Museum of Narodowe Rolnictwa i Przemysłu Rolno-Spożywczego
The Muzeum Narodowe Rolnictwa i Przemysłu Rolno-Spożywczego (German: National Museum of Agriculture and the Agricultural Food Industry ) in Szreniawa is Poland's largest museum on agricultural and food-related topics. It is located near the city of Poznan , on the edge of the Wielkopolski National Park, and has been the only National Agricultural Museum in Poland since 1975. The approximately 120,000 square meter facility (without integrated museums elsewhere) is one of the largest museums of its kind in Europe.
history
Today's museum is located on the site of the former farm estate. Szreniawa was originally owned by the Poznan bishops. In 1848 ( province of Posen ) the German Herrmann (sometimes also referred to as Leonhard) Bierbaum acquired the property from the owner at the time, Antonina Potocka, and named it Marienberg.
A stately mansion with a park (see below) as well as a spacious manor with attached production units were built under Bierbaum. Stables and barns surrounded an approximately 700 square meter farm yard. The granaries with a passage were built with an unplastered, two-tone brick facade. The passage leads into another depot, which, among other things, served the distillery here . The entire manor was placed under monument protection on May 27, 1999 with the designation 9 / Wlkp .
After the First World War , the property was renamed Marzenin. As a result, the lawyer Józef Glabisz (1880–1935) took over the estate and in 1920 his family moved into the mansion built by Bierbaum. In 1921 the village was renamed again - Szreniawa. After Glabisz's death, his son Władysław took over the farm in 1935. During the Second World War the property was under German administration ( Wartheland ) and was called Maertensberg. After the end of the war the farm was nationalized and a blacksmithing school for the Polish army was established. As a result, the company became part of the combine of state farms in Konarzewo .
The Agricultural Museum opened here on August 29, 1964. In 1975 it was elevated to the status of a national museum. As a result, five specialty museums were placed in the area (see below).
Today the Szreniawa facility is the Central Museum of Poland in the field of agriculture and processing of agricultural products. The museum exhibits exhibits from Greater Poland and other regions of Poland. In addition to the collection and recording of exhibits, the museum's statutes also provide for the scientific processing and conservation of the collection. The museum organizes permanent and special exhibitions. At events, visitors are not only informed about agricultural development in Poland, but also about related historical topics such as handcraft, culture and village coexistence.
Collections
The museum in Szreniawa has around 21,000 exhibits, which are shown in permanent or special exhibitions or are kept in warehouses. Some permanent exhibitions are set up in the outdoor area of the museum, including stationary steam engines, large machines for sugar production and large agricultural equipment as well as other vehicles. The indoor exhibitions are housed in historical buildings as well as in some pavilions built in the past decades - especially in the former manor park. The collections show rural handicrafts, agriculture and agricultural industry from the Middle Ages to the end of the 20th century.
A large group of the exhibits concern traditional agricultural tools from the different regions of Poland. These include forks, spades, lifting devices, agitator plows, rake plows and other types of plows. Special features among the agricultural implements are an iron plow of the “Wrzesiński” type from around 1880, a swinging plow from 1870, a screw plow from the second half of the 19th century and a “record” plow made by the Poznan mechanical engineering company H. Cegielski in Was awarded a prize by a German Chamber of Agriculture in 1914 .
The museum has three historic traction engines by A. Heucke and Kemna from 1913 and 1927, which were used for plowing, as well as a pendulum plow. A nearly hundred-year-old wooden wheelbarrow for sowing and a fertilizer seed drill based on the Garrett system are rare . Another extraordinary exhibit is a horse-drawn sheaf tying device from Massey-Harris from 1895. A 1: 1 scale model of the McCormick threshing machine from 1831 was built in 1931 on the occasion of the centenary and is now in the museum's possession.
An important collection of scythes and sickles has been taken over from the Fiat factory in Bielsko-Biała . These are products from the discontinued “Starobielska” scythe factory ( Starobielska Fabryka Kos ) from Wapienica plus devices from foreign (mainly Austrian) manufacturers. The core of the collection is made up of harvest scythes and special scythes for cutting grass and rushes in fish ponds. A documentary film (“The last scythe forge”) on scythe making in the “Starobielska” factory is also on offer.
The collection on the topic of grain threshing is extensive. Various threshing machines as well as some combine harvesters from Polish manufacturers (e.g. from Wacław Moritz from Lublin , H. Cegielski from Poznań and Unia - formerly August Ventzki - from Grudziądz ) and foreign machine builders are shown. There is also a copy of the 1958 Russian S-4 combine harvester produced in Poland in the museum .
The technical development of tractors is documented on various products from Ursus SA and Heinrich Lanz AG . Further tractors of American, Czech and Polish manufacture (such as Zetor and Fordson ) are shown. Old Göpel works are also part of the inventory.
