Music of Croatia

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Croatia has a very rich musical tradition. Folklore music varies from region to region and canmean something completely differentfor people in Slavonia than for people on the Dalmatian Adriatic coast .

In the times of the former Yugoslavia , many of the pop musicians and groups came from Croatia. The then "Radio-televizija Zagreb" also often provided the Yugoslav participant for the Eurovision Song Contest .

Today Croatian music is heard all over Southeastern Europe from Slovenia to Bosnia and Herzegovina to Serbia and Montenegro and sometimes even in Slovakia and the Czech Republic .

Classical music

As early representatives of Croatian classical music, baroque composers from the then Italian-influenced Adriatic coast such as B. Ivan Lukačić and Vinko Jelić viewed.

Important composers of classical music in today's Croatia are Davorin Kempf and Ivo Josipović .

see list of Croatian composers of classical music and music of Yugoslavia # Classical music

Traditional folk music

Tamburica music

Tamburica music originally comes from the eastern part of Croatia , from Slavonia . The unmistakable, characteristic, Slavonian folk music is based on a small orchestra with various string instruments , which can be used for any type of event with its music and folk singing. However, tamburica groups can be found all over Croatia. Since the last century, many tamburica groups have also played masses in the church . Basically, this is relaxed, happy music, which translates people's everyday problems into music and to which everyone is invited to sing along. In Croatia it is very common to sing old, well-known folk songs together on certain occasions. A tamburica group basically consists of the following instruments, of which the larger ones resemble the guitar and the smaller ones the mandolin :

Tamburica groups usually appear in the national costumes of the region from which they come. Every place in Croatia has its own costume. These costumes also vary in the nature of the fabrics they are made of. Most of them are colorful robes. Costumes from Dalmatia or Podravina differ from Pannonian-Slavonian costumes. (Note: The Slavonian costumes can be easily distinguished from the Hungarian ones, as no leather boots are worn in Croatian women's costumes .)

Often times, tamburica orchestras are accompanied by a violin, an accordion or, in rare cases, a clarinet. Purists are skeptical of these mixed groups, but it must be taken into account that additional instruments have been included since the emergence of tamburica orchestras and thus find their justification. The trembling movement of the hand (Croatian trzanje, tremolo ) with which the strings are played (using a plectrum ) gives the folk tamburica music its very peculiar, slightly lively and typically Croatian character.

Typically, tamburica groups often perform with dance groups. For this, five to six tamburica musicians are sufficient, who accompany the rhythmic, rhythmic and emotional dances. The most famous dance from Croatia is called Kolo (circle, in German dance dance ) , in which the dancers (women and men) hold hands and dance in a circle. It is particularly interesting to watch the dancers' steps, which, when danced in a larger group, creates an impressive image. Usually a story is told with a dance (harvest, wedding, etc.) .

The tradition of the Croatian tamburica orchestra is also carefully cultivated abroad. Among other things, Croatian tamburica orchestras can often be found in the Austrian Burgenland , as a Croatian minority lives there. Tamburica groups can now be found around the world, especially in areas where Croats have settled.

Klapa singing

→ See main article: Klapa

On the coast of Croatia (Istria, Primorje and Dalmatia ), so-called Klapa groups appear on special occasions . These are polyphomous vocal groups, originally purely male groups, who can create a very special atmosphere with their well-practiced voices. Klapa music is to be treated like classical music and requires extremely good practice. The songs vary greatly in intonation, often begin completely quietly and experience numerous increases in volume or pitch over the course of the song. The music practically pulls listeners under a spell of attentive listening and can arouse deep feelings.

Klapa groups consist of a group of men or women, less often of mixed sex. Each member of the group has a different pitch, which is a very closed tone structure.

Every summer a famous Klapa competition is held in Omiš , Dalmatia .

Music of Istria

The folk music of Istria differs markedly from the folk music styles of the rest of Croatia. This is particularly due to the pentatonic Istrian scale (Croatian: Istarska ljestvica ), which consists of pure small and large seconds. Another characteristic is the two voices, in which the intervals of untempered sixths and thirds alternate with octaves and unison.

The most characteristic musical instrument in Istria and the neighboring Adriatic islands is the sopila , a shawm similar to the bombarde , which is characterized by a piercing and loud sound. The tuning of this instrument follows the Istrian scale.

The high Mala Sopila has the following mood:

(Dis) EFG As b ces

The low Vela Sopila , on the other hand, is tuned as follows:

Double lower C Dis EFG As

Istrian music is often performed purely vocal, mostly by singing duos, using the same scales.

Due to the unusual scale and the peculiar two voices, traditional Istrian music not only appears very archaic to most other Europeans, but often also crooked.

The most famous Sopila player in Croatia is Dario Marušić . In addition to traditional instrumentation, Marušić also went on excursions in the area of crossover and mixed techno elements with Istrian folk music.

Other folk traditions

see also: Turbo-Folk (a newfangled phenomenon in the Croatian music scene)

Folklore events

The largest tamburica folklore festival takes place every summer in Požega ( Slavonia ).

inspiration

Joseph Haydn is said to have been inspired by the Croatian folk song "Stal se jesem" when composing the melody of the " Kaiserhymne " (Gott preserve Franz, the Kaiser), which later became the German national anthem as the Deutschlandlied .

media

Since 2005, the world's largest music television broadcaster, MTV , has also been involved in Southeastern Europe. MTV Adria was a young, transnational project with the goal of promoting urban music from all countries in Southeast Europe. The station could be received unencrypted via satellite (Amos1 4W) in Europe or via cable in Slovenia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia and Montenegro . The moderators came from all of the countries mentioned. Some of the contributions were presented with subtitles. At midnight on January 1, 2018, MTV Adria was switched off, and the slots are now showing MTV Europe. There is also the Croatian Music Channel (CMC).

Web links

See also