Multiplex cinema

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Multiplex cinema ( multiple cinema , derived from the Latin multiplico ), also called multiplex or multiplex cinema center for short , is the name for a large cinema with several halls in which diverse (Latin multiplex ) film programs can be shown in parallel .

construction

Characteristic of multiplex cinemas are large screens and an arena-like structure of the halls with steep seating arrangements. Such a cinema usually has a few thousand seats and a large number of entertainment facilities, such as cafes, bars, but also shops.

history

The world's first multiplex cinema opened in 1979 with 18 screens in Toronto . In 1985 such a cinema was realized for the first time in Europe 70 kilometers from London by United Cinemas International (UCI). In 1988 the largest multiplex cinema to date was built in Brussels with 25 halls and 7,000 seats. The Kinepolis Brussels claims to be the first real multiplex in the world. The world's largest multiplex cinema is currently likely to be the AMC Ontario Mills in Ontario California , which is equipped with 30 screens.

UCI also opened the first multiplex cinema in Germany in October 1990 in Hürth near Cologne. As early as 1991, further multiplex cinemas followed in the Ruhr-Park shopping center in Bochum , the Cinedom in Mediapark Cologne and the Cinemaxx cinemas in Hanover and Essen .

The multiplex cinema replaced the box cinema of the 1970s . In 2001, South Korea was the country with the highest proportion of multiplex cinemas in the overall cinema market. 95.2 percent of all cinemas in South Korea were multiplex cinemas that year. The South Korean market is dominated by the three multiplex cinema chains CJ CGV , Lotte Cinema and Megabox. Japan , Spain and the USA also have multiplex cinemas in excess of 80 percent.

Multiplex cinemas in individual countries

Germany

The Cinedom in Cologne

Well-known multiplex cinema chains in Germany are the market leader Cinestar as well as Cinemaxx , UCI Kinowelt or Kinopolis . Cineplex is an umbrella organization that gives many medium-sized companies a name.

By the year 2000 the number of multiplexes in Germany rose to a total of 128. These have an average of nine canvases.

The market share of multiplex cinemas in Germany is increasing steadily. From 1996 to 2005 the audience share rose from approx. 15% to 47%, the share of total cinema sales rose from 17% to 50% in the same period.

The currently largest multiplex cinema in Germany is the Cinemaxx in Essen with 5067 seats in 16 halls. For comparison: The largest cinema of the silent film era, the New York Roxy Theater , held over 6200 visitors with just one room. The once largest German and largest European cinema, the Ufa-Palast Hamburg , had 2665 seats with just one room. The currently largest cinema in Germany can also be found in Essen, in the Lichtburg , with 1250 seats.

The currently largest multiplex cinemas in Germany:

  1. Cinemaxx Essen with 5067 seats in 16 halls
  2. Cinecittà Nuremberg with 4872 seats in 23 halls
  3. Mathäser -Filmpalast Munich with 4283 seats in 14 halls
  4. Ufa-Palast Stuttgart with 4238 seats in 13 halls
  5. Cinedom Cologne with 3748 seats in 14 halls
  6. Kinopolis Main-Taunus-Zentrum in Sulzbach with 3734 seats in 12 halls
  7. Cinestar Dortmund with 3702 seats in 14 halls
  8. Cinemaxx Potsdamer Platz in Berlin with 3539 seats in 19 halls
  9. Cinestar Metropolis Frankfurt am Main with 3495 seats in 12 halls
  10. Cinestar Kassel with 3390 seats in 13 halls
  11. Cinemaxx Mülheim with 3359 seats in 11 halls
  12. UCI Ruhr-Park Bochum with 3354 seats in 14 halls
  13. Cinestar Kristall-Palast in Bremen with 3341 seats in 11 halls
  14. Cinemaxx Kiel with 3090 seats in 10 halls
  15. Cinespace Bremen with 3074 seats in 11 halls

Switzerland

Pathé in Dietlikon
  1. Pathé Balexert , Geneva with 2712 seats in 13 halls
  2. Arena Cinemas, Zurich with 2600 seats in 18 halls
  3. Pathé Westside, Bern with 2432 seats in 11 halls
  4. Pathé Dietlikon with 2309 seats in 10 halls
  5. Pathé Küchlin, Basel with 2300 seats in 8 halls
  6. Abaton, Zurich with 2290 seats in 12 halls
  7. Maxx, Emmenbrücke with 2206 seats in 8 halls
  8. Pathé Flon, Lausanne with 1944 seats in 7 halls
  9. Cinedome, Abtwil with 1865 seats in 8 halls
  10. Kinepolis, Schaffhausen with 1500 seats in 8 halls
  11. Cinema 8, Schöftland with 1213 seats in 5 halls
  12. Pathé les Galeries, Lausanne with 1074 seats in 8 rooms

Austria

The largest (multiplex) cinema in Austria is the UCI Kinowelt "Millennium City" ( Millennium Tower complex) in Vienna, with 21 halls and 3524 seats. The largest cinema chain, with 17 multiplex cinemas and 13 other single or multi-room cinemas, is the Cineplexx chain owned by Constantin Film-Holding .

Belgium

The largest cinema chains in Belgium are called Kinepolis and UGC. Kinepolis operates two very large multiplex cinemas, each with 25 halls and around 7,000 seats, in Brussels and Antwerp.

Luxembourg

There are two multiplex cinemas in Luxembourg:

Czech Republic

There are 29 multiplex cinemas in the Czech Republic, which have a turnover share of 72% of the Czech cinema market (2014). A cinema in Prague closed at the end of November 2008 as the first and only multiplex cinema in the Czech Republic.

Spain

  • Kinepolis (Kinépolis Madrid Ciudad de la Imagen) Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid) with 25 halls and a total of 9200 seats.
  • Kinepolis (Kinépolis Valencia) Heron City Shopping Center in Paterna (Valencia) with 24 halls and a total of 8194 seats.
  • Cinesa (Cinesa Parc Vallès) in Tarrasa / Terrassa (Barcelona) with 24 halls and a total of 5276 seats.

See also

literature

  • Alfons Maria Arns: Public Cinema - The cinema between multiplex and movie theater. In: film-dienst, vol. 59, H. 5, March 2, 2006, pp. 6-10.
  • Alfons Maria Arns: Experience - Communication - Consumption. Ten years of multiplex cinemas in Germany. In: Die alte Stadt, Vol. 28, H. 3, 2001, pp. 247–261
  • Alfons Maria Arns: "... no rococo castle for Buster Keaton" - On the history of large cinemas. In: cinema experience. Irmbert Schenk (ed.). Marburg: Schüren 2000, 15–33.
  • Alfons Maria Arns. Window to the world. About the architecture and design of the multiplex cinemas. In: horizon. Marketing, Advertising and Media Newspaper, No. 36, September 4, 1997.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Multiplex: Die neue Kinopaläste nrw.de
  2. ↑ http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,288207,00.html
  3. ^ Dal Yong Jin: Transnational Korean Cinema. Cultural Politics, Film Genres, and Digital Technologies . Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick 2020, ISBN 978-1-978807-88-4 , pp. 57 .
  4. ↑ Essen cinema halls
  5. ↑ Information. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .