relevant victims directly to Google in the future. If the offense of defamation or harassment is given, Google must request the administrator of the website concerned to remove the images immediately. If the administrator refuses, the website will be blocked in the Google search. Japan is the first of nine street view countries to address the issue of secondary use.

    United States

    During the recording drives for Street View, Google accidentally recorded the data traffic of unprotected wireless networks. Among other things, e-mails, Internet addresses and even passwords could be found in this WLAN data. In March 2013, Google agreed with the attorneys-general of 38 US states to pay a fine of seven million US dollars. Google also promised to completely destroy the data collection.

    copyright

    The image material from Google Maps is subject to Google's copyright and may not be used by private individuals or companies if Google's license terms are not strictly observed. For example, a private person using an image or a section from Google Maps or Google Earth must leave the Google logo in this image in order not to violate the license agreement. In addition, approval is required in most cases.

    Additional services

    Google Maps for Mobile

    The street view images and maps from Google Maps can be viewed on cell phones or PDAs . Google Maps with Street View up to and including iOS 5 was already installed on devices with Apple iOS . Google Maps is preinstalled on many Android devices, but can also be obtained from the Google Play Store. In addition to the two special versions for iOS and Android, there is a Java- based version that is compatible with Windows Mobile , Symbian and Palm OS . The software can either be installed manually by downloading or automatically by recognizing the mobile phone. From 2013 to 2016, the service was under the name Wii U Street on the Wii U from Nintendo available.

    In October 2012, Google finally made it possible to use Street View directly in the web browser without installing an additional application , provided it supports HTML5 or Adobe Flash . As soon as users are at a location for which a three-dimensional view is available, Google Maps signals this with an additional symbol. After tapping on this, the street view display opens. Compared to the desktop version, only the zoom function is not available.

    Integration into your own pages

    Google offers a programming interface (API) with which you can integrate Google Street View and Google Maps into your own pages. A key is required for integration that authorizes your own pages to send requests to the Google Maps server. This can be obtained from Google free of charge. The API offers many options for configuring the 360 ​​° panoramic images on your own page, for example a zoom bar can be displayed, or the pixel dimensions of the maps can be defined in the code.

    An example of this integration is the browser game GeoGuessr , in which the player is shown a random panorama from Google Street View. The player now has to use the clues that the picture gives him to find out where this photo was taken.

    See also

    Web links

     Wikinews: Google  - in the news
    Commons : Google Street View  - collection of images, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

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    2. ^ Dan Ratner, Senior Mechanical Engineer: Street View: We can trike wherever you like. In: Official Google Blog. October 16, 2009, accessed March 25, 2017 .
    3. ↑ Steiger Legal: Google Street View collides with data protection , accessed on June 22, 2015
    4. ↑ Street View Treks: Grand Canyon - Info - Google Maps. Retrieved March 25, 2017 .
    5. ↑ Street View FAQ: Data collected by Google cars. April 27, 2010. Retrieved March 25, 2017 .
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    27. ↑ Rheinische Post of August 14, 2010 on page A5. The page contains the same text as here. ( Memento from August 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
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    31. ↑ Google sets a four-week deadline for objections to Street View , AFP. August 11, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2010. 
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    34. ↑ Stefan Krempl and Andreas Wilkens: Microsoft is preparing to launch Bing Streetside in Germany . In: heise online , November 26, 2010. 
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    37. ↑ Google Street View: 20 German cities online , Süddeutsche Zeitung. November 18, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2010. 
    38. ^ Jens Ihlenfeld: Street photos: Google Street View started in Germany . In: Golem.de , November 18, 2010. Retrieved March 25, 2017. 
    39. ^ Matt McGee: Google Has Stopped Street View Photography In Germany . April 10, 2011. 
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    41. ↑ tagesschau.de: Outdated photos: Google Street View - like a journey through time. Accessed November 6, 2018 (German).
    42. ↑ Frederik Bombosch: 360-degree images: Google shows Berlin that no longer exists . In: Berliner Zeitung . ( berliner-zeitung.de [accessed on November 6, 2018]).
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