Noteworthy are the steam-powered agricultural machines on display and the stationary steam engines from Polish and German production. B. were used in distilleries. The oldest machine of this type shown comes from a distillery in Objezierze ; it was made in 1868 by H. Cegielski in Poznan.
There are also extensive collections of equipment and machines from the fields of plant care , melioration , fertilization, root crop processing (manual and mechanical), plant sorting, plant cleaning and plant protection. The exhibits on display include plant protection aircraft of type PZL-101 , PZL M18 Dromader , CSS 13 and PZL-106 .
Works of art
A collection of works of art includes paintings, graphics, sculptures and handicrafts. The represented artists worked from the 18th to the 20th century. Rural life is thematically treated. The oldest works come from artists such as Aleksander Orłowski , Johann Elias Ridinger or Wojciech Gerson . Other works were created by Jan Stanisławski , Julian Fałat , Bronisław Olszewski , Wincenty Wodzinowski , Kazimierz Sichulski , Zofia Stryjeńska , Leon Wyczółkowski , Józef Chełmonski , Jan Szancenbach , Alfred Lenica and Maria Dawska .
Library
The museum's holdings also include an extensive specialist library and a research archive. The approximately 33,000 works on display relate primarily to agricultural and economic history, animal husbandry and husbandry, food technology, ethnography and art. The collection of incunabula prints from the 16th to 18th centuries is important. The research archive contains, among other things, handwritten files and typewritten manuscripts from the 17th to 20th centuries. This includes documents on the purchase and sale of land, notarial and judicial documents, diplomas and certificates as well as historical village maps and property plans. Furthermore, collections of photos, slides, films and postcards are kept.
Mansion
The manor house, known as the castle, was built in the 1850s by the Berlin architect Carl Heinrich Eduard Knoblauch (1801–1865) for the German owner of the then “Marienberg” farm, Herrmann Bierbaum. The three-storey building in the eclectic style is located in a park and has entrances from the north, east and south. The mansion with a hipped roof , standing on a square floor plan, has gable-crowned central projections on the entrance sides. The gables have a staircase facade .
After a change of ownership, the listed building has been used as a museum since 1964; In 1977 it became the property of the National Museum. After a complete renovation in 2010, the manor house now houses an exhibition on life on a Wielkopolska manor in the 20th century. Rooms were furnished with furniture from different eras. Some souvenirs of the Glabisz family are also presented (certificates, photos, household items).
The park with a size of 5.6 hectares is lined with plane trees and today contains a collection of copper and stone busts of personalities from agricultural history and the peasant movement. In the park there are also pavilions with the museum collections and a beehive collection .
About 600 meters east of the manor house - already in the national park - is the Bierbaum Tower , which was built around 1860 and is now used as a lookout tower and exhibition room for the development of the region.
Other departments
In addition to the Central Museum in Szreniawa, five nearby special museums on agriculture and forestry are also run from here:
- Muzeum Przyrodniczo-Łowieckie (Environment and Hunting Museum) in Uzarzewo (since 1977)
- Muzeum Młynarstwa i Wodnych Urządzeń Przemysłu Wiejskiego (Museum of Milling and Water Tools in Agriculture) in Jaracz (since 1981)
- Muzeum Wikliniarstwa i Chmielarstwa (Museum of Basket Making and Hop Cultivation ) in Nowy Tomyśl (since 1985)
- Skansen i Muzeum Pszczelarstwa (Open Air Museum and Museum of Beekeeping) in Swarzędz (since 1999)
- Muzeum Gospodarki Mięsnej (Museum of the Meat Industry ) in Sielinko (since 2004)
Individual evidence
- ↑ according to the Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte , Volume 79, Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein (ed.), self-published, 1998, p. 152, a Hermann Bierbaum (born in Braunschweig) enrolled at the University of Göttingen on October 26, 1831 and later became a manor on Rosnowo at poses. In Göttingen he was a member of the Corps Brunsviga Göttingen , cf. Kösener corps lists 1910 64 , 91, and one of Otto von Bismarck's counter seconds as a student
- ↑ "Marianna i róże" czyli spacerem po Wielkopolsce z Jasieckimi at Senior.pl (in Polish, accessed on April 24, 2014)
- ↑ Folwark Leonharda Bierbauma (poł. XIX w.) Under Szreniawa at Polskaniezwykla.pl (in Polish, accessed on April 24, 2014)
- ↑ a b c d e Małgorzata Mazurek, information ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the history of Szreniawa (in Polish, accessed April 27, 2014)
literature
Various brochures, publisher: Museum
- National Museum of Agriculture and the Agricultural Food Industry in Szreniawa, Poland
- The castle in Szreniawa
- The National Museum of Agriculture and Agricultural-Food Industry in Szreniawa
- Calendar imprez i wyststaw na rok 2014
See also
Web links
- Museum website (in German, accessed April 22, 2014)
Coordinates: 52 ° 18 ′ 58.1 ″ N , 16 ° 47 ′ 52 ″ E