Dalmatian coast

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The steep coast of the Makarska Riviera with Biokovo

The Dalmatian coast (Croatian Dalmatinsko primorje or Dalmatinska obala ) comprises the east coast of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia south of the Kvarner Bay to the Bay of Kotor with the offshore islands. It is part of the historical region of Dalmatia . The Montenegrin coast begins to the south of the Dalmatian coast , to the north the Kvarner Bay and Istria .

The numerous Dalmatian islands are in front of the almost 400 km long coast . Like the Dalmatian coast, the archipelago belongs to the Dinaric Orogenic . The coast is the classic example of the canal coast with its numerous, mostly elongated islands and the sea streets in between .

The cliffs are characterized by the geological structure of Mesozoic limestone and karstification . Communication with the hinterland ( Kninska krajina , Dalmatinska zagora and Herzegovina ) is difficult due to the steeply towering coastal chains of the Dinarides ( Mosor , Biokovo , Snežnica ) . Only one significant river, the Neretva , reaches the coast from the Central Dinarides, and only two other permanent rivers are formed ( Krka , Cetina ).

In addition to the larger port cities of Zadar and Split , the former mercantile Mediterranean ports of Dalmatia are particularly known for their typical cityscape. The unique cityscape of Dubrovnik is a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

location

The Dalmatian coast stretches for almost 400 km between Molat ( 44 ° 14 'N , North Dalmatian Islands) and Prevlaka ( 42 ° 24' N , Bay of Kotor ).

Regionalization

The Dalmatian coast is divided into the north, central and south Dalmatian coast. The North Dalmatian coast often refers to the Kvarner archipelago, which strictly speaking does not belong to the Dalmatian coast. Central Dalmatia occupies the main part of the Dalmatian coast. This extends from Zadar to about the Neretva estuary. The Pelješac peninsula with the coastline around Dubrovnik and the Konavle then forms southern Dalmatia .

Archipelagos

Kornati islands

The Kornati archipelago consists of practically unpopulated, mostly deforested islands. The largest island in the archipelago is Dugi otok .

Central Dalmatian Islands

The central Dalmatian islands include Brač , Korčula , Hvar , Lastovo and Vis as well as some smaller islands. These islands are partly forested and populated. Jabuka is of volcanic origin and the furthest from the coast is Palagruža .

Elaphites

The South Dalmatian islands lie between the Pelješac peninsula and Dubrovnik. They are sparsely populated and of smaller size; the most important is Mljet .

geomorphology

The Dalmatian coast is a typical steep coast. Cliffs of over 300 m, for example, characterize the section south of Cavtat , and mega-cliffs of almost 1000 m high separate the coastal strip from the hinterland on the Makarska Riviera .

The Dalmatian Islands were formed by the post-glacial ingression of the Adriatic. These are flooded ridges and ridges of the Dinarides. Its NW-SE strike direction, which corresponds to the Dinaric, is characteristic. Due to neotectonic activity, the Dalmatian coast is a well-known earthquake area . In particular around Dubrovnik there are catastrophic earthquakes, which historically have already reached intensities of X – XI ° to Mercalli (see Dubrovnik earthquake 1667 ).

Due to the structure of the Dalmatian coast from lithologically solid limestone, it belongs to the Dinaric Karst. With a stronger soil development, which has recently been characterized by terra fusca and fossil terra rossa , the sinkholes are missing here . Small karst forms of carts as well as karst chimneys ( jamen ) and dry valleys are typical . Due to the underground runoff in the karst groundwater, there are numerous submarine springs (the Ombla spring is one of the most heavily pouring karst springs on earth).

climate

The climate of Dalmatia is characterized by the subtropical location and the telluric factors of the Adriatic Sea and the Dinaric Alps, which hinder the west wind drift. A winter rain rhythm is typical for related Mediterranean regions. The amounts of precipitation are among the highest in the Mediterranean, but the largest precipitation gradient in Europe of over 3000 mm, between the semi-desert island of Palagruža (200 mm annual precipitation) and the perhumid coastal chains of the Dinarides, with well over 3000 mm of precipitation per year, recorded.

station	period	Height [m]	I.	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII	I-XII [mm]
Dubrovnik	1931-1960	49	147	113	102	92	79	60	24	38	97	156	213	186	1307

* Average monthly rainfall in Dubrovnik (1931–1961) (Source: HMZJ - Godisnjak Hidrometeoroloskog zaveza Jugoslavije)

The average annual temperature in Dalmatia is between 14 and 16 ° C and even in winter it only occasionally falls below 0 ° C. The ventilation modifications are of particular interest as the eastern Adriatic coast is severely affected by boragen winds . These cold downwinds associated with mountain waves sometimes blow for several weeks in winter and can reach peak gusts of 250 km / h. The other major wind on the Dalmatian coast is the Jugo . This is associated with heavy rainfall and tropical humidity and, like the bora, can reach wind strengths that correspond to category 2 of hurricanes .

colonization

The old town of Hvar and the Elaphites

The Dalmatian coast is relatively densely populated. Of the islands, only the larger ones are permanently inhabited and the population has continued to decline.

Among the cities, Zadar , Šibenik , Split and Dubrovnik are the most important.

The inhabitants of the Dalmatian coast are mostly Croatians .

literature

• Borivoje Milojević: Dinarsko primorje i ostrva u našoj kraljevini (“The Dinaric coast and the islands in our kingdom”). Srpska kraljevska akademija, Belgrade 1933.
• MM Yoshino et al .: Bora Regions as revealed by wind-shaped trees on the adriatic coast. In: MM Yoshino (Ed.): Local wind Bora. University of Tokyo press, Tokyo 1976, pp. 59-74.

credentials

1. ^ Weischet, W .: Regional climatology. Part 2: The Old World: Europe, Africa, Asia. (2000) with Wilfried Endlicher
2. ↑ Hidrometeoroloski zavod CG, December 18, 2008 NAJJAČI UDAR VJETRA U CRNOJ GORI  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.